1949 Virginia gubernatorial election

For related races, see 1949 United States gubernatorial elections.

1949 Virginia gubernatorial election
November 8, 1949
 
Nominee John S. Battle Walter Johnson
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 184,772 71,991
Percentage 70.4% 27.4%
County and independent city results
Battle:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Johnson:      40–50%      50–60%
Governor before election

William M. Tuck
Democratic

Elected Governor

John S. Battle
Democratic

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In the 1949 Virginia gubernatorial election, incumbent Governor William M. Tuck, a Democrat, was unable to seek re-election due to term limits. State Senator John S. Battle was nominated by the Democratic Party to run against Republican Walter Johnson.

Background

For the previous five decades Virginia had almost completely disenfranchised its black and poor white populations through the use of a cumulative poll tax and literacy tests.[1] So restricted was suffrage in this period that it has been calculated that a third of Virginia's electorate during the first half of the twentieth century comprised state employees and officeholders.[1] This limited electorate allowed Virginian politics to be controlled for four decades by the Byrd Organization, as progressive "antiorganization" factions were rendered impotent by the inability of almost all their potential electorate to vote.[2] Historical fusion with the “Readjuster” Democrats,[3] defection of substantial proportions of the Northeast-aligned white electorate of the Shenandoah Valley and Southwest Virginia over free silver,[4] and an early move towards a "lily white" Jim Crow party[3] meant Republicans retained a small but permanent number of legislative seats and local offices in the western part of the state.[5] Nevertheless, in gubernatorial elections during this period the Republican vote was mostly in the nature of a protest, and in most elections between 1925 and 1949 turnout was higher in the Democratic primary than the general election.[6]

Organization divided

For the only time in its forty-year reign, the Byrd machine would suffer a significant division over whom to nominate. After Tuck was established in the governor's mansion, it was expected that Richmond mayor Horace Hall Edwards would be next in line, but as early as 1947 organization leaders had begun to feel that Edwards was too unreliable.[7] By 1948 Byrd was urging Edwards to wait until the next gubernatorial election, but Edwards refused to withdraw.[8] The organization urged Edwards to wait given its respect for elders,[9] and ultimately chose as its nominee John S. Battle, a long-serving state senator.

The primary was further complicated by the entry of wealthy Petersburg pen manufacturer Remmie Arnold, who had risen from a poor background to running the second-largest pen company in the world.[10] Unlike Byrd, Arnold explicitly endorsed Dixiecrat Strom Thurmond for president the previous year,[a] and he consequently drew support from disenchanted Dixiecrats,[8] arguing that

the power to tax is the power to destroy[12]

During the campaign Arnold would claim that the Byrd Organization attempted to "bury" him by a nomination as Lieutenant Governor or Senator.[13]

Antiorganization threat

The split in the Byrd Organization meant that antiorganization candidates, normally weak and lacking leaders,[14] gained a rare opportunity. Francis Pickens Miller, a former legislator from Fairfax County, had long been critical of how 1937 Democratic nominee James Price had is program undermined by Byrd's allies.[8] Miller had been highly aggressive in urging Democrats to support Harry S. Truman the previous year[a]and already announced he would run at the time of the presidential election.[15]

Primary campaign

Miller campaigned extremely vigorously against the Byrd machine, with his speeches being frequently described as "evangelical".[8]

