List of wars involving Tunisia

This is a list of wars involving the Republic of Tunisia and its predecessor states.

Hafsid dynasty (1229–1574)

Conflict	Allie(s)	Enemie(s)	Result
Eighth Crusade (1270)	Hafsid dynasty	Kingdom of France	Hafsid Victory Treaty of Tunis Death of Louis IX Opening of trade with Tunis Withdrawal of the Crusaders from Tunisia
Battle of Temzezdekt (1327)	Hafsid dynasty	Kingdom of Tlemcen	Defeat Zayyanid Victory
Battle of er-Rias (1329)	Hafsid dynasty	Kingdom of Tlemcen	Defeat Zayyanid Victory
Capture of Tunis (1329) (1329)	Hafsid dynasty	Kingdom of Tlemcen	Defeat Tunis becomes a vassal of the Zayyanids until May 1330
Siege of Béjaïa (1326-1329) (1326-1329)	Hafsid dynasty	Kingdom of Tlemcen	Victory Zayyanids failed to capture Bejaïa
Barbary Crusade (1390)	Hafsid dynasty Kingdom of Tlemcen	Republic of Genoa Kingdom of France	Victory Crusader withdrawal.
Bona crusade (1399)	Sultanate of Tunis	Crown of Aragon	Victory Aragonese armies retreat. Peace Treaty with Crown of Aragon.
Siege of Malta (1429)	Hafsid dynasty	Kingdom of Sicily Malta	Withdrawal Looting of Maltese cities.
Capture of Béjaïa (1510) (1510)	Hafsids of Béjaïa	Ottoman Empire Spain	Defeat Béjaïa lost to the Spanish.
Conquest of Tunis (1534)	Hafsid dynasty	Ottoman Empire	Defeat Tunis under Ottoman rule.
Conquest of Tunis (1535)	Ottoman Empire	Hafsid dynasty Spain	Defeat Tunis under Spanish rule.^[1]
Conquest of Tunis (1574)	Hafsid dynasty Spain	Ottoman Empire	Defeat Tunis back under Ottoman rule.

Ottoman Tunis (1574–1705)

Conflict	Allie(s)	Enemie(s)	Result
Morean War (1684–1699)	Ottoman Empire Eyalet of Egypt Eyalet of Tripolitania	Republic of Venice Knights of Malta Duchy of Savoy	Defeat Morea ceded to Venice; Venetian gains in inland Dalmatia
Tunisian–Algerian War (1694)	Eyalet of Tunis	Deylik of Algiers Support: Pashalik of Tripolitania	Defeat Muradid Defeat Occupation Of the Regency of Tunis
Maghrebi war (1699–1702)	Eyalet of Tunis Sultanate of Morocco Pashalik of Tripoli (1699–1700)	Deylik of Algiers Pashalik of Tripoli (1700–1702)	Defeat Algerian ambitions halted Morocco fails to expand Fall of the Muradid dynasty

Beylik of Tunis (1705–1881)

