Bạch Mai
Bạch Mai Ward
Phường Bạch Mai Ô Cầu Dền | |
|---|---|
From top, left to right : University of Science and Technology, National Economics University, Bạch Mai Hospital, and Vinhomes Times City. | |
| Country |  Vietnam |
| Region | Red River Delta |
| Municipality | Hà Nội |
| Establishment | May 31, 1961 (ward) |
| Central hall | No.33, Đại Cồ Việt Boulevard, Bạch Mai Ward[1] |
| Government | |
| • Type | Ward-level authority |
| • People Committee's Chairman | Nguyễn Thị Thu Hiền[1] |
| • People Council's Chairman | Trần Quyết Thắng[1] |
| • Front Committee's Chairman | Tạ Thị Thanh Huyền[1] |
| • Party Committee's Secretary | Trần Quyết Thắng[1] |
| Area | |
• Total | 2.95 km2 (1.14 sq mi) |
| Population (July 1, 2025)[1] | |
• Total | 129,571 |
| • Density | 44,000/km2 (110,000/sq mi) |
| • Ethnicities | Kinh Tanka Others |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (Indochina Time) |
| ZIP code | 10000–11618[note 1] |
| Climate | Cwa |
| Website | Bachmai.Hanoi.gov.vn Bachmai.Hanoi.dcs.vn |
Bạch Mai [ɓa̰ʔjk˨˩:maːj˧˧] is a ward of Hanoi the capital city in the Red River Delta of Vietnam.[2]
History
Its name Bạch Mai (Hán Nôm: 白梅) means "white mai" in the Middle-age Annamese language.
According to Dư địa chí by royal official Nguyễn Trãi, Mai Động[3] (梅洞, "Mai Ward") is a place that has been at least from the Trần Dynasty, where the famous specialty was wine made from daisy and mai flowers.
Middle Ages
The old documents said that the area of modern Bạch Mai Ward was inherently on the Imperial Road[note 2] from Đông Kinh the capital city to the southernmost of the country, that's why it always received the deep impact of administrative reforms.[4] Specifically, Hồng Mai Village (làng Hồng Mai) has often changed its belonging in the times before the 18th century. Sometimes it was part of Thọ Xương Rural District (huyện Thọ Xương), but it also belonged to Thanh Đàm Rural District. That non-fixedness is thought to come from continuous migration, which often occur when natural disasters or famine.[4]
According to five books Lê quý dật sử, Lê quý kỷ sự, Sơn cư tạp thuật, Tang thương ngẫu lục, and Vũ trung tùy bút, during the chaotic times of the kingdom of Đàng Ngoày in the middle of 18th century, Bạch Mai was ever the name of a small fishing hamlet in Hồng Mai Commune (Hồng Mai xã), Kim Liên Canton, Thanh Đàm Rural District, Thường Tín Prefecture, Sơn Nam Thượng Garrison. At the same time, it was often called K'Mo or Kẻ Mơ[4] (Hán Nôm: 古梅) in the continuous way. According to the evidence from folk,[4] Bạch Mai from old times to the present is always practicing pork processing and trading, so it is also known as nickname Mơ Thịt.[3]
From the first administrative reform of Emperor Minh Mệnh in 1831, Hồng Mai was changed as Hồng Mai Commune (Hồng Mai xã), belonging to Kim Liên Canton, Thanh Trì Rural District, Thường Tín Prefecture, Hà Nội Province, Bắc Thành Region of the Imperial Annam.[note 3] However, in 1848, Hồng Mai had to change to Hoàng Mai Commune (Hoàng Mai xã) to avoid the middle name of Emperor Tự Đức.[note 4]
By 1899, the Government of French Tonkin dissolved Kim Liên Canton to found Hoàng Mai Rural District (Hoàng Mai huyện) and considered it temporarily belonging to the suburbs of Hà Nội City.