Democratic nomination

Candidates

Primary results by county and independent city

1949 Virginia gubernatorial Democratic primary by county or independent city[16]
John Stewart Battle
Democratic 		Francis Pickens Miller
Democratic 		Horace Hall Edwards
Democratic 		Remmie Leroy Arnold
Democratic 		Margin Total votes cast
# % # % # % # % # %
Accomack County 1,828 56.51% 769 23.77% 342 10.57% 296 9.15% 1,059 32.74% 3,235
Albemarle County 1,676 70.10% 542 22.67% 123 5.14% 50 2.09% 1,134 47.43% 2,391
Alleghany County 867 30.59% 1,499 52.89% 158 5.58% 310 10.94% -632 -22.30% 2,834
Amelia County 271 23.30% 266 22.87% 536 46.09% 90 7.74% -265[b] -22.79% 1,163
Amherst County 846 40.30% 940 44.78% 239 11.39% 74 3.53% -94 -4.48% 2,099
Appomattox County 1,365 69.18% 189 9.58% 379 19.21% 40 2.03% 986[b] 49.97% 1,973
Arlington County 4,402 44.14% 4,789 48.02% 459 4.60% 323 3.24% -387 -3.88% 9,973
Augusta County 1,067 56.54% 505 26.76% 282 14.94% 33 1.75% 562 29.78% 1,887
Bath County 283 52.50% 120 22.26% 110 20.41% 26 4.82% 163 30.24% 539
Bedford County 1,376 49.89% 616 22.34% 606 21.97% 160 5.80% 760 27.56% 2,758
Bland County 244 33.84% 213 29.54% 254 35.23% 10 1.39% -10[b] -1.39% 721
Botetourt County 513 43.11% 262 22.02% 332 27.90% 83 6.97% 181[b] 15.21% 1,190
Brunswick County 810 41.52% 376 19.27% 589 30.19% 176 9.02% 221[b] 11.33% 1,951
Buchanan County 386 16.78% 1,391 60.45% 494 21.47% 30 1.30% 897[c] 38.98% 2,301
Buckingham County 687 47.71% 218 15.14% 496 34.44% 39 2.71% 191[b] 13.26% 1,440
Campbell County 1,178 47.73% 880 35.66% 267 10.82% 143 5.79% 298 12.07% 2,468
Caroline County 697 53.66% 270 20.79% 235 18.09% 97 7.47% 427 32.87% 1,299
Carroll County 325 31.31% 260 25.05% 439 42.29% 14 1.35% -114[b] -10.98% 1,038
Charles City County 123 22.61% 264 48.53% 98 18.01% 59 10.85% -141 -25.92% 544
Charlotte County 1,211 58.81% 501 24.33% 308 14.96% 39 1.89% 710 34.48% 2,059
Chesterfield County 1,139 32.33% 1,360 38.60% 309 8.77% 715 20.30% -221 -6.27% 3,523
Clarke County 535 60.59% 175 19.82% 163 18.46% 10 1.13% 360 40.77% 883
Craig County 166 47.29% 79 22.51% 98 27.92% 8 2.28% 68[b] 19.37% 351
Culpeper County 999 59.68% 329 19.65% 278 16.61% 68 4.06% 670 40.02% 1,674
Cumberland County 345 37.34% 71 7.68% 437 47.29% 71 7.68% -92[b] -9.96% 924
Dickenson County 569 32.97% 956 55.39% 182 10.54% 19 1.10% -387 -22.42% 1,726
Dinwiddie County 488 31.83% 356 23.22% 196 12.79% 493 32.16% -5[d] -0.33% 1,533
Elizabeth City County 1,524 30.42% 2,424 48.38% 821 16.39% 241 4.81% -900 -17.96% 5,010
Essex County 451 62.99% 140 19.55% 88 12.29% 37 5.17% 311 43.44% 716
Fairfax County 2,118 36.54% 3,051 52.63% 455 7.85% 173 2.98% -933 -16.09% 5,797
Fauquier County 1,472 56.29% 652 24.93% 426 16.29% 65 2.49% 820 31.36% 2,615
Floyd County 115 35.49% 102 31.48% 95 29.32% 12 3.70% 13 4.01% 324
Fluvanna County 502 68.39% 162 22.07% 42 5.72% 28 3.81% 340 46.32% 734
Franklin County 1,376 49.64% 597 21.54% 579 20.89% 220 7.94% 779 28.10% 2,772
Frederick County 1,048 68.14% 297 19.31% 150 9.75% 43 2.80% 751 48.83% 1,538
Giles County 771 51.88% 507 34.12% 135 9.08% 73 4.91% 264 17.77% 1,486
Gloucester County 647 45.40% 216 15.16% 516 36.21% 46 3.23% 131[b] 9.19% 1,425
Goochland County 731 56.54% 334 25.83% 163 12.61% 65 5.03% 397 30.70% 1,293
Grayson County 721 37.30% 475 24.57% 723 37.40% 14 0.72% -2[b] -0.10% 1,933
Greene County 215 80.52% 36 13.48% 10 3.75% 6 2.25% 179 67.04% 267
