Biedrzychowice, Opole Voivodeship

For other places with the same name, see Biedrzychowice.
Biedrzychowice
Friedersdorf
Village
Centre of the village
Centre of the village
Biedrzychowice is located in Poland
Biedrzychowice
Biedrzychowice
Coordinates: 50°20′12″N 17°56′22″E / 50.33667°N 17.93944°E / 50.33667; 17.93944
Country Poland
VoivodeshipOpole
CountyPrudnik
GminaGłogówek
First mentioned1228
Population
 (2021)
 • Total
714
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2
Postal code
48-250[1]
Area code+4877
Vehicle registrationOPR
National roads

Biedrzychowice [bjɛdʐɨxɔˈvit͡sɛ], additional name in German: Friedersdorf,[2] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głogówek, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, south-western Poland.[3] It is situated in the historical region of Prudnik Land.[4] It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) east of Głogówek, 26 km (16 mi) east of Prudnik, and 37 km (23 mi) south of the regional capital, Opole.

As of 31 December 2021, the village's population numbered 714 inhabitants.[5] A significant portion of them belongs to the German minority in Poland.[6]

Geography

The village is located in the southern part of Opole Voivodeship, close to the Czech Republic–Poland border. It is situated in the historical Prudnik Land region, as well as in Upper Silesia. It lies in the Silesian Lowlands, in the valley of Stradunia river.[7] The sołectwo of Biedrzychowice has an area of 763 hectares (1,890 acres).[8]

Integral parts

According to the National Register of Geographical Names for 2025, the village of Biedrzychowice had 2 integral parts, divided into:[9][10]

  • 1 part of the village (część wsi): Kapełków
  • 1 former village (uroczysko-dawna miejscowość): Szelonka

Etymology

Friedersdorf among other localities of Prudnik Land on an 1804 map

The name Biedrzychowice was derived from the name Biedrzych, which was a Slavic analogue to the German name Friedrich.[11] It was first recorded in 1228 as Bedrchouici.[12] The name was adopted into the German language as Friedersdorf.[13]

Following the Second World War, the Polish name Biedrzychowice was introduced by the Commission for the Determination of Place Names on 16 December 1946.[14] As Gmina Głogówek gained the bilingual status on 1 December 2009, the government introduced an additional German name for the village: Friedersdorf.[15]

History

Traces of human presence in the area of the present-day village of Biedrzychowice, confirmed by archaeological research, date back to the 18th and 17th centuries BC.[12] There is a Neolithic archeological site on the village's territory. There are also traces of Celtic presence.[11]

20th-century sigil

The village's name was first recorded in a Latin document published in 1228 by duke Casimir I of Opole, in which Biedrzychowice was listed among villages of the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz which were established with Polish law (iure polonico).[12] The name of the person who established the village was presumably Bedrich or Friedrich.[11] Casimir I passed Biedrzychowice on to the Norbertines of Czarnowąsy. The parish church in Biedrzychowice was first mentioned in a 1430 document by duke Bolko V the Hussite of Duchy of Głogówek and Prudnik. 17th-century documents of the Diocese of Wrocław mentioned a school in Biedrzychowice.[16] Until 1742, the village was a part of Głogówek County (circulus superioris Glogoviae) in the Habsburg Empire.[17] After the First Silesian War, it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia was incorporated into Prudnik County (Großkreis Neustadt).[18]

War monument

The village had its own sigil.[19] According to the 1 December 1910 census, among 1490 inhabitants of Biedrzychowice, 57 spoke German, 1397 spoke Polish, and 36 were bilingual.[20] After the First World War, a monument dedicated to people from Biedrzychowice who died in the war, was erected in the village.[21] Only a portion of Prudnik County participated in the 1921 Upper Silesia plebiscite, which was supposed to determine ownership of the Province of Upper Silesia between Germany and Poland. Biedrzychowice found itself in the eastern part of the county, within the plebiscite area.[22] 749 people of Biedrzychowice voted to remain in Germany, and 85 voted to secede for Poland. In the end, the area of Prudnik, along with Biedrzychowice, remained in Germany.[23] The Wawelberg Group destroyed a railway bridge near Biedrzychowice as a part of Operation "Bridges", which started the Third Silesian Uprising on 2 May 1921.[24]

Following the Second World War, from March to May 1945, Prudnik County was controlled by the Soviet military commandant's office. On 11 May 1945, it was passed on to the Polish administration.[25] Autochthonous inhabitants of Biedrzychowice, who either spoke Silesian or knew Polish, were allowed to remain in the village. On 9 September 1945, Soviet soldiers shot two people in Biedrzychowice. When three members of the Polish Citizens' Militia arrived, they were fired upon by the Soviets. One Polish militiaman was wounded and then executed. Soviet reinforcements came, hunted down the fleeing post commander, beat him, and tried to seize the post's weapons. The violence lasted until next morning, when a joint Polish-Soviet commision arrived to investigate the incident.[26]