XX century
In 1915, Hoàng Mai area was transferred and then mergered to Hoàn Long Rural District (Hoàn Long huyện) of Hà Đông Province.
Around 1942, Hoàng Mai area was re-mergered to the Hanoi Special Town[note 5] as the southern part of District VII (quận 7).[note 6]
On May 31, 1961, the Government Council of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam issued Decision 78-CP on the division of urban and suburban areas of Hanoi City. Accordingly, District VII has been dissolved to found two zones[note 7] Hai Bà Trưng (north) and Hoàng Mai (south). From that fact, Bạch Mai Little Zone (tiểu khu Bạch Mai) was established as southern part of Hai Bà Trưng Zone (khu Hai Bà Trưng).
By June 1981, Hai Bà Trưng Zone was renamed Hai Bà Trưng Urban District (quận Hai Bà Trưng). Therefore, Bạch Mai L. Z. became Bạch Mai Ward (phường Bạch Mai).
XXI century
On January 1, 2025, the area of Bạch Mai was doubled through the merger with Quỳnh Lôi Ward (phường Quỳnh Lôi).
By June 16, 2025, to meet the practical needs of the project to arrange and merge administrative units by the Government of Vietnam, the National Assembly Standing Committee has issued Resolution 1656/NQ-UBTVQH15 on the re-arrangement of commune+ward-level administrative units in the Hanoian area.[5] According to Clause 6 & 8 of Article 1[note 8] in this document, Bạch Mai Ward has been expanded again what based on the merger of :
- The whole of three wards Bạch Mai, Bách Khoa, and Quỳnh Mai from former Hai Bà Trưng District.
- Part of two Hai Bà Trưng wards Minh Khai and Thanh Nhàn, four Hoàng Mai wards Đồng Tâm, Lê Đại Hành, Phương Mai, and Trương Định.
This administrative unit has officially been operated since July 1 of the same year and directly under the Hanoi City People's Committee,[note 9] in order to replace the newly dissolved districts Hai Bà Trưng and Hoàng Mai.[note 10]
Geography
Demography
According to the statistical yearbook of the whole Hanoi, as of 2025 Bạch Mai Ward had a demography of 129,571.[1] Besides, the population of the whole ward is fully registered as Kinh people.
Climate
| Climate data for Bạch Mai Ward | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 33.3 (91.9) |
35.1 (95.2) |
37.2 (99.0) |
41.5 (106.7) |
42.8 (109.0) |
41.8 (107.2) |
40.8 (105.4) |
39.7 (103.5) |
37.4 (99.3) |
36.6 (97.9) |
36.0 (96.8) |
31.9 (89.4) |
42.8 (109.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.8 (67.6) |
20.6 (69.1) |
23.2 (73.8) |
27.7 (81.9) |
31.9 (89.4) |
33.4 (92.1) |
33.4 (92.1) |
32.6 (90.7) |
31.5 (88.7) |
29.2 (84.6) |
25.7 (78.3) |
22.0 (71.6) |
27.6 (81.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 16.6 (61.9) |
17.7 (63.9) |
20.3 (68.5) |
24.2 (75.6) |
27.6 (81.7) |
29.3 (84.7) |
29.4 (84.9) |
28.7 (83.7) |
27.7 (81.9) |
25.3 (77.5) |
21.9 (71.4) |
18.3 (64.9) |
23.9 (75.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 14.5 (58.1) |