Greensville County 612 41.21% 372 25.05% 109 7.34% 392 26.40% 220[d] 14.81% 1,485
Halifax County 2,453 58.80% 1,241 29.75% 234 5.61% 244 5.85% 1,212 29.05% 4,172
Hanover County 858 42.84% 719 35.90% 215 10.73% 211 10.53% 139 6.94% 2,003
Henrico County 1,762 37.85% 1,740 37.38% 484 10.40% 669 14.37% 22 0.47% 4,655
Henry County 678 36.79% 810 43.95% 266 14.43% 89 4.83% -132 -7.16% 1,843
Highland County 318 69.28% 43 9.37% 90 19.61% 8 1.74% 228[b] 49.67% 459
Isle of Wight County 437 26.48% 167 10.12% 1,002 60.73% 44 2.67% -565[b] -34.24% 1,650
James City County 131 34.38% 92 24.15% 74 19.42% 84 22.05% 39 10.24% 381
King and Queen County 264 50.97% 135 26.06% 92 17.76% 27 5.21% 129 24.90% 518
King George County 238 69.39% 71 20.70% 22 6.41% 12 3.50% 167 48.69% 343
King William County 278 35.23% 202 25.60% 237 30.04% 72 9.13% 41[b] 5.20% 789
Lancaster County 620 50.86% 448 36.75% 114 9.35% 37 3.04% 172 14.11% 1,219
Lee County 317 12.83% 1,698 68.74% 431 17.45% 24 0.97% 1,267[c] 51.30% 2,470
Loudoun County 1,489 60.43% 779 31.62% 163 6.62% 33 1.34% 710 28.81% 2,464
Louisa County 821 54.08% 499 32.87% 125 8.23% 73 4.81% 322 21.21% 1,518
Lunenburg County 1,073 49.38% 579 26.65% 374 17.21% 147 6.76% 494 22.73% 2,173
Madison County 433 67.66% 113 17.66% 58 9.06% 36 5.63% 320 50.00% 640
Mathews County 457 50.89% 333 37.08% 87 9.69% 21 2.34% 124 13.81% 898
Mecklenburg County 1,360 46.54% 845 28.92% 441 15.09% 276 9.45% 515 17.62% 2,922
Middlesex County 409 50.43% 147 18.13% 214 26.39% 41 5.06% 195[b] 24.04% 811
Montgomery County 1,008 53.14% 569 29.99% 277 14.60% 43 2.27% 439 23.14% 1,897
Nansemond County 654 30.97% 472 22.35% 851 40.29% 135 6.39% -197[b] -9.33% 2,112
Nelson County 661 41.44% 840 52.66% 54 3.39% 40 2.51% -179 -11.22% 1,595
New Kent County 189 39.96% 156 32.98% 74 15.64% 54 11.42% 33 6.98% 473
Norfolk County 2,131 26.49% 4,580 56.93% 831 10.33% 503 6.25% -2,449 -30.44% 8,045
Northampton County 1,181 60.35% 401 20.49% 286 14.61% 89 4.55% 780 39.86% 1,957
Northumberland County 393 52.54% 223 29.81% 110 14.71% 22 2.94% 170 22.73% 748
Nottoway County 774 38.37% 487 24.14% 449 22.26% 307 15.22% 287 14.23% 2,017
Orange County 870 51.60% 473 28.05% 266 15.78% 77 4.57% 397 23.55% 1,686
Page County 1,254 76.65% 296 18.09% 71 4.34% 15 0.92% 958 58.56% 1,636
Patrick County 1,338 77.12% 123 7.09% 223 12.85% 51 2.94% 1,115[b] 64.27% 1,735
Pittsylvania County 2,928 53.75% 2,032 37.30% 195 3.58% 292 5.36% 896 16.45% 5,447
Powhatan County 191 30.13% 178 28.08% 236 37.22% 29 4.57% -45[b] -7.10% 634
Prince Edward County 836 48.72% 332 19.35% 462 26.92% 86 5.01% 374[b] 21.79% 1,716
Prince George County 327 26.01% 431 34.29% 56 4.46% 443 35.24% -12[e] -0.95% 1,257
Prince William County 769 49.71% 357 23.08% 344 22.24% 77 4.98% 412 26.63% 1,547
Princess Anne County 2,437 67.98% 636 17.74% 310 8.65% 202 5.63% 1,801 50.24% 3,585
Pulaski County 1,157 61.18% 399 21.10% 288 15.23% 47 2.49% 758 40.08% 1,891
Rappahannock County 798 82.61% 126 13.04% 30 3.11% 12 1.24% 672 69.57% 966
Richmond County 468 55.65% 220 26.16% 86 10.23% 67 7.97% 248 29.49% 841
Roanoke County 1,688 46.60% 1,092 30.15% 613 16.92% 229 6.32% 596 16.45% 3,622
Rockbridge County 761 38.75% 874 44.50% 291 14.82% 38 1.93% -113 -5.75% 1,964
Rockingham County 1,241 61.16% 177 8.72% 578 28.49% 33 1.63% 663[b] 32.68% 2,029
Russell County 1,226 50.25% 409 16.76% 774 31.72% 31 1.27% 452[b] 18.52% 2,440
