List of wars involving Vietnam

See also: Military history of Vietnam

This is a list of wars involving the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and its predecessor states.

Color legend:

  •   Red: Involve with China
  •   Yellow: involve with Champa
  •   Brown: civil war
  •   White: internal conflict, throne crisis

Ancient era

Hồng Bàng dynasty (2879–258 BC)

Conflict Van Lang Opponents Result
Âu Việt-Lạc Việt War (258–257 BC)[a] Văn Lang under Hung Kings
(Lạc Việt) 		Âu Việt led by Thục Phán Victory for Âu Việt

Thục dynasty (258–207 BC or 208–179 BC)

Conflict Thuc dynasty Opponents Result
Qin campaign against the Baiyue (221–214 BC) Baiyue Qin dynasty Qin victory
Âu Lạc-Nanyue War (207 BC or 179 BC) Âu Lạc under Thuc dynasty (An Duong Vuong) Nanyue led by Zhao Tuo (Triệu Đà) Defeat

Triệu dynasty (207 BC or 179–111 BC)

Conflict Trieu (Zhao) dynasty Opponents Result
Han conquest of Nanyue (111 BC) Nanyue Han dynasty Han victory

First, Second and Third Chinese domination era

First Chinese domination (111 BC – 40 AD)

Conflict Jiaozhi Opponents Result
Tây Vu Vương rebellion (111 BC) Tây Vu Vương's forces in Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen Commanderies Han dynasty (Western Han) under Emperor Wu Defeat
  • Tay Vu Vuong killed.
Trưng Sisters' Uprising (40 AD) Trưng sisters' forces in Jiaozhi Commandery Han dynasty (Eastern Han) under Emperor Guangwu Victory

Trưng Queen (40–43)

Conflict Trung Queen Opponents Result
Han invasion of Lingnan (42–43) Lingnan under Trưng Queen Han dynasty (Eastern Han) Defeat

Second Chinese domination (43–541)

Conflict Jiaozhi/Jiaozhou Opponents Result
Chu Đạt's rebellion (157–160) Chu Đạt's forces in Jiuzhen Han dynasty (Eastern Han) Defeat
Liang Long's rebellion (178–181) Liang Long's forces in Hepu, Jiuzhen, Jiaozhi and Rinan Han dynasty (Eastern Han) Defeat
Sri Mara's rebellion (192) Sri Mara's forces (Khu Liên) in Xianglin Han dynasty (Eastern Han) Victory
  • Foundation of Lâm Ấp (Linyi) kingdom, predecessor to later Champa kingdoms.
Lady Triệu's rebellion (248) Lady Triệu's forces in Jiaozhou Eastern Wu Defeat
Jiao Province Campaign (263–271) Eastern Wu Cao Wei (until 266)
Western Jin (from 266) 		Eastern Wu victory
  • Eastern Wu reclaims Jiao Province
Jin–Lâm Ấp conflict (351–359) Jiaozhou under Jin dynasty Lâm Ấp (Linyi) Victory for Jin
Jin–Lâm Ấp conflict (399) Jiaozhou under Jin dynasty Lâm Ấp (Linyi) Victory for Jin
Jin–Lâm Ấp conflict (413–415) Jiaozhou under Jin dynasty Lâm Ấp (Linyi) Victory for Jin
Liu Song-Lâm Ấp War
(445–446) 		Jiaozhou under Liu Song dynasty Lâm Ấp (Linyi) Victory for Liu Song
Lý Trường Nhân's rebellion (468)[1] Lý Trường Nhân's forces in Jiaozhou Liu Song Victory
Lý Bí's rebellion (541–544) Lý Bí's forces in Jiaozhou Liang dynasty Victory

Early Lý dynasty (544–602)

Conflict Early Ly dynasty Opponents Result
Vạn Xuân-Lâm Ấp War (543) Vạn Xuân under Early Lý dynasty Lâm Ấp Victory
Liang–Vạn Xuân War (545–550) Vạn Xuân under Early Lý dynasty Liang dynasty Victory
Vạn Xuân–Dã Năng War (557–571) Vạn Xuân led by Triệu Quang Phục Dã Năng (vi) led by Lý Phật Tử Territorial and throne changes
Sui–Vạn Xuân War (602) Former Lý dynasty Sui dynasty Decisive Sui victory

Third Chinese domination (602–905)

Conflict Event Annan/Jinghai Opponents Result
Sui–Lâm Ấp War (605) Jiaozhi under Sui dynasty Lâm Ấp Victory for Sui
Lý Tự Tiên's rebellion (687) Lý Tự Tiên's and Đinh Kiến's forces in Annan Tang dynasty Defeat
Mai Thúc Loan's rebellion (722–723) Mai Thúc Loan's forces in Annan Tang dynasty Defeat
Phùng Hưng's rebellion (766–791) Phùng Hưng's forces in Annan Tang dynasty Defeat
Javanese raid in Tang's Annan (767) Annan under Tang dynasty Javanese raiders from Shailendra dynasty Victory for Tang
Javanese raids in Hoàn Vương (774–787) First raid (774) Hoàn Vương (Huanwang Champa) Javanese raiders from Shailendra dynasty Victory for Hoàn Vương
Second raid
(787) 		Victory for Hoàn Vương
Hoàn Vương–Tang conflicts (803–809) First war (803) Annan under Tang dynasty Hoàn Vương (Huanwang Champa) Victory for Tang
Second war (809) Victory for Tang
Dương Thanh's rebellion (819–820) Dương Thanh's forces in Annan Tang dynasty Defeat
Tang–Nanzhao wars (846–866) First raid (846) Annan under Tang dynasty Nanzhao
Local rebels in Annan 		Victory for Tang
Second raid (860–861) Victory for Tang
Siege of Songping (863) Defeat for Tang
Tang's offensive (865–866) Victory for Tang
  • Tang's forces recaptured Songping and Annan
Khúc Thừa Dụ's rebellion (905) Khúc Thừa Dụ's forces in Jianghai Circuit Tang dynasty Victory