The village became a part of Silesian Voivodeship in 1945. It belongs to Opole Voivodeship since 1950. In the years 1945–1954, the village was the seat of Gmina Biedrzychowice in Prudnik County.[27] From 1954 until 1973, it was the seat of a local gromada (the lowest tier of local government).[28] It belonged to the post office in Głogówek.[29] In 1998, Biedrzychowice joined the Opole Village Renewal Program.[30]

Demographics

Bilingual Polish-German name sign

Biedrzychowice is inhabited by autochthonous Germans and Silesians. They belong to the registered German minority in Poland.[6] The residents speak the Prudnik dialect of the Silesian language.[31] The village gained the bilingual Polish-German status in 2009.[15]

Transport

Bus stop

The Katowice–Legnica railway (rail line number 137), which connects Upper and Lower Silesia regions, runs in the vicinity of Biedrzychowice. The closest railway stations are located in Głogówek and Twardawa. National road 40 runs through the village.[32] The local public transport buses were operated by PKS Prudnik.[33] Since 2021, public transit is organized by the PGZT "Pogranicze" corporation in Prudnik.[34]

Institutions

Primary school

Institutions located in Biedrzychowice include:

  • "Farska Stodoła" museum[35]
  • primary school named after Anna Kaworek[36]
  • preschool[37]
  • German Friendship Circle (Deutscher Freundeskreis), a subsidiary of the Social-Cultural Society of Germans in Opole Silesia[38]
  • women's football club Rolnik Biedrzychowice[39]
  • health clinic[40]
  • Voluntary Fire Brigade (OSP)[41]

Religion

Church of the Assumption

The Roman Catholic Church of the Assumption is located in the village. The church is a seat of the local parish, which belongs to the Diocese of Opole.[42]