Scott County 531 26.17% 1,003 49.43% 484 23.85% 11 0.54% -472 -23.26% 2,029
Shenandoah County 1,259 75.48% 251 15.05% 118 7.07% 40 2.40% 1,008 60.43% 1,668
Smyth County 422 29.63% 290 20.37% 665 46.70% 47 3.30% -243[b] -17.06% 1,424
Southampton County 843 41.63% 652 32.20% 439 21.68% 91 4.49% 191 9.43% 2,025
Spotsylvania County 884 48.65% 817 44.96% 57 3.14% 59 3.25% 67 3.69% 1,817
Stafford County 670 52.80% 435 34.28% 115 9.06% 49 3.86% 235 18.52% 1,269
Surry County 315 36.80% 167 19.51% 268 31.31% 106 12.38% 47[b] 5.49% 856
Sussex County 712 49.69% 191 13.33% 339 23.66% 191 13.33% 373[b] 26.03% 1,433
Tazewell County 826 38.15% 561 25.91% 756 34.92% 22 1.02% 70[b] 3.23% 2,165
Warren County 1,226 63.82% 587 30.56% 75 3.90% 33 1.72% 639 33.26% 1,921
Warwick County 724 25.84% 915 32.66% 841 30.01% 322 11.49% 74[c] 2.64% 2,802
Washington County 484 26.74% 415 22.93% 885 48.90% 26 1.44% -401[b] -22.15% 1,810
Westmoreland County 576 58.78% 269 27.45% 105 10.71% 30 3.06% 307 31.33% 980
Wise County 1,108 25.41% 2,351 53.91% 810 18.57% 92 2.11% -1,243 -28.50% 4,361
Wythe County 981 59.67% 196 11.92% 448 27.25% 19 1.16% 533[b] 32.42% 1,644
York County 378 24.79% 605 39.67% 435 28.52% 107 7.02% 170[c] 11.15% 1,525
Alexandria City 2,230 34.09% 3,550 54.26% 425 6.50% 337 5.15% -1,320 -20.18% 6,542
Bristol City 484 26.74% 415 22.93% 885 48.90% 26 1.44% -401[b] -22.15% 1,810
Buena Vista City 264 46.73% 263 46.55% 32 5.66% 6 1.06% 1 0.18% 565
Charlottesville City 2,151 63.73% 1,084 32.12% 76 2.25% 64 1.90% 1,067 31.61% 3,375
Clifton Forge City 273 22.25% 759 61.86% 45 3.67% 150 12.22% -486 -39.61% 1,227
Colonial Heights City 196 22.02% 198 22.25% 145 16.29% 351 39.44% -153[e] -17.19% 890
Danville City 2,781 44.63% 2,475 39.72% 533 8.55% 442 7.09% 306 4.91% 6,231
Falls Church City 351 41.15% 435 51.00% 48 5.63% 19 2.23% -84 -9.85% 853
Fredericksburg City 942 44.96% 830 39.62% 125 5.97% 198 9.45% 112 5.35% 2,095
Hampton City 408 30.89% 557 42.17% 291 22.03% 65 4.92% -149 -11.28% 1,321
Harrisonburg City 975 62.30% 91 5.81% 438 27.99% 61 3.90% 537[b] 34.31% 1,565
Hopewell City 808 49.18% 291 17.71% 27 1.64% 517 31.47% 291[d] 17.71% 1,643
Lynchburg City 3,159 54.85% 1,908 33.13% 339 5.89% 353 6.13% 1,251 21.72% 5,759
Martinsville City 911 47.75% 808 42.35% 138 7.23% 51 2.67% 103 5.40% 1,908
Newport News City 831 17.94% 1,900 41.02% 1,577 34.05% 324 6.99% 323[c] 6.97% 4,632
Norfolk City 5,042 39.49% 5,261 41.21% 1,487 11.65% 977 7.65% -219 -1.72% 12,767
Petersburg City 969 24.51% 1,051 26.58% 262 6.63% 1,672 42.29% -621[e] -15.71% 3,954
Portsmouth City 1,515 26.25% 3,321 57.55% 691 11.97% 244 4.23% -1,806 -31.29% 5,771
Radford City 402 29.89% 652 48.48% 251 18.66% 40 2.97% -250 -18.59% 1,345
Richmond City 12,478 37.10% 13,668 40.64% 4,264 12.68% 3,225 9.59% -1,190 -3.54% 33,635
Roanoke City 5,563 44.47% 4,370 34.93% 1,626 13.00% 950 7.59% 1,193 9.54% 12,509
South Norfolk City 280 27.72% 497 49.21% 103 10.20% 130 12.87% -217 -21.49% 1,010
Staunton City 1,239 51.80% 600 25.08% 455 19.02% 98 4.10% 639 26.71% 2,392
Suffolk City 1,165 45.26% 732 28.44% 402 15.62% 275 10.68% 433 16.82% 2,574
Waynesboro City 508 37.08% 643 46.93% 140 10.22% 79 5.77% -135 -9.85% 1,370
Williamsburg City 213 27.66% 376 48.83% 89 11.56% 92 11.95% -163 -21.17% 770
Winchester City 1,134 65.89% 391 22.72% 101 5.87% 95 5.52% 743 43.17% 1,721
Totals 135,426 42.77% 111,697 35.28% 47,435 14.98% 22,054 6.97% 23,729 7.49% 316,612