Independent monarchical era

Autonomous period under Khúc clan and Dương clan (905–938)

Conflict Khuc clan/Duong clan Opponents Result
First Jinghai–Southern Han War (930) Jinghai Circuit under Khúc clan Southern Han dynasty Defeat
Dương Đình Nghệ's rebellion (931) Dương Đình Nghệ's forces in Jinghai Circuit Southern Han dynasty Victory
Second Jinghai-Southern Han War (938) Ngô Quyền's forces in Jinghai Circuit Southern Han dynasty Victory
  • Ngô Quyền crowned as the King of Jinghai
  • Establishment of Ngô dynasty
  • Beginning of Independent era

Ngô dynasty (939–965)

Conflict Ngo dynasty Opponents Result
Dương Tam Kha's mutiny (944–950) Ngô Xương Ngập's forces
Ngô Xương Văn's forces 		Dương Tam Kha's forces Victory for Ngo king
The rebellion of Đường and Nguyễn villages (965)[2] (vi) Ngô Xương Văn's forces in Jinghai Circuit The rebels in Đường and Nguyễn villages Defeat:
Anarchy of the 12 Warlords (965–968) 12 warlords, including Đinh Bộ Lĩnh's forces Victory for Đinh Bộ Lĩnh (Đinh Tiên Hoàng)

Đinh dynasty (968–980)

Conflict Dinh dynasty Opponents Result
Countercoup against Lê Hoàn (979)[3] Loyal forces of Đinh Điền (vi), Nguyễn Bặc, Phạm Hạp and Ngô Nhật Khánh Lê Hoàn's forces
Supported by: 		Dynasty change

Early Lê dynasty (980–1009)

Conflict Early Le dynasty Opponents Result
Song–Đại Cồ Việt war (981) Đại Cồ Việt under Lê Đại Hành Song dynasty under Emperor Taizong Victory
First Champa–Đại Cồ Việt War (982) Đại Cồ Việt under Lê Đại Hành Champa under Paramesvaravarman I Victory
Dương Tiến Lộc's rebellion (989)[4] Đại Cồ Việt under Lê Đại Hành The rebels of Dương Tiến Lộc in Hoan and Ái provinces Victory
  • The rebellion was quelled
Song–Đại Cồ Việt border conflict (995)[5] (vi) Đại Cồ Việt under Lê Đại Hành Song army in Qinzhou and Namzningz Victory
  • Đại Cồ Việt navy raided Như Hồng province of Qinzhou.
  • Đại Cồ Việt infantry attacked Namzningz but were defeated.
  • Đại Cồ Việt agreed to make peace with the Song dynasty.
Conquered four tribes in Ma Hoàng (996)[6] Đại Cồ Việt under Lê Đại Hành The army of tribe Đại, Phát, Đan, Ba in Ma Hoàng Victory
  • The land of the four tribes - Đại, Phát, Đan, and Ba - in Ma Hoàng belonged to the Early Lê dynasty.
Conquered the tribes in Hà Động (999)[7] Đại Cồ Việt under Lê Đại Hành The army of 49 tribes in Hà Động Victory
  • Tribe Nhật Tắc and other tribes in Định Biên province were defeated
  • All tribes capitulated to the emperor
Cử Long province's rebellion (1001)[7] Đại Cồ Việt under Lê Đại Hành The rebels in Cử Long province Victory
  • The rebellion was quelled
  • Đinh Toàn is killed in action
First Throne Crisis of Early Lê dynasty (1005) Lê Long Việt's forces Lê Long Tích's forces (vi) Victory for Lê Long Việt
Second Throne Crisis of Early Lê dynasty (1005) Lê Long Việt's royal court Rebellion forces of Lê Long Cân (vi), Lê Long Kính (vi) and Lê Long Đinh (vi) Victory for Lê Long Việt

Later Lý dynasty (1009–1225)

Conflict Later Ly dynasty Opponents Result
Conquer the Cử Long army in Ái Châu (1011)[8] Đại Cồ Việt under Lý Thái Tổ The Cử Long army in Ái Châu Victory
  • The Cử Long army in Ái Châu was dispersed
Dali–Đại Cồ Việt War (1014) Đại Cồ Việt under Lý Thái Tổ Dali Kingdom Victory
  • Đại Cồ Việt annexed a part of Dali
Lý Phật Mã pacified Diễn Châu's secession (1026)[9] Đại Cồ Việt under Lý Thái Tổ Diễn Châu's secessionist troop Victory
  • Diễn Châu's secessionist troop was defeated
Throne crisis of Later Lý dynasty (1028) Crown Prince Lý Phật Mã's forces Rebellion forces of Đông Chinh Vương, Vũ Đức Vương and Dực Thánh Vương Victory for Lý Phật Mã
Nong Quanfu's rebellion (1038–1041) Đại Cồ Việt under Lý Thái Tông Nong Quanfu's Changqi Kingdom Victory
  • Nong Quanfu killed
First Nong Zhigao rebellions (1041)[10] Đại Cồ Việt under Lý Thái Tông Nong Zhigao's Dali Kingdom Victory
  • Nong Zhigao was defeated but spared by the emperor and was granted authority to govern the tribes and mountainous provinces.[10]
Champa–Đại Cồ Việt War (1044) Đại Cồ Việt under Lý Thái Tông Champa Victory
Second Nong Zhigao rebellions (1048) Đại Cồ Việt under Lý Thái Tông Nong Zhigao's Nantian Kingdom Victory
  • Nong Zhigao was defeated and surrendered.
Third Nong Zhigao rebellions (1052 - 1055) Victory
  • Nong Zhigao was defeated by the Song and killed by Dali
  • Ly dynasty eliminated the remaining of Nong Zhigao’s army.
Champa–Đại Việt war (1069) Đại Việt under Lý Thánh Tông Champa under Rudravarman III Victory
Đại Việt–Song war (1075–1077): Conquer the Song’s Qinzhou, Lianzhou, and Yongzhou (1075–1076) (vi) Đại Việt under Lý Nhân Tông Song dynasty under Emperor Shenzong Victory
  • Đại Việt's troops captured several Song's forts and later retreated
Đại Việt–Song war (1075–1077): Song's counterattack (1077) Đại Việt under Lý Nhân Tông Song dynasty under Emperor Shenzong Indecisive
Lý Giác's rebellion (1103)[11] Đại Việt under Lý Nhân Tông Rebellion forces of Lý Giác in Diễn Châu Victory[12]
Đại Việt–Khmer Wars: First Khmer's campaign (1128) Đại Việt under Lý Thần Tông Khmer Empire Defeat
Đại Việt–Khmer Wars: Khmer–Champa's joint campaign (1132) Đại Việt under Lý Thần Tông


