List of wars involving Mozambique

The following is a list of wars involving Mozambique.

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
Battle of Ngomano (25 November 1917^[1])	Portugal Mozambique	Germany East Africa	German victory
Mozambican War of Independence (1964–1975)	FRELIMO	Portugal	Lusaka Accord Military stalemate FRELIMO political victory Ceasefire following the Carnation Revolution Independence of Mozambique Mozambican Civil War begins
Rhodesian Bush War (1964–1979)	ZANU (ZANLA)^[2] ZAPU (ZIPRA) Mozambique^[3] ANC (MK)^[3] Zambia^[4]	Rhodesia (1964–1979) Zimbabwe Rhodesia (1979) Portugal (1964–1974)^[a] South Africa (from 1967)^[5]	Lancaster House Agreement Rhodesia disestablished; Zimbabwe gains internationally recognised independence in its place.
Mozambican Civil War (1977^[6]–1992)	Mozambique (People's Republic until 1990) FRELIMO UNAMO (1988–1992)^[7] ZANU (until 1979) Zimbabwe (from 1980) Soviet Union Tanzania Malawi (from 1987)^[8]	RENAMO PRM (until 1982) UNAMO (1987–1988)^[7] COREMO^[9] UNIPOMO^[10] FUMO^[10] Rhodesia (until 1979)^[11] Flechas^[10] South Africa (from 1978)^[12]	Stalemate Rome General Peace Accords, multiparty elections in 1994
Uganda–Tanzania War (1978–1979)	Tanzania Uganda National Liberation Front Kikosi Maalum Front for National Salvation Save Uganda Movement Others Mozambique Supported by: Zambia Angola Ethiopia Algeria	Uganda Libya Palestine Liberation Organization Supported by: Pakistan Saudi Arabia	Tanzanian victory Collapse of the Second Republic of Uganda
RENAMO Insurgency (2013–2021)	Mozambique	RENAMO (until 2019) RENAMO Military Junta (from 2019)	The Peace agreement was signed between opposing factions on 1 August 2019^[13] Most RENAMO rebels lay down arms soon afterward A splinter faction, the RENAMO Military Junta (RMJ), continued its insurgency until 2021
Insurgency in Cabo Delgado (2017– present)	Mozambique Rwanda (from 2021)^[14] Southern African Development Community (from 2021) South Africa Botswana Lesotho Tanzania Angola Zambia Malawi DRC Namibia	Ansar al-Sunna Islamic State Bandits^[15]	Ongoing (Map of the current military situation) Mozambican and Rwandan troops launch counteroffensive, taking back many towns and cities

Notes and references

Notes

^ Portuguese forces assisted the Rhodesians in cross-border operations into Portuguese Mozambique. See Operation Flotilla and Operation Birch.

References

^ Downes 1919, p. 179.
^ Norman 2003, p. 65.
^ ^a ^b Thomas 1995, pp. 16–17.
^ "'Da mu nisam 'sredio' susret s Titom, Mugabe nikad ne bi priznao Hrvatsku': prekaljeni diplomat Frane Krnić za 'Slobodnu' otkrio svoje veze s nedavno preminulim liderom Zimbabvea". Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). 17 September 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
^ Houser, George M. Rhodesia To Zimbabwe: A Chronology. New York: The Africa Fund, 1977, p. 7: ZAPU and the African National Congress of South Africa jointly began an armed struggle in northwestern Rhodesia centered in Wankie. This campaign lasted into 1968, with several hundred ZAPU and South African ANC guerrillas involved. South African troops entered Rhodesia to support the government. Prime Minister Vorster said: "We are good friends (with Rhodesia) and good friends know what their duty is when the neighbour's house is on fire."
^ "Mozambique: Civil war | Mass Atrocity Endings".
^ ^a ^b Emerson (2014), p. 163.
^ Arnold, Guy (2016). Wars in the Third World Since 1945. Oxford: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. pp. 211–213. ISBN 978-14742-9102-6.
^ Banks & Muller (1998), p. 635.
^ ^a ^b ^c Seegers (2018), Section: Independent Mozambique and the Role of the Armed Forces.
^ Schwartz, Stephanie (2010). Youth and Post-conflict Reconstruction: Agents of Change. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press. pp. 34–38. ISBN 978-1601270498.
^ War and Society: The Militarisation of South Africa, edited by Jacklyn Cock and Laurie Nathan, pp.104-115
^ "Mozambique's former civil war foes sign landmark peace deal". August 2019. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021.
^ "Rwanda Sends 1,000 Soldiers, Police to Fight Mozambique Militants". Voice of America. 9 July 2021.
^ "Beheadings, kidnappings amid surge in Mozambique attacks: UN". Al Jazeera. 7 February 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.

[5] Portuguese forces assisted the Rhodesians in cross-border operations into Portuguese Mozambique. See Operation Flotilla and Operation Birch.

[1] Downes 1919, p. 179.

[FOOTNOTENorman200365-2] Norman 2003, p. 65.

[FOOTNOTEThomas199516–17-3] Thomas 1995, pp. 16–17.

[Slobodna_Dalmacija-4] "'Da mu nisam 'sredio' susret s Titom, Mugabe nikad ne bi priznao Hrvatsku': prekaljeni diplomat Frane Krnić za 'Slobodnu' otkrio svoje veze s nedavno preminulim liderom Zimbabvea". Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). 17 September 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2020.

[6] Houser, George M. Rhodesia To Zimbabwe: A Chronology. New York: The Africa Fund, 1977, p. 7: ZAPU and the African National Congress of South Africa jointly began an armed struggle in northwestern Rhodesia centered in Wankie. This campaign lasted into 1968, with several hundred ZAPU and South African ANC guerrillas involved. South African troops entered Rhodesia to support the government. Prime Minister Vorster said: "We are good friends (with Rhodesia) and good friends know what their duty is when the neighbour's house is on fire."

[7] "Mozambique: Civil war | Mass Atrocity Endings".

[FOOTNOTEEmerson2014163-8] Emerson (2014), p. 163.

[Arnold-9] Arnold, Guy (2016). Wars in the Third World Since 1945. Oxford: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. pp. 211–213. ISBN 978-14742-9102-6.

[FOOTNOTEBanksMuller1998635-10] Banks & Muller (1998), p. 635.

[FOOTNOTESeegers2018Section:_Independent_Mozambique_and_the_Role_of_the_Armed_Forces-11] Seegers (2018), Section: Independent Mozambique and the Role of the Armed Forces.

[Schwartz-12] Schwartz, Stephanie (2010). Youth and Post-conflict Reconstruction: Agents of Change. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press. pp. 34–38. ISBN 978-1601270498.

[Mozambique-13] War and Society: The Militarisation of South Africa, edited by Jacklyn Cock and Laurie Nathan, pp.104-115

[endofconflict-14] "Mozambique's former civil war foes sign landmark peace deal". August 2019. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021.

[Voice_of_America-15] "Rwanda Sends 1,000 Soldiers, Police to Fight Mozambique Militants". Voice of America. 9 July 2021.

[jazeera-16] "Beheadings, kidnappings amid surge in Mozambique attacks: UN". Al Jazeera. 7 February 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.

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Lists of wars involving African countries
Sovereign states	Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
States with limited recognition	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Somaliland
Dependencies and other territories	Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain) Madeira (Portugal) Mayotte / Réunion (France) Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)