Copper mines of the Bakhmut Basin "Kartamysh" (Ukraine)
Copper mines of the Bakhmut Basin "Kartamysh" (Ukraine)[1] - a group of ancient mines of the Bronze Age, a mining and metallurgical center of the 17th–13th centuries BC. The mines were founded on copper ores of the Bakhmut Basin (Bakhmut district of Donetsk region and the right-bank part of Siversko-Donetsk district of Luhansk region, Ukraine).
Ore mining was carried out by open and underground methods. Stone hammers, chisels and bone mining tools were used. Stone balls with a diameter of about 10 cm, stone mortars and pestles were used to grind the ore.
The sacred organizational and motivational components of mining activity in stable isolated communities of archaic miners are traced.
The mines are a unique monument of archaeology, history of mining, metallurgy and primitive technology, since most of the objects have been preserved in their original form for millennia and are a representation of all cycles of metallurgical production - mining, mining and ore dressing, metallurgical and metalworking.
References
- ^ Мідний рудник бронзової руди Картамиш Archived 2016-08-05 at the Wayback Machine (співавт. Ю. М. Бровендер) // Г. Гайко, В. Білецький, Т. Мікось, Я. Хмура. Гірництво й підземні споруди в Україні та Польщі (нариси з історії). — Донецьк: УКЦентр, Донецьке відділення НТШ, «Редакція гірничої енциклопедії», 2009. — 296 с.
Further reading
- Mining under the early metal in the context of Kartamysh ore occurrence of Ukrainian Donbas // Yurii Brovender, Hennadii Haiko, Olena Brovender. //Mining of Mineral Deposits. 2021, 15(3):45-53
- Гайко Г. І., Білецький В. С. «Історія гірництва»: — Київ-Алчевськ: Видавничий дім «Києво-Могилянська академія», видавництво «ЛАДО» ДонДТУ, 2013. — 542 с.