Conflict	Allie(s)	Enemie(s)	Result
Tunisian Civil War (1675–1705)	Pasha Party	Husainid Party	Defeat of the Muradid party. Proclamation of the Husainid dynasty
Tunisian-Algerian War (1735) (1735) Part of the Tunisian-Algerian Wars	Ottoman Tunisia	Regency of Algiers	Algerian victory Capture of Tunis^[2] Tunis becomes a part of Algiers^[3]^[4] Tunis becomes a vassal of Algiers^[3]^[4]
Tunisian-Algerian War (1756) (1756)	Tunis Malta	Algiers	Algerian victory Capture of Tunis^[5] Tunis becomes a tributary of Algiers^[6]^[7] Tunis recognises the suzerainty of the Dey of Algiers^[6] Tunis becomes a tributary of Algiers and recognises Algerian suzerainty for more than 50 years^[6]^[7]
Tunisian-Venetian War (1784–1792)	Beylik of Tunis	Republic of Venice	Victory Tunisia victory. Republic of Venice pays huge compensation to Tunisia.
1793–95 Tripolitanian Civil War (1793–1795)	Karamanli dynasty supporters Beylik of Tunis	Tripolitania Eyalet	Victory Karamanli dynasty restored to the throne of Tripolitania Weakening of Ottoman rule over Tripolitania
Tunisian-Algerian War (1807) (1807)	Beylik of Tunis	Deylik of Algiers Beylik of Constantine	Victory Tunisian victory. Complete liberation from the guardianship of The Dey of Algeria Stabilization of the border
Greek War of Independence (1821–1829^[8]) Part of the revolutions during the 1820s	Ottoman Empire Supported by: Egypt Regency of Algiers Tripolitania Tunis Danubian Sich	Greek Revolutionaries In detail: Klephts Armatoloi Filiki Eteria ^{[nb 1]} Sacred Band ^{[nb 1]} Messenian Senate ^{[nb 1]} Peloponnesian Senate ^{[nb 2]} Senate of Western Continental Greece ^{[nb 2]} Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece ^{[nb 2]} Temporary regime of Crete Military-Political System of Samos After 1822: First Hellenic Republic Military support: Philhellenes Carbonari revolutionaries^[9] Serbian revolutionaries Romanian revolutionaries^{[nb 3]} Russian Empire^{[nb 4]} Kingdom of France^{[nb 4]} United Kingdom^{[nb 4]} Diplomatic support: Haiti^{[nb 5]} United States	Greek victory^[a] Independence of Greece The Peloponnese, Saronic Islands, Cyclades, Sporades and Continental Greece ceded to the independent Greek state Crete ceded to Egypt
Crimean War (1853–1856) Part of the Scramble for Africa	Ottoman Empire France^[b] United Kingdom^[b] Sardinia^[c]	Russia Greece^[d]	Allied victory Russia loses the Danube Delta and Southern Bessarabia
Mejba Revolt (1864-1865)	Tunisia Support: France Britain Ottoman Empire	Tunisian rebels Rahmaniyya	Victory of Tunisia
Conquest of Tunisia (1881) Part of the Scramble for Africa	Tunisia	France	French victory Tunisia becomes a French protectorate

French Tunisia (1881-1956)

Conflict	Allie(s)	Enemie(s)	Result
Tunisian campaign (1942-1943) Part of the North African campaign of the Second World War	United Kingdom India Newfoundland^[10] United States Free France Australia^[11] New Zealand South Africa^[12] Greece	Italy Germany	Allied victory Tunisia returns to French administration

Republic of Tunisia (1956-present)