Defeat
  • Invasion repelled
  • Champa briefly regained control of Ma Linh, Bố Chính, Địa Lý, later expelled
Đại Việt–Khmer Wars: Second Khmer's campaign (1137) Đại Việt under Lý Thần Tông Khmer Empire Defeat
Quách Bốc's rebellion (1209) Đại Việt under Lý Cao Tông Quách Bốc's forces Victory
Nguyễn Nộn's rebellion (1213–1219) Đại Việt under Lý Huệ Tông Nguyễn Nộn's forces (vi) Victory

Trần dynasty (1226–1400)

Conflict Event Tran dynasty Opponents Results
Second Champa–Đại Việt War (1252) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Champa Victory
First Đại Việt–Mongol War (1257–1258) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Mongol Empire Victory
  • Mongol troops briefly occupied Thăng Long capital, then expelled out of Đại Việt
  • Emperor Trần Thái Tông agreed to become a tributary state to the Mongols
First Đại Việt–Yuan War (1285)
or Second Đại Việt–Mongol War 		Yuan's advance (January – May) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty
Champa 		Yuan dynasty Defeat
Đại Việt's counteroffensive (May – June) Victory
  • Yuan invasion repelled
Battle of Chương Dương – 1285 Victory
Second Đại Việt–Yuan War (1287–1288)
or Third Đại Việt–Mongol War 		Yuan's advance (1287 – January 1288) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Yuan dynasty Defeat
Battle of Bạch Đằng River (1288) Victory
  • Yuan invasion repelled
Đại Việt–Muang Sua Wars (1294–1301) First war (1294) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Muang Sua Victory
Second war (1297)
Third war (1301)
Third Champa–Đại Việt War (1311) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Champa Victory
Fourth Champa–Đại Việt War (1318) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Champa Victory
Fifth Champa–Đại Việt War (1367–1368) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Champa Defeat
  • Beginning of a series of Champa's counter-offensives
Coup against Dương Nhật Lễ (1369–1370) Dương Nhật Lễ's royal court Trần Phủ's forces Throne change
Sixth Champa–Đại Việt War (1371) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Champa Defeat
  • Champa forces set the city on fire, seized women, jewels, and silks
Seventh Champa–Đại Việt War (1377) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Champa Defeat
Eighth Champa–Đại Việt War (1378) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Champa Defeat
  • Champa forces looted Thăng Long capital
Ninth Champa–Đại Việt War (1382) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Champa Victory
  • Champa attacks repelled
Tenth Champa-Đại Việt War (1390) Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Champa Victory

Hồ dynasty (1400–1407)

Conflict Ho dynasty Opponents Result
Champa–Đại Ngu war (1400) Đại Ngu under Hồ Quý Ly Champa under Indravarman VI Defeat
Champa–Đại Ngu war (1402) Đại Ngu under Hồ Hán Thương Champa under Indravarman VI Victory
Champa–Đại Ngu war (1403) Đại Ngu under Hồ Hán Thương Champa under Indravarman VI Defeat
  • Đại Ngu failed to capture Vijaya capital
Champa–Đại Ngu war (1407) Đại Ngu under Hồ Hán Thương Defeat
  • Champa recaptured Chiêm Động and Cổ Lũy
Đại Ngu–Ming War (1406–1407) Đại Ngu under Hồ Hán Thương Ming dynasty under Emperor Yongle Defeat

Fourth Chinese Domination era

Conflict Jiaozhi Opponents Result
Later Trần rebellion (1407–1414) Later Trần rebels in Jiaozhi Ming dynasty Defeat
  • Rebel suppressed
Lam Sơn uprising (1418–1427) Lam Sơn's rebels in Jiaozhi Ming dynasty Victory

Revived monarchical era

Later Lê dynasty – Initial period (1428–1527)

