List of wars involving Cameroon

This is a list of wars and conflicts involving the Republic of Cameroon and its previous states.

Pre-Colonial Cameroon (Before 1882)

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Head of State Losses
Fulani War
(1804 – 1808) 		Sokoto Caliphate
Support:
Sultanate of Aïr
Sokoto victory
Usman dan Fodio
(Sultan of Sokoto)
 Unknown

Colonial Cameroon (1882–1961)

British 12-pounder firing at Fort Dachang in 1915.
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Head of State Losses
Kamerun campaign
(1914 – 1916) 		 Germany British Empire

 France

Belgium Belgium

Allied victory
Wilhelm II
(Emperor of Germany)
 c. 5,000 soldiers killed[1]
Cameroon War
(1955 – 1964) 		Independence War Phase (1955–1960)
France (1955–1960)

Civil War Phase (1960–1964)
Federal Republic of Cameroon
France

Union of the Peoples of Cameroon
Supported by:
People's Socialist Republic of Albania[2] 		Government's victory
  • Cameroonian Independence through the establishment of a Pro-French Regime under Ahmadou Ahidjo
  • Defeat of UPC insurgents
  • Continued clashes until 1971
 Before 1960
René Coty
(President of France)
(1955–1959)
Charles de Gaulle
(President of France)
(1959–1960)
After 1960
Ahmadou Ahidjo
(President of Cameroon)
 61,300 – 76,300 civilians killed[3]

Republic of Cameroon (1961–Present)

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Head of State Losses
First Bakassi insurgency
(2006–2018) 		Cameroon Democratic Republic of Bakassi
Niger Delta militias
Pro-Nigerian militias 		Victory
  • Most militants surrendered in 2009
Paul Biya
(President of Cameroon)
 Unknown
Central African Republic Civil War
(2012 – Present)
Formerly:
South Africa (2013)
MISCA (2013–2014)
MICOPAX (2008–2013)
France (2013–2021)[10]
EUFOR RCA
(2014–2015)
PRNC
CMSPR (since 2024)[11]
Support:
Defunct groups:
Séléka (2012–2014)
RJ (2013–2018)
MNLC (2017–2019)
MLCJ (2008–2022)
RPRC (2014–2022)

UPC (2014–2025)
3R (2015–2025)

Ongoing
  • Séléka rebel coalition takes power from François Bozizé.[13]
  • Michel Djotodia, the leader of Séléka, becomes president
  • President Michel Djotodia abolishes Séléka
  • Low-level fighting between Ex-Séléka factions and Anti-balaka militias.[14]
  • President Michel Djotodia resigns amid heavy international pressure. Interim government is formed
  • Elections conducted in 2016 with Faustin-Archange Touadéra becoming the president
  • De facto split between ex-Séléka factions controlled north and east and Anti-balaka controlled south and west with a Séléka faction declaring the Republic of Logone.[15]
  • Fighting between Ex-Séléka factions FPRC and UPC.
  • Ex-president Bozizé merges all rebel groups and forms the Coalition of Patriots for Change.
  • Elections in 2021 with Touadéra being re-elected as president.
Paul Biya
(President of Cameroon)
 Unknown
Boko Haram insurgency
(2012 – Present) 		Nigeria
Supported by:

Supported by:

Ongoing (Map of the current military situation) Unknown
Anglophone Crisis
(2017 – Present) 		Cameroon Ambazonia Ongoing 120+[62]
Pro-Biafran insurgency in Bakassi
(2021–present) 		Cameroon
Nigeria 		Republic of Biafra BNL
Niger Delta militias (from 2025) 		Ongoing
Paul Biya
(President of Cameroon)
 Unknown

Ambazonia Crisis (2017- Present)

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Head of State Losses
Battle of Batibo
(March 3, 2018[63]) 		Cameroon Ambazonia Indecisive
Paul Biya
(President of Cameroon)
 Unknown
Ndop prison break
(July 28, 2018[64]) 		Cameroon Ambazonia Ambazonian victory
Paul Biya
(President of Cameroon)
 unknown
Wum prison break
(September 25, 2018) 		Cameroon Ambazonia Ambazonian victory
Paul Biya
(President of Cameroon)
 Unknown
Operation Free Bafut
(26 April – May 1, 2020[65]) 		Cameroon Ambazonia Armed separatists weakened but not expelled entirely from Bafut
Paul Biya
(President of Cameroon)
 Unknown
Operation Bamenda Clean
(8 September 2020[66] – present) 		Cameroon Ambazonia Ongoing
Paul Biya
(President of Cameroon)
 Unknown
Operation Bui Clean
(May – June 2021) 		Cameroon Ambazonia Cameroon claims Victory
  • Ambazonia forces remain a strong presence
Paul Biya
(President of Cameroon)
 Unknown
September 2021 Bamessing ambush
(September 16, 2021) 		Cameroon Ambazonia Ambazonian victory
Paul Biya
(President of Cameroon)
 15
Battle of Bambui
(July 31, 2022) 		Cameroon Ambazonia Cameroonian victory
Paul Biya
(President of Cameroon)
 26