15.8 (60.4) |
18.4 (65.1) |
21.9 (71.4) |
24.8 (76.6) |
26.4 (79.5) |
26.5 (79.7) |
26.1 (79.0) |
25.2 (77.4) |
22.8 (73.0) |
19.3 (66.7) |
15.8 (60.4) |
21.5 (70.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) |
5.0 (41.0) |
7.0 (44.6) |
9.8 (49.6) |
15.4 (59.7) |
20.0 (68.0) |
21.0 (69.8) |
20.9 (69.6) |
16.1 (61.0) |
12.4 (54.3) |
6.8 (44.2) |
5.1 (41.2) |
2.7 (36.9) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 22.5 (0.89) |
24.6 (0.97) |
47.0 (1.85) |
91.8 (3.61) |
185.4 (7.30) |
253.3 (9.97) |
280.1 (11.03) |
309.4 (12.18) |
228.3 (8.99) |
140.7 (5.54) |
66.7 (2.63) |
20.2 (0.80) |
1,670.1 (65.75) |
| Average rainy days | 9.5 | 11.4 | 15.9 | 13.7 | 14.6 | 14.8 | 16.6 | 16.5 | 13.2 | 9.7 | 6.8 | 5.2 | 147.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 79.9 | 82.5 | 84.5 | 84.7 | 81.1 | 80.0 | 80.7 | 82.7 | 81.0 | 78.5 | 77.1 | 76.2 | 80.7 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 68.7 | 48.1 | 45.5 | 87.4 | 173.7 | 167.0 | 181.1 | 163.0 | 162.4 | 150.3 | 131.6 | 113.0 | 1,488.5 |
| Source 1: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology[6] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Extremes[a] | |||||||||||||
See also
- Đống Đa
- Hai Bà Trưng
- Hoàng Mai
- Kim Liên
- Phương Liệt
- Thịnh Liệt
- Tương Mai
- Văn Miếu - Quốc Tử Giám
- Vĩnh Tuy
Notes and references
Notes
- ^ An official code from December 31, 2023, to present.
- ^ Đường Cái Quan.
- ^ Nguyễn Thúy Nga, Địa danh Hà Nội thời Nguyễn : Khảo cứu từ nguồn tư liệu Hán Nôm, Khoa Học Xã Hội Publishing, Hanoi, 2010.
- ^ Nguyễn Phước Hồng Nhậm.
- ^ Hà Nội đặc biệt đại lý.
- ^ Nguyễn Vinh Phúc, 1000 năm Thăng Long – Hà Nội (A Thousand Years of Thanglong–Hanoi), Trẻ Publishing, Hanoi, 2009.
- ^ "Khu" was equivalent to later "quận" (urban district).
- ^ Khoản 6 và 8, Điều 1.
- ^ Từ ngày 1/7/2025, thành phố Hà Nội chính thức đưa vào hoạt động 126 đơn vị hành chính cấp xã, phường mới theo Nghị quyết số 1656/NQ-UBTVQH15 của Ủy ban Thường vụ Quốc hội. Sau sắp xếp, thành phố có 51 phường và 75 xã.
- ^ Việc sắp xếp đơn vị hành chính cấp xã không chỉ là yêu cầu của quá trình hoàn thiện thể chế, cải cách bộ máy nhà nước, mà còn là cơ hội để Hà Nội cơ cấu lại không gian phát triển, nâng cao chất lượng quản trị đô thị, hiện đại hóa chính quyền để phục vụ nhân dân tốt hơn. Qua đó, góp phần hiện thực hóa mục tiêu phát triển Thủ Đô thành đô thị thông minh, đáng sống và văn minh bậc nhất cả nước, giữ vững vai trò tiên phong trong kỷ nguyên vươn mình của dân tộc.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Bạch Mai Ward : Detailed information after arrangement (vi)
- ^ Phường Bạch Mai được hình thành từ những phường nào sau sắp xếp ?
- ^ a b Chợ Mơ for Kẻ Mơ men
- ^ a b c d All of Bạch Mai Hamlet
- ^ Resolution 1656/NQ-UBTVQH15 in Vietnamese
- ^ "Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology" (PDF).