Conflict Later Le dynasty Opponents Results
Ngưu Hống rebellion (1431–1432) Đại Việt under Later Lê dynasty Ngưu Hống led by Đèo Cát Hãn Victory
Eleventh Champa–Đại Việt War (1446) Đại Việt under Later Lê dynasty Champa Victory
First throne crisis of Later Lê dynasty (1459) Lê Nghi Dân's coup d'état forces Lê Nhân Tông's royal court Throne change
Second throne crisis of Later Lê dynasty (1459–1460) Lê Nghi Dân's royal court Loyal forces of Nguyễn Xí, Đinh Liệt and Lê Lăng Throne change
Twelfth Champa–Đại Việt War (1471) Đại Việt Champa Victory
Đại Việt–Lan Xang War (1479–1484)
or White Elephant War 		Đại Việt Lan Xang
Lan Na
Muang Phuan
Shan States 		Defeat (see analysis)
Third throne crisis of Later Lê dynasty (1509) Lê Uy Mục's royal court Lê Oanh's rebel forces Throne change
  • Lê Oanh (Lê Tương Dực) became the Emperor
Trần Tuân's rebellion (1511–1512) Đại Việt Trần Tuân (vi) Victory
Trịnh Duy Sản's coup d'état
(1516) 		Lê Tương Dực's royal court Rebel forces of Trịnh Duy Sản (vi), Trịnh Duy Đại and Lê Y Throne change
Trần Cảo's rebellion (1516–1521) Đại Việt under Later Lê dynasty Trần Cảo's rebel forces Victory
  • Trần Cảo fled
Trịnh Tuy's coup d'état (1518–1522) Trịnh Tuy's rebel forces Throne change
  • As Lê Chiêu Tông absent from court, Trịnh Tuy installed Lê Bảng and then Lê Do as Emperor in quick succession
  • Mạc Đăng Dung quelled the rebellion, consolidating power in the imperial court
  • Trịnh Tuy surrendered
Mạc Đăng Dung's coup d'état (1522–1526) Lê Chiêu Tông's royal court
Trịnh Tuy's forces 		Mạc Đăng Dung's rebel forces Dynasty change

Mạc dynasty (1527–1677)

Conflict Mac dynasty Opponents Result
Lê–Mạc War (1533–1677) Mạc dynasty
Bầu lords (from 1594)
Political support: Ming dynasty 		Revival Lê dynasty
Bầu lords (1527–1593)
Nguyễn lords (until 1600)
Trịnh lords 		Revival Lê dynasty victory
Throne crisis of Mạc dynasty (1546–1547) Mạc Phúc Nguyên's forces Mạc Chính Trung's forces Throne change
  • Mạc Phúc Nguyên became the Emperor
  • Decline of Mạc dynasty


Trịnh lord – Tonkin (1545–1787)

Conflict Trinh lord Opponents Result
Bầu clan's rebellion (1594–1699) Tonkin under Trịnh lord Bầu clan Victory
  • Bầu clan eliminated
Hoàng Công Chất's rebellion (1739–1769) Tonkin under Trịnh lord Hoàng Công Chất's forces Victory
Lê Duy Mật's rebellion (1740–1770) Tonkin under Trịnh lord Lê Duy Mật's forces Victory
Nguyễn Hữu Cầu's rebellion (1743–1751) Tonkin under Trịnh lord Nguyễn Hữu Cầu's forces Victory
Nguyễn Danh Phương's rebellion (1744–1751) Tonkin under Trịnh lord Nguyễn Danh Phương's forces Victory
Đại Việt–Luang Phrabang War (1749)[13] Tonkin under Trịnh lord Luang Phrabang Defeat
  • Trịnh's forces expelled from Luang Phrabang
Privileged Army Mutiny (1782–1786) Tonkin under Trịnh lord Soldiers from Thanh Hóa and Nghệ An provinces Victory

Nguyễn lord – Cochinchina (1558–1777)

Conflict Nguyen lord Opponents Result
First Đại Việt–Panduranga War (1611) Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Panduranga Victory
  • Annexation of present-day Phú Yên by Nguyễn lord
Dutch East India Company's attack (1643) Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Dutch East India Company Victory
  • Dutch East India Company's ships damaged and sunken
Second Đại Việt–Panduranga War (1653) Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Panduranga Victory
  • Nguyễn's forces occupied more Panduranga's territories
First Đại Việt-Cambodia War (1658) Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord
Ang Sur and Ang Tan's forces 		Cambodia Victory
Second Đại Việt-Cambodia War (1674) Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord
Ang Nan II and Ang Tan's forces 		Cambodia Victory
  • Cambodian King Keo Fa II fled
  • Beginning of Cambodian throne crisis
Third Đại Việt–Panduranga War (1693–1697) Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Panduranga Defeat
  • Nguyễn's forces withdrew from some Panduranga's territories
  • Panduranga gained autonomy
Third Đại Việt-Cambodia War (1699) Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Cambodia Victory
Fourth Đại Việt-Cambodia War (1708) Ang Em's forces
Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord 		Cambodia under Thommo Reachea III
Siam under Ayutthaya Kingdom 		Victory
First Đại Việt-Siam War (1718) Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Siam under Ayutthaya Kingdom Defeat
Fifth Đại Việt-Cambodia War (1753–1756) Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Cambodia Victory
Second Đại Việt-Siam War (1771–1772) Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord
Outey II's forces 		Siam under Ayutthaya Kingdom
Ang Non II's forces 		Defeat
  • Ang Non II became King of Cambodia
  • Nguyễn's forces withdrew from Cambodia
  • Decline of Nguyễn lord
Tây Sơn uprising (1771–1777) Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Tây Sơn rebels Dynasty change
  • Trịnh's forces joined Tây Sơn to defeat Nguyễn's forces
  • Nguyễn lord overthrown
  • Establishment of Tây Sơn dynasty in Cochinchina

Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1627–1775)

Conflict Trinh lord Nguyen lord Result
First Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1627) Đàng Ngoài under Trịnh Tráng Đàng Trong under Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên Defeat to Trịnh
Second Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1633–1640) Đàng Ngoài Đàng Trong Defeat to Trịnh
Third Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1643) Đàng Ngoài Đàng Trong Defeat to Nguyễn
Fourth Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1648) Đàng Ngoài Đàng Trong Defeat to Trịnh
Fifth Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1655–1660) Đàng Ngoài Đàng Trong Defeat to Nguyễn
Sixth Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1661–1662) Đàng Ngoài Đàng Trong Defeat to Trịnh
Seventh Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1672) Đàng Ngoài Đàng Trong Defeat to Trịnh
  • Gianh River became the border between Tonkin and Cochinchina
  • Đại Việt divided into 2 rival courts for more than 100 years
Eighth Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1774–1775) Đàng Ngoài
Supported by: 		Đàng Trong Defeat to Nguyễn
  • Trịnh and Tây Sơn's troops occupied Phú Xuân capital of Cochinchina
  • Nguyễn lord overthrown