General election

Candidates

Results

1949 Virginia gubernatorial election[17]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic John S. Battle 184,772 70.43% +3.85%
Republican Walter Johnson 71,991 27.44% −3.60%
Social Democratic Clarke T. Robb 5,569 2.12% +2.12%
Majority 112,781 42.99% +7.46%
Turnout 262,332
Democratic hold Swing

Results by county or independent city

1949 Virginia gubernatorial election by county or independent city[17]
John Stewart Battle
Democratic 		Walter Johnson
Republican 		Clarke T. Robb
Social Democratic 		Margin Total votes cast
# % # % # % # %
Accomack County 1,313 89.87% 138 9.45% 10 0.68% 1,175 80.42% 1,461
Albemarle County 1,831 85.24% 303 14.11% 14 0.65% 1,528 71.14% 2,148
Alleghany County 1,770 61.78% 1,022 35.67% 73 2.55% 748 26.11% 2,865
Amelia County 867 77.76% 236 21.17% 12 1.08% 631 56.59% 1,115
Amherst County 1,040 82.21% 212 16.76% 13 1.03% 828 65.45% 1,265
Appomattox County 1,224 93.29% 85 6.48% 3 0.23% 1,139 86.81% 1,312
Arlington County 8,563 62.31% 4,588 33.39% 591 4.30% 3,975 28.93% 13,742
Augusta County 1,226 67.77% 574 31.73% 9 0.50% 652 36.04% 1,809
Bath County 330 73.99% 114 25.56% 2 0.45% 216 48.43% 446
Bedford County 1,661 74.99% 530 23.93% 24 1.08% 1,131 51.06% 2,215
Bland County 671 58.71% 455 39.81% 17 1.49% 216 18.90% 1,143
Botetourt County 1,344 59.52% 878 38.88% 36 1.59% 466 20.64% 2,258
Brunswick County 1,109 91.58% 93 7.68% 9 0.74% 1,016 83.90% 1,211
Buchanan County 1,678 36.90% 2,727 59.96% 143 3.14% -1,049 -23.07% 4,548
Buckingham County 593 79.60% 135 18.12% 17 2.28% 458 61.48% 745
Campbell County 1,142 77.01% 319 21.51% 22 1.48% 823 55.50% 1,483
Caroline County 660 85.49% 97 12.56% 15 1.94% 563 72.93% 772
Carroll County 767 48.58% 773 48.96% 39 2.47% -6 -0.38% 1,579
Charles City County 234 61.42% 130 34.12% 17 4.46% 104 27.30% 381
Charlotte County 847 88.97% 97 10.19% 8 0.84% 750 78.78% 952
Chesterfield County 1,704 76.28% 493 22.07% 37 1.66% 1,211 54.21% 2,234
Clarke County 517 86.74% 76 12.75% 3 0.50% 441 73.99% 596
Craig County 331 64.15% 176 34.11% 9 1.74% 155 30.04% 516
Culpeper County 865 89.27% 95 9.80% 9 0.93% 770 79.46% 969
Cumberland County 365 80.22% 83 18.24% 7 1.54% 282 61.98% 455
Dickenson County 1,731 53.15% 1,364 41.88% 162 4.97% 367 11.27% 3,257
Dinwiddie County 815 90.35% 75 8.31% 12 1.33% 740 82.04% 902
Elizabeth City County 2,730 75.41% 834 23.04% 56 1.55% 1,896 52.38% 3,620
Essex County 471 85.17% 80 14.47% 2 0.36% 391 70.71% 553
Fairfax County 3,095 61.06% 1,806 35.63% 168 3.31% 1,289 25.43% 5,069
Fauquier County 1,197 88.14% 149 10.97% 12 0.88% 1,048 77.17% 1,358
Floyd County 377 45.26% 428 51.38% 28 3.36% -51 -6.12% 833
Fluvanna County 475 80.92% 101 17.21% 11 1.87% 374 63.71% 587
Franklin County 1,472 76.67% 416 21.67% 32 1.67% 1,056 55.00% 1,920
Frederick County 729 73.94% 236 23.94% 21 2.13% 493 50.00% 986
Giles County 1,145 65.80% 562 32.30% 33 1.90% 583 33.51% 1,740
Gloucester County 710 78.11% 187 20.57% 12 1.32% 523 57.54% 909
