Błażejowice Dolne

Błażejowice Dolne
Blaschewitz
Village
Błażejowice Dolne is located in Poland
Błażejowice Dolne
Błażejowice Dolne
Coordinates: 50°22′39″N 17°49′18″E / 50.37750°N 17.82167°E / 50.37750; 17.82167
Country Poland
VoivodeshipOpole
CountyPrudnik
GminaGłogówek
Established13th century
First mentioned1358
Population
 (2021)
 • Total
146
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2
Postal code
48-250[1]
Area code+4877
Vehicle registrationOPR

Błażejowice Dolne [bwaʐɛjɔˈvit͡sɛ ˈdɔlnɛ], additional name in German: Blaschewitz,[2] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głogówek, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, south-western Poland.[3] It is situated in the historical region of Prudnik Land.[4] It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-west of Głogówek, 19 km (12 mi) east of Prudnik, and 34 km (21 mi) south of the regional capital Opole.

As of 31 December 2021, the village's population numbered 146 inhabitants.[5] A significant portion of them belongs to the German minority in Poland.[6]

Geography

The village is located in the southern part of Opole Voivodeship, close to the Czech Republic–Poland border. It is situated in the historical Prudnik Land region, as well as in Upper Silesia. It lies in the Silesian Lowlands.[7] The sołectwo of Błażejowice Dolne has an area of 573 hectares (1,420 acres).[8]

Etymology

The name Błażejowice Dolne was derived from the name Błażej, which is a Polish analogue to Blasius.[8] It was first recorded in 1358 as Blazycowicz. In Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien, published in 1865, Felix Triest noted the village's German name as Blaschewitz.[9] On 18 August 1936, Nazi administration of the German Reich changed the village's name to Niederblasien.[10]

Following the Second World War, the Polish name Błażejowice was is use since 1946.[11] The name Błażejowice Dolne was introduced by the Commission for the Determination of Place Names on 9 September 1947.[12] As Gmina Głogówek gained the bilingual status on 1 December 2009, the government introduced an additional German name for the village: Blaschewitz.[13]

History

Traces of human presence in the area of the present-day village of Błażejowice Dolne, confirmed by archaeological research, date back to the Neolithic period. There are also traces of Vandal presence.[14] People inhabited this area continuously, until the Middle Ages.[15]

The village was established during a period of German colonization of Silesia in the 13th century.[16] Its name was first recorded in a document published in 1358. The second mention was in 1460.[17] The name of the person who established the village was presumably Błażej (Blasius, Blažej).[16] In 1383, knight Heinrich Kuropes sold the village to Adam Bess.[18]

19th-century sigil

Until 1742, the village was a part of Głogówek County (circulus superioris Glogoviae) in the Habsburg Empire.[19] After the First Silesian War, it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia was incorporated into Prudnik County (Großkreis Neustadt).[20] The village had its own sigil.[21] In 1865, there were 13 farmers, 15 gardeners and 8 peasants living in the village. There was also a Catholich school, attended by 85 students.[9]

Former inn "Im Krug zum grünen Kranze"

According to the 1 December 1910 census, among 338 inhabitants of Błażejowice Dolne, 14 spoke German, 248 spoke Polish, and 76 were bilingual.[22] In the village, there was an inn named "Im Krug zum grünen Kranze", run by Magdalena Wollek.[23] After the First World War, a monument dedicated to people from Błażejowice Dolne who died in the war, was erected in the village.[24] Only a portion of Prudnik County participated in the 1921 Upper Silesia plebiscite, which was supposed to determine ownership of the Province of Upper Silesia between Germany and Poland. Błażejowice Dolne found itself in the eastern part of the county, within the plebiscite area.[25] 210 people of Błażejowice Dolne voted to remain in Germany, and 14 voted to secede for Poland. In the end, the area of Prudnik, along with Błażejowice Dolne, remained in Germany.[26]

War monument

During the Second World War, on 18 March 1945, the Soviet Red Army encircled several German divisions in the area of Błażejowice Dolne. The 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian) stationed here. On 19 March, a command post of the 344th Infantry Division of the Wehrmacht was set up in the village.[27][28] Late in the evening of 19 March, Błażejowice Dolne was abandoned by German soldiers, refugees, and most of its inhabitants, and it was captured by the Red Army.[29]

Following the Second World War, from March to May 1945 Prudnik County was controlled by the Soviet military commandant's office. On 11 May 1945, it was passed on to the Polish administration.[30] Autochthonous inhabitants of Błażejowice Dolne, who either spoke Silesian or knew Polish, were allowed to remain in the village.[31] On 1 March 1947, local family of Jan Terka was murdered by bandits.[32]

The village became a part of Silesian Voivodeship in 1945. It belongs to Opole Voivodeship since 1950. In the years 1945–1954, the village belonged to Gmina Gostomia in Prudnik County.[33] From 1954 until 1959, it was the seat of a local gromada (the lowest tier of local government).[34] It belonged to the post office in Biała.[35]

In 1956, a library was established in Błażejowice Dolne. The local Voluntary Fire Brigade station was constructed in 1957.[36] There was a theatrical group active in the village.[37] The local agricultural production cooperative was established in the late 1970s.[38] In 2010, Blażejowice Dolne joined the Opole Village Renewal Program.[39]

Demographics

Błażejowice Dolne is inhabited by autochthonous Germans and Silesians. They belong to the registered German minority in Poland.[6] The residents speak the Prudnik dialect of the Silesian language.[40] The villaged gained the bilingual Polish-German status in 2009.[13]