Tây Sơn dynasty (1778–1802)

Conflict Tây Sơn dynasty
and allies 		Opponents Brief description
Tây Sơn–Trịnh War (1775–1786) Cochinchina under Tây Sơn dynasty Tonkin under Trịnh lords Dynasty change
First Tây Sơn-Nguyễn War (1777–1785) Cochinchina under Tây Sơn dynasty Nguyễn lord's loyalists in Cochinchina Territorial change
Third Đại Việt-Siam War (1785) Cochinchina under Tây Sơn dynasty Rattanakosin Siam
Nguyễn Ánh's forces 		Victory
Sixth Đại Việt-Cambodia War (1785) Cochinchina under Tây Sơn dynasty Cambodia Victory
Nguyễn Huệ–Nguyễn Nhạc conflict (1787) Nguyễn Nhạc's forces in Quy Nhơn Nguyễn Huệ's forces in Phú Xuân Indecisive
Tây Sơn-Lê War (1787–1789) Cochinchina under Tây Sơn dynasty Tonkin under Later Lê dynasty
Supported by: 		Dynasty change
Second Tây Sơn-Nguyễn War (1787–1802) Đại Việt under Tây Sơn dynasty
Supported by: 		Nguyễn Ánh's forces in Cochinchina
Supported by:
  • French mercenaries
  • Pro-Nguyễn Chams forces
 Dynasty change
Đại Việt–Qing War (1788–1789) Đại Việt under Tây Sơn dynasty Qing dynasty
Lê Chiêu Thống's forces 		Victory
Đại Việt-Vientiane War (1791) Đại Việt under Tây Sơn dynasty Vientiane
Muang Phuan
Lê's loyalists 		Victory

Nguyễn dynasty – Independent period (1802–1883)

Conflict Nguyen dynasty Opponents Result
Đá Vách rebellion (1803–1885) Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Ethnic minority people in Quảng Ngãi province Victory
First Cambodian Rebellion (1811–1812) Cambodia under Ang Chan II
Supported by: 		Ang Snguon's forces
Supported by: 		Victory
Second Cambodian Rebellion (1820) Cambodia under Ang Chan II
Supported by: 		Khmer rebels led by Monk Kai Victory
Phan Bá Vành's rebellion (1821–1827) Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Phan Bá Vành's forces Victory
Ja Lidong's rebellion (1822–1823) Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Chams rebels led by Ja Lidong Victory
Lao rebellion (1826–1828) Vientiane
Champasak
Supported by: 		Siam under Rattanakosin Kingdom Defeat
Nduai Kabait rebellion (1826) Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Chams rebels led by Ndui Kabait Victory
Lê Duy Lương's rebellion (1832–1837) Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Lê Duy Lương's (vi) rebels Victory
Lê Văn Khôi's revolt (1833–1835) Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Lê Văn Khôi's rebels Victory
Việt Nam-Siam War (1833–1834) Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Siam under Rattanakosin Kingdom Victory
Nông Văn Vân's rebellion (1833–1835) Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Nông Văn Vân's rebels Victory
Ba Nhàn-Tiền Bột's rebellion (1833–1843) Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Ba Nhàn and Tiền Bột's rebels Victory
Ja Thak Wa and Katip Sumat's rebellion (1833–1835) Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Chams rebels led by Ja Thak Wa and Katip Sumat Victory
Hà Tiên rebellion (1840) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Khmer rebels in Hà Tiên
Third Cambodian Rebellion (1840–1841) Ang Mey's royal court
Supported by: 		Ang Duong's rebel forces
Supported by: 		Defeat
  • Đại Nam's troops withdrew from Cambodia
  • Cambodia gained semi-independence but depended on Siam
  • Ang Duong crowned as King of Cambodia
Ba Xuyên's rebellion (1841) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Sơn Tốt and Trần Lâm's rebels Victory
Thất Sơn's rebellion (1841) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Khmer rebels in Thất Sơn Victory
Lâm Sâm's rebellion (1841) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Lâm Sâm's rebels Victory
Đại Nam–Siam War (1841–1845) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty
Ang Mey and Ang Em's forces 		Siam under Rattanakosin Kingdom
Ang Duong's royal court 		Indecisive
  • Joint Siam-Đại Nam suzerainty of Cambodia.
War against South China Sea pirates (1849) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty
Qing dynasty 		Pirates of the South China Coast Victory
Cao Bá Quát's rebellion (1854–1856) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Cao Bá Quát's rebels Victory
Cochinchina campaign (1858–1862) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Second French Empire
Spain Kingdom of Spain 		Defeat
Tạ Văn Phụng's rebellion (1861–1865) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Tạ Văn Phụng's rebels Victory
Cai Vàng's rebellion (1862–1865) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Cai Vàng's rebels Victory
War on South Chinese bandits (1865–1875) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty
Qing dynasty
Black Flag Army (from 1870) 		Black Flag Army (until 1870)
Yellow Flag Army
White Flag Army 		Victory
Đoàn Hữu Trưng's rebellion (1866) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Đoàn Hữu Trưng's rebels Victory
Tonkin expedition (1873–1874) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty
Black Flag Army 		French Third Republic Indecisive
Tonkin campaign (1883–1886) Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty
Qing dynasty
Black Flag Army 		French Third Republic Defeat

Colonial era

French Indochina (1858–1945)

Conflict Indochina Opponents Result
Trương Định's uprising (1859–1864) Trương Định's forces in Cochinchina Second French Empire Defeat
Nguyễn Hữu Huân's uprising (1859–1874) Nguyễn Hữu Huân's forces in Cochinchina Second French Empire Defeat
Nguyễn Trung Trực's uprising (1861–1868) Nguyễn Trung Trực's forces in Cochinchina Second French Empire Defeat
Bảy Thưa's rebellion (1867–1873) Trần Văn Thành's forces in Cochinchina Second French Empire Defeat
Sino–French War (1884–1885)
France Defeat to Qing
  • French protectorates of Tonkin and Annam recognized by China
Yên Thế Insurrection (1884–1913) Yên Thế Barracks
  • Trung Châu Insurgent Force

