List of hallucinogens
This is a list of hallucinogens, or psychoactive drugs that produce majorly altered states of consciousness.[1]
Serotonergic psychedelics (5-HT2A receptor agonists)
- Tryptamines such as psilocybin, psilocin, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenin, and α-methyltryptamine (AMT)
- Phenethylamines such as mescaline, DOM, 2C-B, 25I-NBOMe, and MDA
- Lysergamides such as LSD, ergine (LSA), ALD-52 (1A-LSD), ETH-LAD, and LSZ
- Others such as quipazine, MK-212, efavirenz, mefloquine (possibly), and RH-34
Dissociatives (NMDA receptor antagonists)
- Arylcyclohexylamines such as ketamine (K) and phencyclidine (PCP)
- Morphinans such as dextromethorphan (DXM), its active metabolite dextrorphan (DXO), and dextrallorphan (DXA)
- Adamantanes such as amantadine, memantine, and rimantadine
- Diarylethylamines such as diphenidine, ephenidine, fluorolintane, and methoxphenidine
- Inhalants such as nitrous oxide (N2O) and xenon
- Others such as dizocilpine (MK-801 or MK801)
- Atropine, scopolamine (hyoscine), and hyoscyamine, the active constituents of certain Solanaceae species
- Others such as diphenhydramine
- Salvinorin A, an opioid (κ-opioid receptor agonist), the active constituent of Salvia divinorum sage
- Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether, a semi-synthetic analogue of the natural product salvinorin A with longer duration and increased affinity and potency at the κ-opioid receptor
- Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether, a semi-synthetic analogue of the natural product salvinorin A with longer duration and increased affinity and potency at the κ-opioid receptor
- Benzomorphans such as pentazocine
- Muscimol and ibotenic acid, the active constituents of Amanita muscaria mushrooms
- Gaboxadol (THIP), a synthetic analogue of muscimol
- Nonbenzodiazepines or Z drugs such as eszopiclone, zaleplon, zolpidem, and zopiclone
- CI-966, a potent GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1) blocker
- β-Carbolines and harmala alkaloids such as harmine, harmaline, tetrahydroharmine, 6-methoxyharmalan, and 6-methoxytetrahydroharman
- Iboga alkaloids such as ibogaine and noribogaine
Cannabinoids (CB1 receptor agonists)
- Phytocannabinoids such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC or simply THC)
- Synthetic cannabinoids such as nabilone, JWH-018, JWH-073, and HU-210
Certain monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors also produce partial or full cannabinoid-like discriminative stimulus effects in animal drug discrimination tests.[2] Conversely, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors, at least by themselves, do not substitute for cannabinoids.[2]
Other hallucinogens
- Carbogen, a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen gas
- Cryogenine (Vertine), the active constituent of certain Heimia species
- Glaucine, an aporphine alkaloid known to act as a positive allosteric modulator of serotonin 5-HT2 receptors among other actions
- Hallucinogenic bolete mushrooms (e.g., Lanmaoa asiatica) (unknown mechanism of action)
- Inhalants such as butane, propane, toluene, diethyl ether, enflurane, and chloroform (mixed mechanism of action)
- Myristicin and elemicin, the active constituents of nutmeg (unknown mechanism of action)
See also
- List of drugs
- List of substances used in rituals
- List of designer drugs
- List of psychedelic drugs
- List of cannabinoids
- List of investigational hallucinogens and entactogens
References
- ^ Walker, Scott R.; Pullella, Glenn A.; Piggott, Matthew J.; Duggan, Peter J. (5 July 2023). "Introduction to the chemistry and pharmacology of psychedelic drugs". Australian Journal of Chemistry. 76 (5): 236–257. doi:10.1071/CH23050. ISSN 0004-9425.
- ^ a b Wiley JL, Owens RA, Lichtman AH (2018). "Discriminative Stimulus Properties of Phytocannabinoids, Endocannabinoids, and Synthetic Cannabinoids". Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 39: 153–173. doi:10.1007/7854_2016_24. PMID 27278640.