Conflict	Allie(s)	Enemie(s)	Result
Bizerte Crisis (1961) Part of the decolonisation of Africa and the spillover of the Algerian War	Tunisia	France	French victory Evacuation of the Bizerte base on 15 October 1963
October War (1973) Part of the Arab–Israeli conflict and the Cold War	Egypt Syria Expeditionary forces Saudi Arabia^[13] Algeria^[14] Jordan Libya Iraq Kuwait^[15] Tunisia Morocco^[16] Cuba North Korea^[17]^[18]	Israel	Defeat^[19] At the final ceasefire: Egyptian forces held 1,200 km² (460 sq mi) on the eastern bank of the canal.^[20] Israeli forces held 1,600 km² (620 sq mi) on the western bank of the canal.^[21] Israeli forces held 500 km² (193 sq mi) of the Syrian Bashan region of the Golan Heights.
1980 Gafsa Uprising (1980) Part of the Cold War and the Arab Cold War	Tunisia Supported by: United States Sixth Fleet^[22] France Morocco	Arab Nationalist Rebels Supported by: Libya Algeria^[23]	Tunisian governmental victory
Battle of Wazzin (2011) Part of the 2011 Nafusa Mountains Campaign	Anti-Gaddafi forces National Liberation Army Tunisia^[24] Tunisian Army Tunisian Police	Libyan Arab Jamahiriya	Anti-Gaddafi victory Loyalist forces occasionally shelled the crossing for months afterward. Fighting ongoing after the Libyan Army clashes with the Tunisian Army Rebel forces capture Wazzin on 21 April. Loyalist forces retake the border crossing on 28 April. Rebels retake Wazzin on 4 May^[25]
Chaambi Operations (2012–2019) Part of the insurgency in the Maghreb	Tunisia	Ansar al-Sharia AQIM Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade	Tunisian victory^[26] Tunisian National Guard eliminates Okba Ibn Nafaa commanders on 28 March 2015 and continues to eliminate many more afterwards. Declaration of certain mountain areas as military locked zones that require prior authorization to enter for non-military entities.
Raoued Operation (2014) Part of the Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)	Tunisia	Ansar al-Sharia	Tunisian victory
ISIL insurgency in Tunisia (2015–2022) Part of the spillover of the Second Libyan Civil War, the Arab Winter, War on Terror and War against the Islamic State	Tunisia Tunisian National Guard Tunisian Army Tunisian Police	Islamic State Islamic State – Libya Province Islamic State – Algeria Province^[27] Islamic State – Tunisia Province Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade Ansar al-Sharia (only in March 2016)^[28]	Tunisian victory

Notes and references

Notes

^ London Protocol (1830),
London Conference of 1832,
Treaty of Constantinople (1832)
^ ^a ^b From 1854
^ From 1855
^ Until 1854

^ ^a ^b ^c Only in 1821
^ ^a ^b ^c From 1821–1823.
^ From 1821.
^ ^a ^b ^c From 1826.
^ Haiti was the first nation to recognize the independence of Greece.

References

^ History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey Ezel Kural Shaw
^ The Muslim World: A Historical Survey, Part 3. Bertold Spuler. E. J. Brill.
^ ^a ^b Histoire d'Alger sous la domination turque (1515-1830). H. D. de Grammont. E. Leroux.
^ ^a ^b Chronique des beys de Constantine. Mouloud Gaïd. Office des publications universitaires.
^ Europe in the Eighteenth Century 1713-1789. M.S. Anderson. Routledge.
^ ^a ^b ^c Histoire de L'Afrique: L'Afrique précoloniale, 1500-1900. Robert Cornevin. “En 1756, Tunis sera envahie par les troupes d'Alger et durant un demisiècle les bey hocainites devront payer un tribut annuel et reconnaître la suzeraineté d'Alger”
^ ^a ^b Le Maghreb avant la prise d'Alger, 1790-1830. Lucette Valensi. Flammarion.
^ Note: Greece officially adopted the Gregorian calendar on 16 February 1923 (which became 1 March). All dates prior to that, unless specifically denoted, are Old Style.
^ Sakalis, Alex (25 March 2021). "The Italians Who Fought for Greek Independence". Italics Magazine. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
^ Higgins, Jenny (2007). "Royal Artillery". Newfoundland Heritage Web Site.
^ "Tunisian Campaign".
^ "Tunisian Campaign 1943 – South African Legion – United Kingdom & Europe".
^ O'Ballance (1979), pp. 201.
^ Shazly (2003), p. 278.
^ Rabinovich (2004), pp. 464–465.
^ Mahjoub Tobji (2006). Les officiers de Sa Majesté: Les dérives des généraux marocains 1956–2006 (in French). Fayard. p. 107. ISBN 978-2-213-63015-1.
^ Shazly (2003), pp. 83–84.
^ Cenciotti, David. "Israeli F-4s Actually Fought North Korean MiGs During the Yom Kippur War". Business Insider.
^
References:
- Herzog, The War of Atonement, Little, Brown and Company, 1975. Forward
- Insight Team of the London Sunday Times, Yom Kippur War, Doubleday and Company, Inc, 1974, page 450
- Luttwak and Horowitz, The Israeli Army. Cambridge, MA, Abt Books, 1983
- Rabinovich, The Yom Kippur War, Schocken Books, 2004. Page 498
- 0-313-31302-4&lr=#v=onepage&q=&f=false Revisiting The Yom Kippur War, P.R. Kumaraswamy, pages 1–2
- Johnson and Tierney, Failing To Win, Perception of Victory and Defeat in International Politics. Page 177
- Charles Liebman, The Myth of Defeat: The Memory of the Yom Kippur war in Israeli Society Middle Eastern Studies, Vol 29, No. 3, July 1993. Published by Frank Cass, London. Page 411.
^ Rabinovich (2004), p. 467.
^ Morris (2011), p. 437.
^ Les trois décennies Bourguiba : témoignage
^ اليوم ذكرى أحداث قفصة (27 جانفي 1980):هل حاول «القذافي» «الثأر» ل«الوحدة الموؤودة» ؟ Archived 2021-11-16 at the Wayback Machine
^ Tarek Amara (29 April 2011). "Pro-Gaddafi forces clash with Tunisian military". Reuters.
^ "Libyan Rebels Hang on to Strategic Border Crossing". NPR.
^ "Tunisie : L'armée bombarde les sites de terroristes au Jebel Chaambi". 2 December 2019.
^ "Tunesia, 18 March 2018". Global Terrorism Database. 18 March 2015. Archived from the original on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
^ "As fighters return, Tunisia faces growing challenge". Reuters. 24 May 2016. Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2018.