Notes

  1. ^ The exact origin of Ansaru is unclear, but it had already existed as Boko Haram faction[52] before officially announcing its foundation as separate group on 1 January 2012.[52][53][54] The group had no known military presence in Nigeria from 2015, but several of its members appear to be still active. The group appear allied with rag-tag factions in the Nigerian bandit conflict and were recently behind the Abuja–Kaduna train attack[55]
  2. ^ Following Mohammed Yusuf's death, Boko Haram splintered into numerous factions which no longer operated under a unified leadership. Though Abubakar Shekau eventually became the preeminent commander of the movement, he never really controlled all Boko Haram groups. Instead, the factions were loosely allied, but also occasionally clashed with each other.[59][60] This situation changed in 2015 when Shekau pledged allegiance to ISIL. Regardless, Shekau did never officially renounce his pledge of allegiance to ISIL as a whole; his forces are thus occasionally regarded as "second branch of ISWAP". Overall, the relation of Shekau with ISIL remains confused and ambiguous. In the Battle of Sambisa Forest of 2021 ISWAP fighters killed Shekau and al-Barnawi nominally remains head of ISWAP[61]

References

Citations

  1. ^ Erlikman 2004.
  2. ^ Teretta 2013, pp. 178–179.
  3. ^ a b Rwanda deploys troops to CAR under bilateral arrangement Archived 4 November 2023 at the Wayback Machine, The East African, 22 December 2020. Accessed 28 December 2020.
  4. ^ "Central African troops and Russian mercenaries accused of abuses in anti-rebel offensive". The New Humanitarian. 29 April 2021. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
  5. ^ Sahinkaya, Ezel; Galperovich, Danila (9 May 2020). "Radical Russian Imperial Movement Expanding Global Outreach". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  6. ^ L'incroyable constellation des groupes armés en Centrafrique Archived 29 July 2023 at the Wayback Machine, 27 July 2023
  7. ^ Ndeke Luka, Ndeke Luka (2 May 2024). "Centrafrique : des miliciens A Zandé Ani Kpi Gbé intègrent les rangs des Faca à Obo". radiondekeluka.org. Radio Ndeke Luka. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
  8. ^ "Morocco has deployed 762 blue helmets in the MINUSCA, who, he said, have succeeded in establishing bonds of trust with local populations regardless of their religious affiliations, said Bourita". Morocco expresses full support for Central African Republic Peace Agreement. The North Africa Post. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  9. ^ France suspends military, budgetary support to Central African Republic Archived 20 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine, 8 June 2021
  10. ^ Centrafrica, Centrafrica (25 November 2024). "La rébellion d'Armel SAYO attaque un poste des FACA à Boulo". centrafrica.com. Centrafrica. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
  11. ^ "Sudan paramilitary funnelling weapons into Central African Republic, UN report reveals". 9 August 2019. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  12. ^ Looting and gunfire in captured CAR capital Archived 24 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Al Jazeera.com (25 March 2013). Retrieved 17 April 2013.
  13. ^ 26 villagers killed by militants in Central African Republic Archived 23 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine. NewsGhana.com.gh (22 November 2015). Retrieved 22 November 2015.
  14. ^ Central African rebel leader declares autonomous republic Archived 11 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Reuters (15 December 2015). Retrieved 15 December 2015.
  15. ^ Faced with Boko Haram, Cameroon weighs death penalty for terrorism. Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine By Tansa Musa, Reuters. YAOUNDE Wed 3 December 2014 9:56 am EST.
  16. ^ Chad armoured column heads for Cameroon to fight Boko Haram. Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine AFP for Yahoo! News, 16 January 2015 4:54 PM.
  17. ^ West Africa leaders vow to wage 'total war' on Boko Haram Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine By John Irish and Elizabeth Pineau. 17 May 2014 2:19 PM.
  18. ^ African Troops Free Dozens of Boko Haram Victims, Voice of America, Apr 10, 2021. Accessed April 11, 2021.
  19. ^ "Vigilantes Settle Local Scores With Boko Haram". Voice of America. 15 February 2015. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  20. ^ ICG (2018), pp. i, 4–8.
  21. ^ ICG (2018), pp. 5, 6.
  22. ^ ICG (2018), pp. i, 3, 7.
  23. ^ ICG (2018), p. 3.
  24. ^ Adama Nossiter (12 March 2015). "Mercenaries Join Nigeria's Military Campaign Against Boko Haram". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  25. ^ Colin Freeman (10 May 2015). "South African mercenaries' secret war on Boko Haram". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 18 March 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  26. ^ "Pro-Turkey Syria mercenaries head to Niger to earn cash". Agence France-Presse. 16 May 2024.
