Montceau-les-Mines lagerstätte

Montceau-les-Mines lagerstätte
Stratigraphic range: Late Stephanian[1]

The Montceau-les-Mines lagerstätte is a Carboniferous lagerstätte named after and located within the town of Montceau-les-Mines, France. It preserves numerous flora and fauna similar to those of the Mazon Creek fossil beds in the United States, such as temnospondyls, velvet worms, arachnids and more.

Paleobiota

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Panarthropods

Lobopodians

Lobopodia
Genus Species Higher taxon Notes Images
Antennipatus A. montceauensis IndeterminateOnychophora Earliest known definite onychophoran known from three specimens. Likely terrestrial.[2]
Part and counterpart of Antennipatus specimen
Palaeocampa P. anthrax Aysheaiidae First known freshwater and poisonous lobopodian[3]
French specimen of Palaeocampa anthrax

Arthropods

Arthropoda
Genus Species Higher taxon Notes Images
Alanops
= Liomesaspis birtwelli 		A. magnificus Xiphosura

Bellinuridae

Likely capable of volvation[4]
Alanops reconstruction
Ameticos A. scolos Opiliones

Dyspnoi

Very similar to modern harvestmen[5]
Macrogyion M. cronus Opiliones

Eupnoi

Very similar to modern harvestmen[5]
Hastocularis H. argus Opiliones

Tetrophthalmi

A basal harvestman[6]
Hastocularis argus reconstruction
Aphantomartus A. areolatus Trigonotarbida [7]
Trigonotarbus T. sp Trigonotarbida [7]
Idmonarachne I. brasieri Serikodiastida Similar to spiders, but lacked spinnerets[8]
Idmonarachne reconstruction
Palaeothele P. montceauensis Araneae

Mesothelae

First mesothele spider known, previously named “Eothele”[9]
Allobuthus A. pescei[10] ScorpionesAnthracoscorpionidae [7]
Coseleyscorpio C. lanceolatus Scorpiones [7]
Schramixerxes S. gerem Euthycarcinoidea Redescribed in 2008[11]
Sottyxerxes S. multiplex Euthycarcinoidea Redescribed in 2008[11]
Reconstruction of Sottyxerxes
Amynilyspes A. fatimae Oniscomorpha One of the rarest components of the fauna; only five found in over 20,000 concretions[12][13]
A. crescens fossil
Blanziulus B. parriati Xyloiulidae Likely terrestrial in nature[12]
Arthropleura A. sp Arthropleuridea Specimens from Montceau preserve the first known head anatomy of the genus[14]
Reconstruction of Arthropleura
Fossil of Arthropleura sp.
Sottyella S. montceauensis Phreatoicidea Found while searching for myriapods[15]
Chabardella C. spinosa Gorgonophontidae Bears spines on its segment margins[15]
Palaeocrangon? cf. P. sp Phreatoicidea Very fragmentary, may not belong to the genus[15]
Palaeocaris P. secretae

P. typus P. retractata

Syncarida Known from thousands of specimens[15][16]
Montcestheria M. orri Spinicaudata Relatively large spinicaudatan, reached around 2 cm length[17]
Euestheria E. feysi Spinicaudata Much smaller than Montcestheria[17]
Carbonita C. ?salteriana Podocopida Unclear whether it belongs to the genus[17]
Anebos A. phrixos Pterygota Interpreted as a stem-orthopteran,[18] yet bears similarities to some megasecopteran larvae?[19]
Fossil of Anebos
Phenopterum P. briggsi Grylloblattodea Redescribed alongside a Permian species in the same genus[20]
Montceaupterum M. baillyi Grylloblattodea Oldest member of its family (Euryptilonidae)[21]

Mollusks

Mollusca
Genus Species Higher taxon Notes Images
Anthraconaia A. lusitanica [7]

Vertebrates

Vertebrates
Montcellia[22] M. longidentata Nectridea

Urocordylidae

Formerly classed within Sauropleura[23]
Sauravus S. costei

S. spinosus

[7]
Montceaubatrachus M. platyrhynchus Temnospondyli

Amphibamiformes

Bears similarities to Gerobatrachus[24]
Actinodon A. sp [7]
Micromelerpeton M. boyi TemnospondyliMicromelerpetidae [7]
Nyranerpeton N. montceauense TemnospondyliMicromelerpetidae Another species known from the Kladno Formation[24]
Indeterminate Temnospondyli

Archegosauridae?