Black Flag Army Tai Canton

French Indochina Victory of the French Forces :
  • The uprising suppressed.
  • Yên Thế Barracks fallen.
Cần Vương movement (1885–1896) Can Vuong's Rebels  France
Nguyễn dynasty 		Defeat
Franco-Siamese conflict (1893) French Third Republic France Siam French victory
Anti-tax Movement in Annam (1908) People in Annam French Third Republic
French Indochina
Nguyễn dynasty 		Defeat
Hanoi Poison Plot (1908) Mutiny ĐIndochinese soldiers and cooks in Tonkin French Third Republic
French Indochina
Nguyễn dynasty 		Defeat
N'Trang Lơng's uprising (1911–1935) Montagnard tribes led by N'Trang Lơng in Central Highlands French Third Republic
French Indochina 		Defeat
Restoration League Movement (1913–1925) Vietnam Restoration League French Third Republic
French Indochina
Nguyễn dynasty 		Defeat
Cochinchina uprising (1913–1916) Cochinchina rebels led by Phan Xích Long French Third Republic
French Indochina 		Defeat
Thái Nguyên uprising (1917) Đại Hùng Empire
  • Thái Nguyên Restoration Forces
 French Indochina Victory of the French Forces :
  • The uprising suppressed.
  • Đại Hùng Empire collapsed.
Red Phú Riềng Movement (1930) Phú Riềng workers
Communist Party of Indochina in Cochinchina 		French Third Republic
French Indochina 		Defeat
Yên Bái mutiny (1930) Vietnam Nationalist Party France Government of French Indochina Victory of the French forces.
  • Uprising crushed.
  • Some villages were massacred by French soldiers.
  • Division of the Nationalist Party.
  • Rebels severely damaged by arrests and executions by French authorities.[14]
  • Many leaders had to escape to China.
Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviets (1930–1931) Communist Party of Vietnam
Indochinese Communist Party
Communist Party of Annam
Red Self-Defense Force 		French Indochina
French Protectorate of Annam
Nguyễn dynasty 		French and Nguyễn dynasty victory
  • Communist uprising suppressed
Japanese invasion of French Indochina (1940)  Vichy France  Japan

Vietnam National Restoration League

  • Vietnam National Building Force
 Japanese victory
  • Japanese occupation of French Indochina from Lang Son.

Japanese Indochina (1940–1945)

Conflict Indochina Opponents Result
Bắc Sơn uprising (1940) Communist Party of Vietnam in Tonkin
Bắc Sơn's guerrilla forces 		French State
Empire of Japan 		Defeat
Franco–Thai War (1940–1941)  Vichy France Thailand Thailand

Supported by:
 Japan

Indecisive[15]
  • Japanese-mediated armistice[16]
  • Disputed territories in French Indochina ceded to Thailand[17][18]
Cochinchina uprising (1940) Indochinese Communist Party Vichy France French victory
  • Uprising suppressed
Đô Lương Mutiny (1941) Mutiny Indochinese soldiers led by Đội Cung in Annam French State Defeat
South-East Asian theatre of World War II (1941–1945) Allies

United States

United Kingdom and Empire:

 Netherlands

Thailand Free Thai Movement
Free France

Portuguese Timor 		Axis

 Japan

Thailand Thailand
Vichy France 		Allied victory
Battles of Khai Phat and Na Ngan (1944) North Vietnam Việt Minh (Armed Propaganda Unit) Provisional Government of the French Republic France Viet Minh victory
Japanese coup d'état (1945) France

Việt Minh
Khmer Issarak

Air support:
United States

Empire of Japan

Empire of Vietnam
Kingdom of Kampuchea
Kingdom of Luang Prabang

Victory to Japan
Ba Tơ uprising (1945) Communist Party of Vietnam in Annam
Ba Tơ's guerrilla forces 		Empire of Japan
Provisional Government of the French Republic 		Victory
August Revolution (1945) Việt Minh

Vanguard Youth (from 22 August)
Supported by:
United States

Bình Xuyên
Hòa Hảo
Cao Đài
Trotskyist
Vietnam Revolutionary League

Việt Quốc
Đại Việt Nationalist

Empire of Vietnam
National Unified Front

Supported by:
Japan

Việt Minh victory

Republican era

Democratic Republic of Vietnam - North Vietnam (1945–1976)

Conflict North Vietnam
and allies 		Opponents Result Leader Notable battles
Nationalist Chinese troops entering Vietnam (1945)

Democratic Republic of Vietnam

Republic of China

Việt Nam QDĐ
Đại Việt QDĐ
Vietnam Revolutionary League

Victory Hồ Chí Minh
Partisan conflicts in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945–1947)

Việt Minh

Vanguard Youth (16-22 August 1945)
Democratic Party of Vietnam
Pro-communist factions of Bình Xuyên (1945-1946)

French Northern Indochina Command (1946)

Empire of Vietnam (1945)

Vietnam Revolutionary League
Đại Việt Duy dân Đảng
Vietnam Catholic Federation (from 1947)
Vietnam National Restoration League
Hòa Hảo
Vietnamese Democratic Socialist Party
Caodaists
Bình Xuyên
Pure Land Buddhist Laity Association
Trotskyist
Autonomous Republic of Cochinchina (1946-1948)
Provisional Central Government of Vietnam (1948-1949)
Republic of China (1945)
French Union (1948–1949) 		Victory
  • Anti-Việt Minh parties and political organizations crushed.
War in Southern Vietnam (1945–1946) Southern Resistance Committee of Viet Minh British Empire

