Portal:Ukraine


The Ukraine Portal - Портал України

Ukraine
Україна (Ukrainian)
ISO 3166 codeUA

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the north; Poland and Slovakia to the west; Hungary, Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast. Kyiv is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Kharkiv, Odesa, and Dnipro. Ukraine's official language is Ukrainian.

Humans have inhabited Ukraine since 32,000 BC. During the Middle Ages, it was the site of early Slavic expansion and later became a key centre of East Slavic culture under the state of Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century. Kievan Rus' became the largest and most powerful realm in Europe in the 10th and 11th centuries, but gradually disintegrated into rival regional powers before being destroyed by the Mongols in the 13th century. For the next 600 years the area was contested, divided, and ruled by a variety of external powers, including the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Kingdom of Poland, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austrian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Tsardom of Russia.

The Cossack Hetmanate emerged in central Ukraine in the 17th century but was partitioned between Russia and Poland before being absorbed by the Russian Empire in the late 19th century. Ukrainian nationalism developed and, following the Russian Revolution in 1917, the short-lived Ukrainian People's Republic was formed. The Bolsheviks consolidated control over much of the former empire and established the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922. In the early 1930s, millions of Ukrainians died in the Holodomor, a human-made famine. During World War II, Ukraine was occupied by Germany and endured major battles and atrocities, resulting in 7 million civilians killed, including most Ukrainian Jews.

Ukraine gained independence in 1991 as the Soviet Union dissolved, declaring itself neutral. A new constitution was adopted in 1996 as the country transitioned to a free market liberal democracy amid endemic corruption and a legacy of state control. The Orange Revolution of 2004–2005 ushered electoral and constitutional reforms. Resurgent political crises prompted a series of mass demonstrations in 2014 known as the Euromaidan, leading to a revolution, at the end of which Russia unilaterally occupied and annexed Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula, and pro-Russian unrest culminated in a war in Donbas with Russian-backed separatists and Russia. Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. (Full article...)

In the news

18 August 2025 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Attacks in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Russian oil to Hungary and Slovakia is suspended after a Ukrainian drone attack on the Druzhba pipeline in Bryansk Oblast. Hungarian Foreign Minister Péter Szijjártó confirms the suspension. (Reuters)
Russian missile strikes kill at least seven people in Kharkiv and three in Zaporizhzhia. (Reuters)
Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine, United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine
August 2025 European-White House crisis meeting
Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy travels with several other European leaders to the White House in Washington, D.C. to meet with U.S. president Donald Trump to discuss pathways to make a peace negotiation regarding the Russian invasion of Ukraine. (Al Jazeera)
15 August 2025 – Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
2025 Russia–United States Summit
Russian president Vladimir Putin travels to Alaska to meet with United States president Donald Trump to discuss pathways to bring an end to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy was not invited to the summit. (CNN)
11 August 2025 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Dobropillia offensive
Russian forces launch a full-scale ground assault in the direction of Dobropillia, Donetsk Oblast, with heavy clashes reported along multiple points on the front line. (UNN)

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A fragment of the “new and accurate map of Europe collected from the best authorities...” by Emanuel Bowen published in 1747 in his A Complete System of Geography. The territory around Voronezh and Tambov is shown as “Little Russia”. White Russia is located north-east of Smolensk, and the legend “Ukrain” straddles the Dnieper river near Poltava.

Little Russia, also known as Lesser Russia, Malorussia, or Little Rus', is a geographical and historical term used to describe Ukraine.

At the beginning of the 14th century, the patriarch of Constantinople accepted the distinction between what it called the eparchies of Megalē Rosiia (lit.'Great Rus, Great Russia') and Mikrà Rosiia (lit.'Little Rus, Little Russia'). The jurisdiction of the latter became the metropolis of Halych in 1303. The specific meaning of the adjectives "Great" and "Little" in this context is unclear. It is possible that terms such as "Little" and "Lesser" at the time simply meant geographically smaller and/or less populous, or having fewer eparchies. Another possibility is that it denoted a relationship similar to that between a homeland and a colony (just as "Magna Graecia" denoted a Greek colony). (Full article...)

List of selected articles

In the news

18 August 2025 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Attacks in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Russian oil to Hungary and Slovakia is suspended after a Ukrainian drone attack on the Druzhba pipeline in Bryansk Oblast. Hungarian Foreign Minister Péter Szijjártó confirms the suspension. (Reuters)
Russian missile strikes kill at least seven people in Kharkiv and three in Zaporizhzhia. (Reuters)
Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine, United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine
August 2025 European-White House crisis meeting
Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy travels with several other European leaders to the White House in Washington, D.C. to meet with U.S. president Donald Trump to discuss pathways to make a peace negotiation regarding the Russian invasion of Ukraine. (Al Jazeera)
15 August 2025 – Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
2025 Russia–United States Summit
Russian president Vladimir Putin travels to Alaska to meet with United States president Donald Trump to discuss pathways to bring an end to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy was not invited to the summit. (CNN)
11 August 2025 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Dobropillia offensive
Russian forces launch a full-scale ground assault in the direction of Dobropillia, Donetsk Oblast, with heavy clashes reported along multiple points on the front line. (UNN)

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