Ian Fletcher and Natalia Ishchenko, The Crimean War: A Clash of Empires, Staplehurst Kent, 2004, p.159
Laurence Oliphant: The Trans-Caucasian Campaign of the Turkish Army Under Omer Pasha, London, 1856
Randier La Royale Editions Babouji 2006, ISBN 2-35261-022-2
TIME: The Wages of Moderation (Jul. 28, 1961)
Leaders: Crimée-Tunisie: le souvenir du contingent de 15 000 soldats de l'armée beylicale (13.03.2014)

[15] London Protocol (1830),
London Conference of 1832,
Treaty of Constantinople (1832)

[from1854-16] From 1854

[from1855-17] From 1855

[until1854-18] Until 1854

[one-9] Only in 1821

[two-10] From 1821–1823.

[three-12] From 1821.

[four-13] From 1826.

[five-14] Haiti was the first nation to recognize the independence of Greece.

[books.google.com-1] History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey Ezel Kural Shaw

[Brill-2] The Muslim World: A Historical Survey, Part 3. Bertold Spuler. E. J. Brill.

[Grammont-3] Histoire d'Alger sous la domination turque (1515-1830). H. D. de Grammont. E. Leroux.

[Gaid-4] Chronique des beys de Constantine. Mouloud Gaïd. Office des publications universitaires.

[Anderson-5] Europe in the Eighteenth Century 1713-1789. M.S. Anderson. Routledge.

[Cornevin-6] Histoire de L'Afrique: L'Afrique précoloniale, 1500-1900. Robert Cornevin. “En 1756, Tunis sera envahie par les troupes d'Alger et durant un demisiècle les bey hocainites devront payer un tribut annuel et reconnaître la suzeraineté d'Alger”

[Valensi-7] Le Maghreb avant la prise d'Alger, 1790-1830. Lucette Valensi. Flammarion.

[8] Note: Greece officially adopted the Gregorian calendar on 16 February 1923 (which became 1 March). All dates prior to that, unless specifically denoted, are Old Style.

[11] Sakalis, Alex (25 March 2021). "The Italians Who Fought for Greek Independence". Italics Magazine. Retrieved 15 September 2022.

[19] Higgins, Jenny (2007). "Royal Artillery". Newfoundland Heritage Web Site.

[20] "Tunisian Campaign".

[21] "Tunisian Campaign 1943 – South African Legion – United Kingdom & Europe".