France

Japan

Hòa Hảo

Cao Đài

Anti-communist Bình Xuyên

Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng

Defeat
First Indochina War (1946–1954)
Anti-French Resistance War 		Democratic Republic of Vietnam French Union

United States (1953-54)

Victory
Chinese Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Shiwandashan (1949) China People's Republic of China

Democratic Republic of Vietnam

Taiwan Nationalist Chinese guerrilla forces in Shiwandashan Mountain Victory to Communist China
Vietnam War (1955–1975)[b]
Resistance war against America or American War in Vietnam
Victory Ho Chi Minh
Lê Duẩn
Laotian Civil War (1959–1975) Pathet Lao
North Vietnam
Neutralists (1960–1962)
Patriotic Neutralists
(1963–1969) 		Kingdom of Laos
Neutralists
(1962–1966)
United States
South Vietnam
(until 1975)
Thailand
Republic of China (until 1967) 		Victory to Pathet Lao
Communist insurgency in Thailand (1965–1983) Communist Party of Thailand
  • People's Liberation Army of Thailand
  • Federation of Farmers and Workers
  • National Student Center of Thailand
  • Ethnic groups, especially the Hmong

Pathet Lao
Malayan Communist Party[19]
Communist Party of Burma[20]
Supported by:
Khmer Rouge (until 1978)
People's Republic of Kampuchea (since 1979)
People's Republic of China (until 1980)
North Vietnam

Thailand

Kingdom of Laos (until 1975)
ROC 93rd Division [21]
Malaysia[22][23]
Supported by:
United States
Shan United Revolutionary Army [24]
Karen National Union [25]

Defeat to Communist Party of Thailand
  • Thai government victory and amnesty in 1980.
  • Communist insurgency declined.
Cambodian Civil War (1968–1975)
Victory to Khmer Rouge

State of Vietnam and Republic of Vietnam – South Vietnam (1949–1975)

Conflict South Vietnam
and allies 		Opponents Result Leader
1955 South Vietnamese conflict State of Vietnam Pro-Ngô Đình Diệm groups

Supported by:
United States

State of Vietnam Pro-Bảo Đại groups

Vietnamese Kuomintang
Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam
Supported by:
France

Regime change Bảo Đại
First South Vietnamese coup d'état (1960) ARVN loyalists
Presidential Guard 		ARVN rebels
RVNMD rebels
RVNAD rebels 		Victory
  • Coup failed.
 Ngô Đình Diệm
Buddhist crisis (1963) South Vietnam South Vietnamese government Buddhists of South Vietnam Indecisive
Second South Vietnamese coup d'état (1963) Diệm government Republic of Vietnam Military Forces rebels
Joint General Staff

Supported by:

Defeat
Third South Vietnamese coup d'état (1/1964) Military Revolutionary Council of South Vietnam Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) rebels Defeat Dương Văn Minh
1964 FLHP rebellion South Vietnam FLHP Victory Nguyễn Khánh
Dương Văn Minh
Phan Khắc Sửu
Nguyễn Văn Thiệu.
Fourth South Vietnamese coup d'état
(9/1964) 		South Vietnam Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) rebels Victory Nguyễn Khánh
Fifth South Vietnamese coup d'état (12/1964) South Vietnam High National Council
other civilian politicians 		Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) Defeat
Sixth South Vietnamese coup d'état (1965) South Vietnam  Army of the Republic of Vietnam rebels Victory
Buddhist Uprising (1966) South Vietnam RVN Government ARVN rebels
Buddhist monks 		Victory Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
Northeast Cay incident (1968) South Vietnam Philippines Defeat
Southwest Cay incident (1970) South Vietnam Philippines Victory
Battle of the Paracel Islands (1974) South Vietnam China Defeat

Unification era

Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present)

Conflict Vietnam and allies Opponents Result Leader
FULRO insurgency (1964–1992) Communist forces:
North Vietnam
(1964–1976)
Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam Viet Cong
(until 1975)
Vietnam
(after 1976)
People's Republic of Kampuchea
(1979-1989)
Khmer Rouge (1967-1975) 		FULRO

Supported by:
China
Cambodia
Cambodia Khmer Republic (1970-1975)
GRUNK
Khmer Rouge (1975-1992)
United States
(1970–1975)[26]
France
(1974–1992)

Anti-communist forces:
South Vietnam (1964–1975)
United States
(1964–1972)[26]

Victory Lê Duẩn (until July 1986)
Trường Chinh (July–December 1986)
Nguyễn Văn Linh (1986–1991)
Đỗ Mười (from)
Cambodian-Vietnamese border skirmish (1975–1978) Vietnam Vietnam Democratic Kampuchea Democratic Kampuchea Victory Lê Duẩn
Insurgency in Laos (1975–2007) Lao PDR

Supported by:
Vietnam

Soviet Union (until 1989)

Royalists:

Supported by:
Royal Lao Government in Exile
China (until 1988)[30]
Cambodia Khmer Rouge (until 1999)

Rightists:

  • United Front for the Liberation of Laos
  • Supported by:
  • Thailand (early to mid–1980s)
 Victory to Laos Lê Duẩn (until July 1986)
Trường Chinh (July–December 1986)
Nguyễn Văn Linh (1986–1991)
Đỗ Mười (1991–1997)
Lê Khả Phiêu (1997–2001)
Nông Đức Mạnh (from 2001)
Cambodian–Vietnamese War (1978–1989)  Vietnam
People's Republic of Kampuchea FUNSK (from 1978)

Post-invasion:
Until April 1989:
Vietnam
People's Republic of Kampuchea
Cuba (reconstruction experts)
From April 1989:
Cambodia State of Cambodia

Democratic Kampuchea (1978–1982)
Thailand (border clashes)

Post-invasion:
Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (from 1982)

Thailand (border clashes)[31]