Goochland County 667 77.20% 191 22.11% 6 0.69% 476 55.09% 864
Grayson County 3,231 47.48% 3,484 51.20% 90 1.32% -253 -3.72% 6,805
Greene County 292 67.75% 123 28.54% 16 3.71% 169 39.21% 431
Greensville County 699 82.82% 128 15.17% 17 2.01% 571 67.65% 844
Halifax County 1,825 86.66% 269 12.77% 12 0.57% 1,556 73.88% 2,106
Hanover County 992 78.36% 258 20.38% 16 1.26% 734 57.98% 1,266
Henrico County 2,131 76.00% 631 22.50% 42 1.50% 1,500 53.50% 2,804
Henry County 830 60.94% 487 35.76% 45 3.30% 343 25.18% 1,362
Highland County 298 66.67% 141 31.54% 8 1.79% 157 35.12% 447
Isle of Wight County 707 84.17% 118 14.05% 15 1.79% 589 70.12% 840
James City County 209 77.99% 53 19.78% 6 2.24% 156 58.21% 268
King and Queen County 317 80.25% 67 16.96% 11 2.78% 250 63.29% 395
King George County 330 71.43% 112 24.24% 20 4.33% 218 47.19% 462
King William County 560 82.60% 102 15.04% 16 2.36% 458 67.55% 678
Lancaster County 598 75.22% 193 24.28% 4 0.50% 405 50.94% 795
Lee County 2,693 48.87% 2,631 47.74% 187 3.39% 62 1.13% 5,511
Loudoun County 1,487 85.61% 234 13.47% 16 0.92% 1,253 72.14% 1,737
Louisa County 861 76.06% 251 22.17% 20 1.77% 610 53.89% 1,132
Lunenburg County 1,288 87.38% 180 12.21% 6 0.41% 1,108 75.17% 1,474
Madison County 398 73.98% 135 25.09% 5 0.93% 263 48.88% 538
Mathews County 548 76.54% 161 22.49% 7 0.98% 387 54.05% 716
Mecklenburg County 1,275 85.46% 182 12.20% 35 2.35% 1,093 73.26% 1,492
Middlesex County 517 84.34% 90 14.68% 6 0.98% 427 69.66% 613
Montgomery County 1,652 59.42% 1,086 39.06% 42 1.51% 566 20.36% 2,780
Nansemond County 748 79.32% 176 18.66% 19 2.01% 572 60.66% 943
Nelson County 937 81.76% 175 15.27% 34 2.97% 762 66.49% 1,146
New Kent County 265 81.79% 54 16.67% 5 1.54% 211 65.12% 324
Norfolk County 2,639 66.69% 1,170 29.57% 148 3.74% 1,469 37.12% 3,957
Northampton County 861 88.67% 100 10.30% 10 1.03% 761 78.37% 971
Northumberland County 397 50.96% 381 48.91% 1 0.13% 16 2.05% 779
Nottoway County 1,532 87.34% 206 11.74% 16 0.91% 1,326 75.60% 1,754
Orange County 882 80.84% 188 17.23% 21 1.92% 694 63.61% 1,091
Page County 1,534 77.67% 397 20.10% 44 2.23% 1,137 57.57% 1,975
Patrick County 807 85.94% 124 13.21% 8 0.85% 683 72.74% 939
Pittsylvania County 2,498 85.52% 386 13.21% 37 1.27% 2,112 72.30% 2,921
Powhatan County 382 69.45% 163 29.64% 5 0.91% 219 39.82% 550
Prince Edward County 1,288 90.01% 134 9.36% 9 0.63% 1,154 80.64% 1,431
Prince George County 509 74.42% 164 23.98% 11 1.61% 345 50.44% 684
Prince William County 908 83.07% 166 15.19% 19 1.74% 742 67.89% 1,093
Princess Anne County 1,809 88.59% 203 9.94% 30 1.47% 1,606 78.65% 2,042
Pulaski County 1,467 68.58% 648 30.29% 24 1.12% 819 38.29% 2,139
Rappahannock County 591 91.49% 43 6.66% 12 1.86% 548 84.83% 646
Richmond County 334 78.40% 90 21.13% 2 0.47% 244 57.28% 426
Roanoke County 2,227 69.05% 926 28.71% 72 2.23% 1,301 40.34% 3,225
Rockbridge County 1,238 79.21% 309 19.77% 16 1.02% 929 59.44% 1,563
Rockingham County 2,120 63.86% 1,157 34.85% 43 1.30% 963 29.01% 3,320