  27. ^ "After Libya and Azerbaijan.. Turkey leads a new "mercenary" campaign for Syrians in an African country in exchange for great financial temptations" (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 27 January 2024. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  28. ^ "Obama to deploy 300 US troops to Cameroon to fight Boko Haram | World news". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 14 October 2015. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
  29. ^ "US troops deployed to Cameroon for Boko Haram fight". Al Jazeera English. 14 October 2015. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
  30. ^ Andrew McGregor (8 May 2019). "Nigeria Seeks Russian Military Aid in its War on Boko Haram". Aberfoyle International Security. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
  31. ^ a b c Kidnapped schoolgirls: British experts to fly to Nigeria 'as soon as possible'. Archived 8 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine theguardian.com, Wednesday 7 May 2014 17.33 BST.
  32. ^ "British troops to help fight against Boko Haram as SAS target Isil". the Telegraph. 20 December 2014. Archived from the original on 11 February 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  33. ^ Union agrees to send 7,500 troops to fight Boko Haram in Nigeria . Mashable.com, 31 January 2015.
  34. ^ The African Union Readies an Army to Fight Boko Haram Archived 3 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Medium.com.
  35. ^ Hassan Ibrahim (13 May 2024). "Turkey recruits Syrians to fight in Africa under supervision of Sultan Murad Division". Enab Baladi.
  36. ^ "Consisting of 250 members.. Turkish intelligence is preparing the second batch of Syrian mercenaries to be sent to Niger" (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 5 May 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
  37. ^ Iaccino, Ludovica (5 December 2016). "Nigeria turns east: Russia and Pakistan now selling warplanes to help in Boko Haram fight". Archived from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  38. ^ "Nigerian Special Forces battalion completes training course in Pakistan". quwa.org. 8 June 2017. Archived from the original on 11 June 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  39. ^ Canada joins effort to free Nigerian schoolgirls. Archived 1 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine 14 May 2014 3:23 pm Updated: 15 May 2014 7:01 pm. By Murray Brewster, The Canadian Press
  40. ^ "Egypt Pledges To Support Nigeria in Fight Against Boko Haram • Channels Television". 30 May 2015. Archived from the original on 22 July 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  41. ^ "Boko Haram: Egypt assures Nigeria of support – The Nation Nigeria". 20 October 2015. Archived from the original on 22 July 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  42. ^ Israel sends experts to help hunt for Nigerian schoolgirls kidnapped by Islamists. Archived 10 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine The Jerusalem Post; 20 May 2014 18:03.
  43. ^ "Feeling the heat: West combats extremists' advance in Africa's deserts". CNN. 27 February 2015. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  44. ^ "Boko Haram: Obasanjo leads Colombian security experts to Buhari – Premium Times Nigeria". 12 October 2015. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  45. ^ "In Pictures: Lt. General Buratai visits Colombia". The NEWS. 25 January 2016. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  46. ^ Беларусь попала в ТОП-20 мировых лидеров по экспорту вооружений Archived 27 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine – Военно-политическое обозрение, 1 марта 2017
  47. ^ "Shekau Resurfaces, Accuses New Boko Haram Leader al-Barnawi of Attempted Coup". 360nobs. 4 August 2016. Archived from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  48. ^ Yinka Ibukun (26 March 2018). "Nigeria Turns to Dialogue to End 9-Year Islamist Insurgency". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  49. ^ "Everything We Know About Lakurawa, the New Terrorist Group in Nigeria". 9 November 2024.
  50. ^ ICG 2014, pp. 22–24, 27.
  51. ^ a b ICG 2014, p. 26.
  52. ^ Sudarsan Raghavan (31 May 2013). "Nigerian Islamist militants return from Mali with weapons, skills". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
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  55. ^ ICG 2014, pp. 22, 26.
  56. ^ ICG 2014, pp. 22, 26, 27.
  57. ^ "Islamists Ansaru claim attack on Mali-bound Nigeria troops: paper". Reuters. 20 January 2013. Archived from the original on 2 February 2013.
  58. ^ a b TRADOC G-2 (2015), pp. 4, 19.
  59. ^ ICG 2014, pp. ii, 22, 26, 27.
  60. ^ Warner & Hulme (2018), p. 22.
  61. ^ "Cameroon says Military Casualties Mounting". Voice of America. 27 June 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  62. ^ 4000 persons in Batibo displaced after deadly clashes between gunmen and security forces, Journal du Cameroun, Mar 8, 2018. Accessed Aug 25, 2018.
  63. ^ Ndop prison burnt, prisoners freed, Journal du Cameroun, July 29, 2018. Accessed July 29, 2018.
  64. ^ Cameroon:Two Ambazonia ‘Generals’ killed after military raid in Bafut, Journal du Cameroun, May 4, 2020. Accessed May 4, 2020.
  65. ^ Cameroon: Security officials in Bamenda launch operation to protect population, Journal du Cameroun, Sep 8, 2020. Accessed Sep 9, 2020.

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