Inconclusive Lê Duẩn (until July 1986)
Trường Chinh (July–December 1986)
Nguyễn Văn Linh (from 1986)
Vietnamese border raids in Thailand (1979–1989) Vietnam
People's Republic of Kampuchea (1979–89)
State of Cambodia (1989) 		Thailand
CGDK[32] 		Victory
  • Destruction of numerous Khmer Rouge's guerrilla bases and refugee camps along Thai-Cambodian border.
Sino–Vietnamese War (1979) Vietnam China Stalemate
  • Both sides claimed victory.
  • Chinese withdrawal from northern Vietnam.
 Lê Duẩn
Sino-Vietnamese border conflicts
(1979 – 1991) 		Vietnam China Stalemate
  • China occupied some Vietnamese areas briefly and retreated.
  • Normalization of bilateral relations.
 Lê Duẩn (until July 1986)
Trường Chinh (July–December 1986)
Nguyễn Văn Linh (1986–1991)
Đỗ Mười (from 1991)
Johnson South Reef Skirmish (1988) Vietnam China Defeat Nguyễn Văn Linh
Cambodian Internal Conflict (1993–1998) People's Republic of Kampuchea (1979–1989)
Vietnam (1979–1989)
Supported by:
Albania[33] (1979–1989)
Soviet Union (1979–1989)

State of Cambodia (from 1989)

Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea Victory to Cambodia Đỗ Mười (until 1997)
Lê Khả Phiêu (from 1997)

Notes

  1. ^ 258 BC is the current consensus. Some Vietnamese sources such as the Đại Việt sử lược and the Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư contend that this event took place in 208 BC; whereas the Chinese Records of the Grand Historian dates the enthronement of Thục Phán in 218 BC, amidst the Qin campaign against the Baiyue.
  2. ^ Start date remains disputed, but North Vietnam did not intervene before 1959.

Citations

  1. ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, pp. 34–35, Peripheral Records vol. 4.
  2. ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 56, Peripheral Records vol. 5, "Hậu Ngô Vương (Phụ: Thiên Sách Vương)".
  3. ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 62, Volume I, Kỷ nhà Đinh: Phế Đế.
  4. ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 70, Volume I, Kỷ nhà Lê: Đại Hành Hoàng Đế..
  5. ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, pp. 71–72, Volume I, Kỷ nhà Lê: Đại Hành Hoàng Đế..
  6. ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 71, Volume I, Kỷ nhà Lê: Đại Hành Hoàng Đế..
  7. ^ a b Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 72, Volume I, Kỷ nhà Lê: Đại Hành Hoàng Đế..
  8. ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 82, Volume II, Kỷ nhà Lý: Thái Tổ Hoàng Đế.
  9. ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 86, Volume II, Kỷ nhà Lý: Thái Tổ Hoàng Đế
  10. ^ a b Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 72.
  11. ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 114, Volume II, Kỷ nhà Lý: Nhân Tông Hoàng Đế.
  12. ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 110, Volume II, Kỷ nhà Lý: Nhân Tông Hoàng Đế.
  13. ^ Stuart-Fox, Martin (2008). History Dictionary of Laos (3rd ed.). Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 389. ISBN 978-0-8108-5624-0.
  14. ^ Rettig, pp. 316–317.
  15. ^ Tucker, World War II: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection p. 649
  16. ^ Fall, p. 22. "On the seas, one old French cruiser sank one-third of the whole Thai fleet ... Japan, seeing that the war was turning against its pupil and ally, imposed its 'mediation' between the two parties."
  17. ^ Fall, Bernard B. (1994). Street Without Joy: The French Debacle in Indochina. Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-1700-3.
  18. ^ Windrow, Martin (2004). The Last Valley. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-306-81386-6.
  19. ^ Sison, Jose Maria. "Notes on People's War in Southeast Asia"Archived 2007-10-18 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ https://transbordernews.in.th/home/?p=42688&fbclid=IwY2xjawLHLMZleHRuA2FlbQIxMABicmlkETFVOG1lVEZ5R2hWWHRxQzMzAR7a4Sedyxw1bBX6W1tnkd7P7s695N0bujpVdNtknWt8JxFcTaB8xVyF35xZJA_aem_IBrMjKW3Mgkv6rWlPY__jA
  21. ^ https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2019/01/16/2003708006
  22. ^ Chin Peng, pp.479–80
  23. ^ NIE report
  24. ^ https://www.thepeople.co/history/nostalgia/1295
  25. ^ https://www.pptvhd36.com/news/%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8/221298
  26. ^ a b Written by BBT Champaka.info (8 September 2013). "Tiểu sử Ts. Po Dharma, tác giả Lịch Sử 33 Năm Cuối Cùng Champa". Champaka.info. Archived from the original on 20 April 2014.
  27. ^ "UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program". Uppsala University. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  28. ^ "The Thwarted Overthrow of Laos Government By American Hmong". Global Politician. 14 June 2007. Archived from the original on 18 May 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  29. ^ "Laos' controversial exile". BBC News. 11 June 2007. Archived from the original on 17 June 2010. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
  30. ^ O'Dowd, Edward C. (16 April 2007). Chinese Military Strategy in the Third Indochina War: The Last Maoist War. Routledge. pp. 186–. ISBN 978-1-134-12268-4. Archived from the original on 16 January 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
  31. ^ "Opinion | Thailand Bears Guilt for Khmer Rouge". The New York Times. 24 March 1993. Archived from the original on 7 October 2022.
  32. ^ since 1982, the KR, the KPNLF and the ANS formed the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea.
  33. ^ "Outside Interference in Vietnamese Affairs Condemned" (PDF). www.cambodiatokampuchea.wordpress.com. 20 July 1978.

Works cited

  • Ngô Sĩ Liên (1993). Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (PDF) (in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản ed.). Hanoi: Social Science Publishing House. Retrieved 20 June 2025.

References

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