Russell County 1,988 54.53% 1,583 43.42% 75 2.06% 405 11.11% 3,646
Scott County 2,532 47.11% 2,659 49.47% 184 3.42% -127 -2.36% 5,375
Shenandoah County 1,620 60.13% 1,041 38.64% 33 1.22% 579 21.49% 2,694
Smyth County 1,690 48.20% 1,563 44.58% 253 7.22% 127 3.62% 3,506
Southampton County 1,032 85.57% 155 12.85% 19 1.58% 877 72.72% 1,206
Spotsylvania County 850 66.10% 413 32.12% 23 1.79% 437 33.98% 1,286
Stafford County 591 62.08% 339 35.61% 22 2.31% 252 26.47% 952
Surry County 420 82.19% 49 9.59% 42 8.22% 371 72.60% 511
Sussex County 734 92.44% 54 6.80% 6 0.76% 680 85.64% 794
Tazewell County 1,305 51.58% 1,171 46.28% 54 2.13% 134 5.30% 2,530
Warren County 1,381 79.73% 320 18.48% 31 1.79% 1,061 61.26% 1,732
Warwick County 1,341 75.63% 405 22.84% 27 1.52% 936 52.79% 1,773
Washington County 1,489 59.63% 944 37.81% 64 2.56% 545 21.83% 2,497
Westmoreland County 508 81.02% 114 18.18% 5 0.80% 394 62.84% 627
Wise County 2,767 65.18% 1,347 31.73% 131 3.09% 1,420 33.45% 4,245
Wythe County 1,964 52.44% 1,730 46.19% 51 1.36% 234 6.25% 3,745
York County 700 72.46% 242 25.05% 24 2.48% 458 47.41% 966
Alexandria City 3,068 66.31% 1,421 30.71% 138 2.98% 1,647 35.60% 4,627
Bristol City 949 81.74% 191 16.45% 21 1.81% 758 65.29% 1,161
Buena Vista City 314 81.98% 62 16.19% 7 1.83% 252 65.80% 383
Charlottesville City 2,287 85.05% 381 14.17% 21 0.78% 1,906 70.88% 2,689
Clifton Forge City 857 60.87% 534 37.93% 17 1.21% 323 22.94% 1,408
Colonial Heights City 403 83.26% 79 16.32% 2 0.41% 324 66.94% 484
Danville City 3,560 86.37% 503 12.20% 59 1.43% 3,057 74.16% 4,122
Falls Church City 612 62.90% 314 32.27% 47 4.83% 298 30.63% 973
Fredericksburg City 1,665 77.77% 454 21.21% 22 1.03% 1,211 56.56% 2,141
Hampton City 794 84.20% 139 14.74% 10 1.06% 655 69.46% 943
Harrisonburg City 1,786 76.95% 521 22.45% 14 0.60% 1,265 54.50% 2,321
Hopewell City 808 71.76% 291 25.84% 27 2.40% 517 45.91% 1,126
Lynchburg City 2,389 80.76% 514 17.38% 55 1.86% 1,875 63.39% 2,958
Martinsville City 1,225 78.37% 317 20.28% 21 1.34% 908 58.09% 1,563
Newport News City 2,301 76.04% 667 22.04% 58 1.92% 1,634 54.00% 3,026
Norfolk City 7,154 77.44% 1,841 19.93% 243 2.63% 5,313 57.51% 9,238
Petersburg City 2,232 85.78% 327 12.57% 43 1.65% 1,905 73.21% 2,602
Portsmouth City 2,378 70.31% 860 25.43% 144 4.26% 1,518 44.88% 3,382
Radford City 1,124 62.07% 666 36.78% 21 1.16% 458 25.29% 1,811
Richmond City 17,681 76.90% 4,943 21.50% 369 1.60% 12,738 55.40% 22,993
Roanoke City 4,939 70.32% 1,934 27.53% 151 2.15% 3,005 42.78% 7,024
South Norfolk City 923 69.29% 351 26.35% 58 4.35% 572 42.94% 1,332
Staunton City 1,145 69.56% 489 29.71% 12 0.73% 656 39.85% 1,646
Suffolk City 650 80.75% 141 17.52% 14 1.74% 509 63.23% 805
Waynesboro City 826 78.44% 219 20.80% 8 0.76% 607 57.64% 1,053
Williamsburg City 381 85.81% 57 12.84% 6 1.35% 324 72.97% 444
Winchester City 1,432 79.60% 352 19.57% 15 0.83% 1,080 60.03% 1,799
Total 184,772 70.43% 71,991 27.44% 5,569 2.12% 112,781 42.99% 262,332