Originally described as Actinodon[25]
Branchiosaurus B. petrolei Temnospondyli

Branchiosauridae

[7]
Bourbonnella B. sottyi

B. fourrieri

Aeduellidae Likely lived across the tropics during the latest Carboniferous[26]
B. sottyi fossil
Platysella P. descusi Aeduellidae
Myxineidus M. gonorum Cyclostomi Debated as to whether the genus is a hagfish[27] or lamprey[28]
M. gonorum fossil
Expleuracanthus E. sp. Xenacanthiformes A freshwater xenacanth shark, known from dorsal spines from the "Fish Shale Bed"[29]
A xenacanthid spine from Montceau-Les-Mines
Sagenodus S. sp. Dipnoi A fragmentary lungfish probably within the genus Sagenodus[29]
Skull roof of Sagenodus copeanus
Acanthodes A. sp. Acanthodidae Fragmentary remains of Acanthodes are known from the "Fish Shale Bed" and some nodules[29]
Reconstruction of Acanthodes lopatini
Phlegethontia P. sp. Aistopoda A snake-like lepospondyl tetrapod[30]
Reconstruction of Phlegethontia as a terrestrial animal

Plants

Ferns (Polypodiopsida)

Genus Species Higher taxon Notes Images
Annularia A. mucronata

A. sphenophylloides A. spicata A. stellata

Calamitaceae A form taxon assigned to the leaves of Calamites.[31]
Annularia stellata
Asterophyllites A. equisetiformis Calamitaceae [31]
Calamites C. cistii

C. cruciatus C. sp.

Calamitaceae A genus of tree-like horsetail closely related to the modern Equisetum.[31]
Fossil stems of Calamites
Calamostachys C. tuberculata Calamitaceae
Sphenophyllostachys S. sp. Sphenophyllales [31]
Sphenophyllum S. angustifolium

S. longifolium S. oblongifolium

Sphenophyllales [31]
Sphenophyllum miravallis
Pecopteris P. cyathea

P. feminaeformis P. hemitelioides P. lepidorachis P. miltoni P. platonii P. polymorpha P. pseudo-oreopteridia P. unita P. aff. affinis P. aff. elaverica

P. aff. launayi P. sp.

Marattiaceae A common form of fern leaf[31]
Pecopteris palacea

Seed ferns (Pteridospermatophyta)

Genus Species Higher taxon Notes Images
Sphenopteris S. cristata

S. leptophylla S. aff. picandeti

S. sp.

Lyginopteridaceae [31]
Sphenopteris fossil from France
Alethopteris A. zeilleri

A. sp.

Alethopteridaceae [31]
Alethopteris fossil
Callipteridium C. costei Cyclopteridaceae [31]
Callipteridium gigas
Dicksonites D. pluckenetii

D. sterzelii

Callistophytales [31]
Linopterus L. sp. [31]
Neuropteris N. cordata

N. planchardi N. sp.

Neurodontopteridaceae [31]
Neuropteris fossil
Odontopteris O. minor

O. reichiana O. subcrenulata

Pteridospermophyta [31]
Odontopteris minor
Pseudomariopteris P. sp. Pteridospermophyta [31]

Conifers (Gymnospermae)

Genus Species Higher taxon Notes Images
Taeniopteris T. jejunata Cycadophyta [31]
Taeniopteris jejunata
Cordaitanthus C. aff. baccifer

C. sp.

Cordaitales [31]
Cordaites C. sp. Cordaitales [31]
Cordaites lungatus

References

  1. ^ Perrier, Vincent; Charbonnier, Sylvain (July 2014). "The Montceau-les-Mines Lagerstätte (Late Carboniferous, France)". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 13 (5): 353–367. Bibcode:2014CRPal..13..353P. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2014.03.002.
  2. ^ Garwood, Russell J.; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Charbonnier, Sylvain; Chabard, Dominique; Sotty, Daniel; Giribet, Gonzalo (September 2016). "Carboniferous Onychophora from Montceau-les-Mines, France, and onychophoran terrestrialization". Invertebrate Biology. 135 (3): 179–190. doi:10.1111/ivb.12130. PMC 5042098. PMID 27708504.
  3. ^ Knecht, Richard J.; McCall, Christian R. A.; Tsai, Cheng-Chia; Rabideau Childers, Richard A.; Yu, Nanfang (23 July 2025). "Palaeocampa anthrax, an armored freshwater lobopodian with chemical defenses from the Carboniferous". Communications Biology. 8 (1). doi:10.1038/s42003-025-08483-0.
  4. ^ Racheboeuf, Patrick R.; Vannier, Jean; Anderson, Lyall I. (January 2002). "A New Three-Dimensionally Preserved Xiphosuran Chelicerate from the Montceau-Les-Mines Lagerstätte (Carboniferous, France)". Palaeontology. 45 (1): 125–147. Bibcode:2002Palgy..45..125R. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00230.
  5. ^ a b Garwood, Russell J.; Dunlop, Jason A.; Giribet, Gonzalo; Sutton, Mark D. (23 August 2011). "Anatomically modern Carboniferous harvestmen demonstrate early cladogenesis and stasis in Opiliones". Nature Communications. 2 (1): 444. Bibcode:2011NatCo...2..444G. doi:10.1038/ncomms1458. PMID 21863011.
  6. ^ Garwood, Russell J.; Sharma, Prashant P.; Dunlop, Jason A.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2014). "A Paleozoic Stem Group to Mite Harvestmen Revealed through Integration of Phylogenetics and Development". Current Biology. 24 (9): 1017–1023. Bibcode:2014CBio...24.1017G. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.039. PMID 24726154.
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