Daiviet Populist Revolutionary Party

Daiviet Populist Revolutionary Party Đại-việt Duy-dân Cách-mệnh Đảng 大越維民革命黨
Abbreviation	Việt Duy-dân Đảng
Chairman	Nghiêm Xuân Hồng
Spokesperson	Nghiêm Xuân Hồng
Founder	Lý Đông A
Founded	September 15, 1937[1] (informally) January 1, 1943 (officially)
Dissolved	1947
Preceded by	Thắng Nghĩa Học Hội Vietnam National Restoration League
Headquarters	Mơ Village, Hòa Bình Province
Newspaper	Thắng Nghĩa
Youth wing	Học Xã
Ideology	Pupulism (維民主義) Nationalism Anti-communism
Political position	Far-right
Colors
Proposal flag of Vietnamese Republic by VNRL
Website
Thangnghia.org
Politics of Vietnam Political parties Elections

Daiviet Populist Revolutionary Party (Chinese: 大越維民革命黨, Vietnamese: Đại-việt Duy-dân Cách-mệnh Đảng), was a nationalist and anti-communist political party and militant organisation that was active in Vietnam from 1943 to 1947.

Its name Daiviet Populist Revolutionary Party come from a saying of Phan Bội Châu the spiritual leader of the organization : "I am neither a materialist nor idealistist, but populist" (Ta chẳng duy vật, ta chẳng duy tâm, ta chỉ duy dân). Lý Đông A's populism (Vietnamese: Nhân chủ duy dân chủ nghĩa) was later inherited and further developed by Trương Tử Anh (Survival Nationalism) and then Ngô Đình Nhu (Person Dignity Theory), but the name was no longer the same.

The initial ideas of the Daiviet Populist Revolutionary Party were formed on September 15, 1937. A small group of secret members of the Vietnam Nation-Building Army^{[note 1]} issued a declaration of establishment of their organization in Hòa Bình Province. However, the conditions of that time did not yet allow this organization to have any specific activities.

The Party was established officially in January 1, 1943, in Hòa Bình Province.^[2][3] This address was a hill where there was a Mường hamlet called Mơ Village, but Lý Đông A gave it new name Nga My. Within months, the base became the party's headquarters, dubbed the Nga My War Zone.

Despite his role as party leader and responsibility for designing the political ideology, Lý Đông A was said to have never appeared at public meetings. The person considered to be the leader in reality was Nghiêm Xuân Hồng.

From 1942 to 1943, Lý Đông A still remained in exile and even served time in prison in Kunming along with several other nationalist revolutionaries as Nguyễn Tường Tam, Nghiêm Kế Tổ... They agreed to form an open political party in Vietnam, but as a semi-legal representative of the Vietnam National Restoration League, which had been banned under Indochinese law because of its longstanding anti-French stance. After the Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina, Daiviet Populist Revolutionary Party has temporarily joined the Daiviet National Alliance,^{[note 2]} a political grouping of the Daiviet National Socialist Party modeled after the Popular Front. Although the organization had a large number of political parties, in reality only Daiviet National Socialist Party and Daiviet Populist Revolutionary Party were active, because most of Vietnamese politicians "hated Japan as much as France".^{[note 3]}

When the Empire of Vietnam was dissolved in August 30, 1945, Daiviet Populist Revolutionary Party continued to operate as the legal representative of the Vietnam National Restoration League in Vietnam to avoid the scandal of "having collaborated with the Japanese". It joined unofficially the National Union Front^{[note 4]} of nationalist parties. The National Union Front and League for Independence of Vietnam soon became rivals in building the Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Daiviet Populist Revolutionary Party was also a member of the Vietnam Revolutionary League,^{[note 5]} an organization by Nguyễn Hải Thần that had in fact completely replaced the Vietnam National Restoration League since 1945, but due to its internal instability and many other reasons it did not participate much in politics. By 1946, the Vietnam Revolutionary League also officially joined the National Union Front. This event strengthened the nationalist forces, thus causing concern among the Việt Minh leaders.

On September 5, 1945, Võ Nguyên Giáp was authorized to sign Decree 08^[4] on behalf of the President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam to dissolve Daiviet National Socialist Party and Daiviet Nationalist Party. These two parties were the de facto core of two nationalist fronts opposing Việt Minh. Although the decree was only symbolic, it actually opened a period of brutal struggle between Vietnamese political organizations in the area of Hanoi from 1945 until early 1947.

During this chaotic period, Lý Đông A decided to bring the Daiviet Populist Revolutionary Party to Hòa Bình to consolidate their war zone. Populist Party clashed three times with Việt Minh forces during the three years.

• Battle at Nga-my hill (1945): By 1945–1946, Đại Việt Duy Dân had clashed Viet Minh in many bloody battles.
• Battle at Hoa-binh province (1946): In the Hòa Bình Province battle they were vanquished by Viet Minh in 1946.
• The death of Lý Đông-a (1947): The founder, Lý Đông A, was kidnapped in 1947 and disappeared at Mai Đà Wharf.^[5]

After the organization was disbanded, some of the remaining members soon moved to Hà Nội and Hải Phòng early before the 1954 exodus. In 1953, when the Personalist Labor Revolutionary Party was founded in Hanoi, its founder Ngô Đình Nhu recruited a number of people from this party to form a political research and ideological design group. That is why Thắng Nghĩa Học Hội ("Thắng Nghĩa" study association) was re-established. However, this group of scholars quickly became dissatisfied with the policies of the First Republic regime and were gradually seen as opposing the government. Many were arrested.

In the times of post November 1 Revolutionary, Thắng Nghĩa Học Hội was re-established a second time. However, the group of Duy Dân scholars only attempted to restore Lý Đông A's legacy through the publication of books. The organization continued to follow its former members to the United States after 1975 and exists today, but no longer includes political functions.

• Motto : One thinking, one command (Một chủ nghĩa, một chỉ huy)
• Anthem : Spirit of the country (Hồn nước)
• Leader : Phan Bội Châu

• 
  The autograph...
• 
  ... of leader Lý Đông A.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Daiviet Populist Revolutionary Party.

• Daiviet Nationalist Party
• Vietnam Nationalist Party
• Personalist Labor Revolutionary Party

• Lý Đông A, Ký trình: Ngày giờ đã khẩn cấp!, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China, 1943.
• Lý Đông A, Tuyên ngôn ngày thành lập Việt Duy Dân Đảng, Hoa-Binh, Tonkin, Indochina, 1943.
• Guillemot, François (2012) [2009]. "Penser le nationalisme révolutionnaire au Việt Nam : Identités politiques et itinéraires singuliers à la recherche d'une hypothétique « Troisième voie »". Moussons (13–14) (online ed.): 174–184. doi:10.4000/moussons.1043.
• Nguyễn Mạnh Hùng, ed. (2022). Đảng phái quốc gia Việt Nam 1945–1954, Lời kể của nhân chứng: Đại Việt Duy Dân Đảng. Vietnam-America Research and Education Fund. ISBN 9798765540800.
• Masaya Shiraishi (author) & Ngô Bắc (translator), Việt Nam Kiến Quốc Quân và cuộc khởi nghĩa năm 1940 (Nation-Building Army of Viet-Nam and the 1940 Revolt), December 21, 2009.
• Ernest Ming-tak Leung (author) & Ngọc Giao (translator), Trường đại-học kiến-thiết tương-lai Á-châu (The school that built Asia), Hanoi, Vietnam, 2022.

• Học hội Thắng Nghĩa
• The crime of Viet Minh at Nga My hill in 1945
• The revolutionary force of Viet people
• The bloody flowers