Notes

  1. ^ a b As in North Carolina, Tennessee and Oklahoma, the relative viability of Republican opposition in Virginia prevented most local Democrats, regardless of opposition to civil rights programs, endorsing Thurmond because of the possibility that a division of the Democrats would place the Republicans in control of the state.[11]
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac In this county or city where Miller ran third behind Battle and Edwards, margin given is Battle vote minus Edwards vote and percentage margin Battle percentage minus Edwards percentage.
  3. ^ a b c d e In this county or city where Battle ran third behind both Miller and Edwards, margin given is Miller vote minus Edwards vote and percentage margin Miller percentage minus Edwards percentage.
  4. ^ a b c In this county or cite where Arnold ran ahead of Miller and Edwards, margin given is Battle vote minus Arnold vote and percentage margin Battle percentage minus Arnold percentage.
  5. ^ a b c In this county or city where Arnold ran ahead of both Battle and Edwards, margin given is Miller vote minus Arnold vote and percentage margin Miller percentage minus Arnold percentage.

References

  1. ^ a b Kousser, J. Morgan (1974). The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, 1880-1910. Yale University Press. pp. 178–181. ISBN 0-300-01696-4.
  2. ^ Key, Valdimer Orlando (1949). Southern Politics in State and Nation. pp. 20–25.
  3. ^ a b Heersink, Boris; Jenkins, Jeffrey A. (March 19, 2020). Republican Party Politics and the American South, 1865-1968. Cambridge University Press. pp. 217–221. ISBN 978-1107158436.
  4. ^ Moger, Allen (1938). "The Rift in Virginia Democracy in 1896". The Journal of Southern History. 4 (3): 295–317. doi:10.2307/2191291. JSTOR 2191291.
  5. ^ Phillips, Kevin P. (1969). The Emerging Republican Majority. Arlington House. pp. 193, 219. ISBN 0870000586.
  6. ^ Heinemann, Ronald (August 4, 2023). "Prelude to Revolution: The Rise and Fall of the Byrd Organization, 1925–49". In Rozell, Mark; Milliken, John G. (eds.). The New Dominion: The Twentieth-Century Elections That Shaped Modern Virginia. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. ISBN 9780813949727.
  7. ^ Key, Valdimer Orlando (1949). Southern Politics in State and Nation. New York City: A.A. Knopf.
  8. ^ a b c d Henriques, Peter R. (July 1974). "The Organization Challenged: John S. Battle, Francis P. Miller, and Horace Edwards Run for Governor in 1949". The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. Harry Flood Byrd and the Democratic Organization in Virginia. 82 (3). Virginia Historical Society: 372–406.
  9. ^ Wilkinson III, J. Harvie (1968). Harry Byrd and the Changing Face of Virginia Politics 1945-1966. University of Virginia Press. pp. 92–93. ISBN 9780813902395.
  10. ^ "Democratic Entries in Virginia's Governor Race". The Evening Star. Washington, D.C. July 26, 1949. p. B—1.
  11. ^ Feldman, Glenn (2015). The Great Melding: War, the Dixiecrat Rebellion, and the Southern Model for America's New Conservatism. p. 235. ISBN 9780817318666.
  12. ^ Arnold, Remmie (February 7, 1950). "The Power to Tax Is the Power To Destroy". Letter to Robert Whitehead.
  13. ^ Horner, John V. (July 14, 1949). "Virginia Primary in Uproar Over Arnold Charged". The Evening Star. Washington, D.C. p. B—1.
  14. ^ Key. Southern Politics in State and Nation. pp. 27–31.
  15. ^ Preston, Alex R. (November 3, 1948). "Virginia Sticks to Democrats by 28,000 Votes". The Evening Star. Washington, D.C. p. B—1.
  16. ^ "VA Governor – D Primary – August 02, 1949". Our Campaigns.
  17. ^ a b "VA Governor Race – Nov 08, 1949". Our Campaigns.
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