- ^ "Hà Nội nóng kỷ lục 41.5 độ". danviet.vn (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 3 June 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
- ^ "THÔNG BÁO VÀ DỰ BÁO KHÍ HẬU MÙA X, XI, XII NĂM 2019" (PDF). imh.ac.vn (in Vietnamese). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 August 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
- ^ "THỜI TIẾT HÀ NỘI". nchmf.gov.vn (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 29 September 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
- ^ "VIỆT NAM NIÊN GIÁM THỐNG KÊ" (PDF). Southeast Asian Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
- ^ The Yearbook of Indochina (1932–33)
Further reading
Bibliography
- George Coedes. The Making of South East Asia, 2nd ed. University of California Press, 1983.
- Trần Ngọc Thêm. Cơ sở văn hóa Việt Nam (The Foundation of Vietnamese Culture), 504 pages. Publishing by Nhà xuất bản Đại học Tổng hợp TPHCM. Saigon, Vietnam, 1995.
- Philippe Papin, Histoire de Hanoï, Fayard, Paris, 2001.
- Trần Quốc Vượng, Tô Ngọc Thanh, Nguyễn Chí Bền, Lâm Mỹ Dung, Trần Thúy Anh. Cơ sở văn hóa Việt Nam (The Basis of Vietnamese Culture), 292 pages. Re-publishing by Nhà xuất bản Giáo Dục Việt Nam & Quảng Nam Printing Co-Ltd. Hanoi, Vietnam, 2006.
- Li Tana (2011). Jiaozhi (Giao Chỉ) in the Han period Tongking Gulf. In Cooke, Nola ; Li Tana ; Anderson, James A. (eds.). The Tongking Gulf Through History. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 39–44. ISBN 9780812205022.
- Tập bản đồ hành chính Việt Nam (Vietnamese Administrative Maps), Nhà xuất bản Tài nguyên – Môi trường và Bản đồ Việt Nam, Hà Nội, 2013.
- Li Tana, Towards an environmental history of the Eastern Red River Delta, Vietnam, c.900–1400, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 2014.
- Samuel Baron, Christoforo Borri, Olga Dror, Keith W. Taylor (2018). Views of Seventeenth-Century Vietnam : Christoforo Borri on Cochinchina and Samuel Baron on Tonkin. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-1-501-72090-1.
- The Birth of Vietnam : Sino-Vietnamese Relations to the Tenth Century and the Origins of Vietnamese Nationhood. University of Michigan Press. 1976.
- Taylor, Keith Weiler (1983). The Birth of Vietnam. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. doi:10.2307/jj.8501140. ISBN 978-0-52007-417-0. JSTOR jj.8501140. LCCN 81011590. OCLC 1131176955. S2CID 265239427.
- Taylor, K. W.; Whitmore, John K., eds. (1995). Essays Into Vietnamese Pasts. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Southeast Asia Program. doi:10.7591/9781501718991. ISBN 978-0-87727-718-7. JSTOR 10.7591/j.ctv1nhmtn. OCLC 1091450831.
- Borri, Christoforo; Baron, Samuel (2006). Views of Seventeenth-Century Vietnam : Christoforo Borri on Cochinchina and Samuel Baron on Tonkin. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. doi:10.7591/9781501720901. ISBN 978-0-87727-771-2. JSTOR 10.7591/j.ctv3s8qt9. LCCN 2009280899. OCLC 1262600216. S2CID 160903627.
- Taylor, K. W. (2013). A History of the Vietnamese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139021210. ISBN 978-1-107-24435-1. LCCN 2012035197. OCLC 843761714. S2CID 161759966.
- Pierre Asselin, Pierre Brocheux, Christopher E. Goscha, Pierre Grosser, Annick Guénel, François Guillemot, Andrew Hardy, Michel Hoàng, Pierre Journoud, Anne Marie Moulin, Philippe Papin, Emmanuel Poisson, Dominique Rolland, Hugues Tertrais, Benoît de Tréglodé..., Le Viêt-Nam depuis 2000 ans, De La Republique Eds, Paris, 2017.
External links
| Wards (51) |
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| Communes (75) |
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