References

  1. ^ "Oficjalny Spis Pocztowych Numerów Adresowych" (PDF). Poczta Polska. January 2024. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-03-11.
  2. ^ Państwowy Rejestr Nazw Geograficznych – miejscowości – format XLSX, Place Names Register of Poland – PRNG, Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography, 15 August 2025, PRNG identifier: 6488
  3. ^ "Główny Urząd Statystyczny" [Central Statistical Office] (in Polish). To search: Select "Miejscowości (SIMC)" tab, select "fragment (min. 3 znaki)" (minimum 3 characters), enter town name in the field below, click "WYSZUKAJ" (Search).
  4. ^ "Regulamin Odznaki Krajoznawczej Ziemi Prudnickiej". prudnik.pttk.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2025-08-15.
  5. ^ "Błażejowice Dolne". polskawliczbach.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2025-08-15.
  6. ^ a b "Ludność Ziemi Prudnickiej". Tygodnik Prudnicki. 1995-12-24. p. 10.
  7. ^ Szyniec, Grzegorz (2021). Spis miejscowości Śląska. Lasowice Wielkie. p. 10.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. ^ a b Plan 2020, p. 4.
  9. ^ a b Triest, Felix (1864–1865). Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien. Breslau: Wilh. Gottl. Korn. p. 1071. OCLC 315739117.
  10. ^ "Amtsbezirk Mochau". territorial.de. Retrieved 2025-08-15.
  11. ^ Hanich, Andrzej (2021). Słownik nazw miejscowości diecezji opolskiej w XX i XXI wieku. Opole: Instytut Śląski. p. 102.
  12. ^ Rozporządzenie Ministrów: Administracji Publicznej i Ziem Odzyskanych z dnia 9 września 1947 r. o przywróceniu i ustaleniu urzędowych nazw miejscowości (M.P. 1947 nr 124 poz. 778).
  13. ^ a b Stadnicki, Stanisław (2008-10-01). "Głogówek – Oberglogau". Tygodnik Prudnicki. Archived from the original on 2014-04-07.
  14. ^ Smarzly 2014, p. 19.
  15. ^ Smarzly 2014, p. 21.
  16. ^ a b Smarzly 2014, p. 23.
  17. ^ "Błażejowice Dolne". glogowek.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2025-08-15.
  18. ^ Smarzly 2014.
  19. ^ Wieland, Johann Wolfgang (1736). Principatus Silesiae Oppoliensis exactissima Tabula geographica, sistens Circulus Oppoliensem Ober-Glogau Gros Strehliz, Cosel, Tost, Rosenberg, Falckenberg & Lubleniz. Norimbergae: ab Homannianis Heredibus. Cum Spec. S. Caes. Rque Mtis Privilegio.
  20. ^ Dereń, Andrzej (1999-04-06). "XVIII-wieczna rewolucja". Tygodnik Prudnicki. Vol. 18, no. 441. Prudnik: Spółka Wydawnicza "Aneks". p. 17.
  21. ^ "841 Blaschewitz (Błażejowice Dolne)". Pieczęcie gminne na Śląsku (in Polish). 2021-08-12. Retrieved 2025-08-15.
  22. ^ Nabzdyk, Kazimierz (2007). "Rezultaty wyborów w powiecie prudnickim na początku XX wieku – szkic demograficzny". Ziemia Prudnicka. Prudnik: Spółka Wydawnicza "Aneks". p. 73.
  23. ^ Smarzly 2014, p. 165.
  24. ^ Smarzly 2014, p. 337.
  25. ^ "Natomiast z pow. prudnickiego należą do terenu plebiscytowego tylko następujące gminy, które tutaj poniżej według polskich i niemieckich nazw imiennie podajemy". Instrukcja dla Komitetów Parytetycznych. Vol. 2. 1921. p. 22.
  26. ^ "Neustadt (Prudnik)". home.arcor.de. Archived from the original on 2017-01-29. Retrieved 2025-08-15.
  27. ^ Smarzly 2014, p. 197.
  28. ^ Lesiuk 1978, p. 197.
  29. ^ Smarzly 2014, p. 199.
  30. ^ Dereń, Andrzej (2005-05-11). "Polska Ziemia Prudnicka". Tygodnik Prudnicki. Vol. 19, no. 754. Prudnik: Spółka Wydawnicza "Aneks". p. 8.
  31. ^ Smarzly 2014, p. 203.
  32. ^ "Po wojnie..." Głos Włókniarza. No. 541. Prudnik: Samorząd Robotniczego PZPB. 1985-06-15. p. 10.
  33. ^ "Powiat Prudnicki (Prudnik)". Wykaz gromad Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej. Według stanu na z dnia 1 VII 1952 r. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 1952. pp. 249–250.
  34. ^ Rocznik Statystyczny Województwa Opolskiego, 1972. Opole: Wojewódzki Urząd Statystyczny w Opolu. 1972. p. 60.
  35. ^ "Wykaz gromad wchodzących w skład gminy". Vol. 3, no. 4. Prądnik [Prudnik]: Powiatowy Komitet Osadniczy. 1946-11-23.
  36. ^ Smarzly 2014, p. 209.
  37. ^ Lesiuk 1978, p. 435.
  38. ^ Smarzly 2014, p. 219.
  39. ^ "Błażejowice Dolne, gm. Głogówek". Rozwój Wsi Opolskiej Program Odnowy Wsi (in Polish). 2020-11-23. Retrieved 2025-08-15.
  40. ^ Hellfeier, Robert (June 2018). "Chrzelicka mowa? cz. I". Panorama Bialska. Vol. 6, no. 279. p. 8.

Bibliography

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