  • Wayside shrine
    Wayside shrine

References

  1. ^ "Oficjalny Spis Pocztowych Numerów Adresowych" (PDF). Poczta Polska. January 2024. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-03-11.
  2. ^ Państwowy Rejestr Nazw Geograficznych – miejscowości – format XLSX, Place Names Register of Poland – PRNG, Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography, 14 August 2025, PRNG identifier: 5192
  3. ^ "Główny Urząd Statystyczny" [Central Statistical Office] (in Polish). To search: Select "Miejscowości (SIMC)" tab, select "fragment (min. 3 znaki)" (minimum 3 characters), enter town name in the field below, click "WYSZUKAJ" (Search).
  4. ^ "Regulamin Odznaki Krajoznawczej Ziemi Prudnickiej". prudnik.pttk.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2025-08-14.
  5. ^ "Biedrzychowice". polskawliczbach.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2025-08-14.
  6. ^ a b "Ludność Ziemi Prudnickiej". Tygodnik Prudnicki. 1995-12-24. p. 10.
  7. ^ Szyniec, Grzegorz (2021). Spis miejscowości Śląska. Lasowice Wielkie. p. 7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. ^ Plan 2018, p. 4.
  9. ^ Państwowy Rejestr Nazw Geograficznych – miejscowości – format XLSX, Place Names Register of Poland – PRNG, Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography, 1 January 2025
  10. ^ Państwowy Rejestr Nazw Geograficznych – nazwy obiektów fizjograficznych – format XLSX, Place Names Register of Poland – PRNG, Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography, 1 January 2025
  11. ^ a b c "Biedrzychowice". glogowek.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2025-08-14.
  12. ^ a b c Plan 2018, p. 6.
  13. ^ Hanich, Andrzej (2021). Słownik nazw miejscowości diecezji opolskiej w XX i XXI wieku. Opole: Instytut Śląski. p. 99.
  14. ^ Rozporządzenie Ministrów: Administracji Publicznej i Ziem Odzyskanych z dnia 12 listopada 1946 r. o przywróceniu i ustaleniu urzędowych nazw miejscowości (M.P. 1946 nr 142 poz. 262).
  15. ^ a b Stadnicki, Stanisław (2008-10-01). "Głogówek – Oberglogau". Tygodnik Prudnicki. Archived from the original on 2014-04-07.
  16. ^ Plan 2018, p. 10.
  17. ^ Wieland, Johann Wolfgang (1736). Principatus Silesiae Oppoliensis exactissima Tabula geographica, sistens Circulus Oppoliensem Ober-Glogau Gros Strehliz, Cosel, Tost, Rosenberg, Falckenberg & Lubleniz. Norimbergae: ab Homannianis Heredibus. Cum Spec. S. Caes. Rque Mtis Privilegio.
  18. ^ Dereń, Andrzej (1999-04-06). "XVIII-wieczna rewolucja". Tygodnik Prudnicki. Vol. 18, no. 441. Prudnik: Spółka Wydawnicza "Aneks". p. 17.
  19. ^ "885 Friedersdorf (Biedrzychowice) IV". pieczeciegminne.pl (in Polish). 2021-08-13. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
  20. ^ Nabzdyk, Kazimierz (2007). "Rezultaty wyborów w powiecie prudnickim na początku XX wieku – szkic demograficzny". Ziemia Prudnicka. Prudnik: Spółka Wydawnicza "Aneks". p. 73.
  21. ^ Strauchmann, Krzysztof (2014-08-26). "Odbudowali zniszczony pomnik w Biedrzychowicach". Nowa Trybuna Opolska (in Polish). Retrieved 2025-08-14.
  22. ^ "Natomiast z pow. prudnickiego należą do terenu plebiscytowego tylko następujące gminy, które tutaj poniżej według polskich i niemieckich nazw imiennie podajemy". Instrukcja dla Komitetów Parytetycznych. Vol. 2. 1921. p. 22.
  23. ^ "Neustadt (Prudnik)". home.arcor.de. Archived from the original on 2017-01-29. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
  24. ^ Rysiewicz, Maciej (2021-05-02). "100. rocznica wybuchu III powstania śląskiego – z cyklu „Droga przez niepodległość"". Kurier Ostrowski (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2022-10-11. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
  25. ^ Dereń, Andrzej (2005-05-11). "Polska Ziemia Prudnicka". Tygodnik Prudnicki. Vol. 19, no. 754. Prudnik: Spółka Wydawnicza "Aneks". p. 8.
  26. ^ Strauchmann, Krzysztof (2014-12-24). "Milicjanci zginęli z ręki sojusznika". Nowa Trybuna Opolska. p. 7.
  27. ^ "Powiat Prudnicki (Prudnik)". Wykaz gromad Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej. Według stanu na z dnia 1 VII 1952 r. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 1952. pp. 249–250.
  28. ^ Rocznik Statystyczny Województwa Opolskiego, 1972. Opole: Wojewódzki Urząd Statystyczny w Opolu. 1972. p. 60.
  29. ^ "Wykaz gromad wchodzących w skład gminy". Vol. 3, no. 4. Prądnik [Prudnik]: Powiatowy Komitet Osadniczy. 1946-11-23.
  30. ^ "Biedrzychowice, gm. Głogówek". Rozwój Wsi Opolskiej Program Odnowy Wsi (in Polish). 2020-11-23. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
  31. ^ Larysz, Renata (2007). "Fonetyczne i leksykalne cechy dialektu głogóweckiego". Ziemia Prudnicka. Prudnik: Spółka Wydawnicza "Aneks". p. 144.
  32. ^ Plan 2018, p. 5.
  33. ^ "PKS Connex Prudnik / Przewozy pasażerskie / Rozkład jazdy". pks-prudnik.com.pl. Archived from the original on 2006-10-23. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
  34. ^ Dobrzański, Maciej (2021-08-18). "Powołują związek, który ma ułatwić komunikację". Prudnik24 (in Polish). Retrieved 2025-08-14.
  35. ^ "MUZEUM WIEJSKIE „FARSKA STODOŁA" W BIEDRZYCHOWICACH". visitopolskie.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2025-08-14.
  36. ^ "Szkoła Podstawowa im. siostry Anny Kaworek w Biedrzychowicach". spbiedrzychowice.szkolnastrona.pl. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
  37. ^ "Oddział Biedrzychowice". przedszkoleglogowek3.edupage.org. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
  38. ^ "DFK Biedrzychowice / Friedersdorf". skgd.pl (in German). Retrieved 2025-08-14.
  39. ^ "Rolnik Biedrzychowice (k)". 90minut.pl. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
  40. ^ "Termomodernizacja ośrodka zdrowia w Biedrzychowicach. Budynek zyska m.in. nowy piec i elewację". Radio Opole (in Polish). 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
  41. ^ "Jednostki OSP oraz OSP KSRG - Komenda Powiatowa Państwowej Straży Pożarnej w Prudniku". gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2025-08-14.
  42. ^ "Wg dekanatów". diecezja.opole.pl. Retrieved 2025-08-14.

Bibliography

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