[FOOTNOTEO'Ballance1979201-22] O'Ballance (1979), pp. 201.

[FOOTNOTEShazly2003278-23] Shazly (2003), p. 278.

[FOOTNOTERabinovich2004464–465-24] Rabinovich (2004), pp. 464–465.

[tobji-25] Mahjoub Tobji (2006). Les officiers de Sa Majesté: Les dérives des généraux marocains 1956–2006 (in French). Fayard. p. 107. ISBN 978-2-213-63015-1.

[FOOTNOTEShazly200383–84-26] Shazly (2003), pp. 83–84.

[david2013-27] Cenciotti, David. "Israeli F-4s Actually Fought North Korean MiGs During the Yom Kippur War". Business Insider.

[28] References:
Herzog, The War of Atonement, Little, Brown and Company, 1975. Forward

Insight Team of the London Sunday Times, Yom Kippur War, Doubleday and Company, Inc, 1974, page 450

Luttwak and Horowitz, The Israeli Army. Cambridge, MA, Abt Books, 1983

Rabinovich, The Yom Kippur War, Schocken Books, 2004. Page 498

0-313-31302-4&lr=#v=onepage&q=&f=false Revisiting The Yom Kippur War, P.R. Kumaraswamy, pages 1–2

Johnson and Tierney, Failing To Win, Perception of Victory and Defeat in International Politics. Page 177

Charles Liebman, The Myth of Defeat: The Memory of the Yom Kippur war in Israeli Society Middle Eastern Studies, Vol 29, No. 3, July 1993. Published by Frank Cass, London. Page 411.

[29] Herzog, The War of Atonement, Little, Brown and Company, 1975. Forward

[30] Insight Team of the London Sunday Times, Yom Kippur War, Doubleday and Company, Inc, 1974, page 450

[31] Luttwak and Horowitz, The Israeli Army. Cambridge, MA, Abt Books, 1983

[32] Rabinovich, The Yom Kippur War, Schocken Books, 2004. Page 498

[33] 0-313-31302-4&lr=#v=onepage&q=&f=false Revisiting The Yom Kippur War, P.R. Kumaraswamy, pages 1–2

[34] Johnson and Tierney, Failing To Win, Perception of Victory and Defeat in International Politics. Page 177

[35] Charles Liebman, The Myth of Defeat: The Memory of the Yom Kippur war in Israeli Society Middle Eastern Studies, Vol 29, No. 3, July 1993. Published by Frank Cass, London. Page 411.

[FOOTNOTERabinovich2004467-29] Rabinovich (2004), p. 467.

[FOOTNOTEMorris2011437-30] Morris (2011), p. 437.

[31] Les trois décennies Bourguiba : témoignage

[مولد_تلقائيا2-32] اليوم ذكرى أحداث قفصة (27 جانفي 1980):هل حاول «القذافي» «الثأر» ل«الوحدة الموؤودة» ؟ Archived 2021-11-16 at the Wayback Machine

[Amara-33] Tarek Amara (29 April 2011). "Pro-Gaddafi forces clash with Tunisian military". Reuters.

[34] "Libyan Rebels Hang on to Strategic Border Crossing". NPR.

[kapit-35] "Tunisie : L'armée bombarde les sites de terroristes au Jebel Chaambi". 2 December 2019.

[18_March_2015-36] "Tunesia, 18 March 2018". Global Terrorism Database. 18 March 2015. Archived from the original on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018.

[37] "As fighters return, Tunisia faces growing challenge". Reuters. 24 May 2016. Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2018.

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Lists of wars involving African countries
Sovereign states	Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
States with limited recognition	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Somaliland
Dependencies and other territories	Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain) Madeira (Portugal) Mayotte / Réunion (France) Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)

Hafsid dynasty (1229–1574)

Ottoman Tunis (1574–1705)

Beylik of Tunis (1705–1881)

French Tunisia (1881-1956)

Republic of Tunisia (1956-present)

See also

Notes and references

Notes

References