Hokkaido at-large district

Hokkaido at-large district
北海道選挙区
Parliamentary constituency
for the House of Councillors
PrefectureHokkaido
Electorate4,424,026 (as of September 2022)[1]
Current constituency
Created1947
Seats6
CouncillorsClass of 2019:
  •   Harumi Takahashi (LDP)
  •   Kenji Katsube (CDP)
  •   Tsuyohito Iwamoto (LDP)

Class of 2022:

The Hokkaido at-large district is a constituency of the House of Councillors in the Diet of Japan (national legislature). It consists of the prefecture (dō) of Hokkai[dō] and is represented by six Councillors electing three at a time every three years by single non-transferable vote for six-year terms. In the election period from 2019 to 2022, Hokkaido's Councillors are (party affiliation as of September 2019):

After the House of Councillors had replaced the House of Peers according to the constitution of 1947, Hokkaido was represented by eight Councillors. In the early years of the 1955 System, all four seats went to the two major postwar parties, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the Japan Socialist Party (JSP). But smaller parties such as the Japanese Communist Party (JCP) had a chance to pick up seats in Hokkaido as the vote share sufficient to gain a seat was often significantly below 20 percent. The high number of candidates increased the risk of vote splitting for the major parties: In 1974, two incumbent LDP candidates and conservative independent Tatsuo Takahashi ranked 5th, 6th and 7th leaving all four seats to the center-left to left opposition parties Kōmeitō, JSP and JCP.

In a major reapportionment in 1994 the number of Councillors from Hokkaido was halved to four. It became effective in the 1995 and 1998 elections. During the period as two-member district, Hokkaidō usually split seats evenly between opposition and ruling parties like most two-member districts – although the Democrats unsuccessfully aimed for both seats in the 2004, 2007 and 2010 elections. In another 2015 reapportionment, effective in the two classes from the 2016 and 2019 elections, Hokkaidō's representation in the upper house was raised to six.

Elected Councillors

class of 1947 election year class of 1950
#1
(1947: #1, 6-year term)
(1950: #5, 3-year term) 		#2
(1947: #2, 6-year term) 		#3
(1947: #3, 6-year term) 		#4
(1947: #4, 6-year term) 		#1
(1947: #5, 3-year term) 		#2
(1947: #6, 3-year term) 		#3
(1947: #7, 3-year term) 		#4
(1947: #8, 3-year term)
Junsuke Itaya †
(JLP) 		Sueji Hori
(Indep.) 		Makoto Chiba
(JSP) 		Misao Kaga
(Indep.)[party 1] 		1947[2] Katsuzō Wakaki
(Indep.)[party 2] 		Gengo Kinoshita
(JSP) 		Keiki Machimura
(Indep.)[party 3] 		Yonesaburō Kobayashi
(Indep.) [party 4]
Eiji Arima
(DP) 		1950
incl. by-election[3] 		Gengo Kinoshita
(JSP) 		Takashi Azuma
(Farmers Cooperative Party) 		Katsuzō Wakaki
(JSP) 		Sadayoshi Matsuura
(Farmers Cooperative Party)
Makoto Chiba
(JSP, left) 		Katsutarō Kita
(Indep.)[party 5] 		Sueji Hori
(Yoshida LP) 		Eiji Arima
(Progressive) 		1953[4]
1956[5] Hidetoshi Tomabechi
(LDP) 		Tadashi Ōya
(JSP) 		Takashi Azuma
(JSP) 		Shinichi Nishida
(LDP)
Isao Yoneta
(JSP) 		Sueji Hori
(LDP) 		Ihei Ikawa
(LDP) 		Makoto Chiba
(JSP) 		1959[6]
1962[7] Tadashi Ōya
(JSP) 		Tokuichi Kobayashi
(Indep.)[party 6] 		Chūzaburō Yoshida
(JSP)
Seiichi Kawamura
(JSP) 		Ihei Ikawa
(LDP) 		Yūnosuke Takahashi
(LDP) 		Genshō Takeda
(JSP) 		1965[8]
1968[9] Yōichi Kawaguchi
(LDP) 		Shinichi Nishida
(LDP) 		Chūzaburō Yoshida
(JSP)
Yūnosuke Takahashi
(LDP) 		Seiichi Kawamura
(JSP) 		Genshō Takeda
(JSP) 		Masaichi Iwamoto
(LDP) 		1971[10]
1974[11] Sadako Ogasawara
(JCP) 		Chūzaburō Yoshida
(JSP) 		Takakatsu Tsushima
(JSP) 		Takehiko Aizawa
(Kōmeitō)
Shūji Kita
(LDP) 		Keiichi Nakamura
(LDP) 		Kaneyasu Marutani
(JSP) 		Seiichi Kawamura
(JSP) 		1977[12]
1980[13] Masaaki Takagi
(LDP) 		Masamitsu Iwamoto
(LDP) 		Sadako Ogasawara
(JCP)
Hisamitsu Sugano
(JSP) 		Masami Kudō
(LDP) 		1983[14]
1986[15] Takakatsu Tsushima
(JSP) 		Masaaki Takagi
(LDP)
Yasuko Takemura
(Indep.)[party 7] 		Shūji Kita
(LDP) 		Yūko Takasaki
(JCP) 		1989[16]
1992[17] Hisashi Kazama
(Kōmeitō) 		Noriyuki Nakao
(Indep.)[party 8] 		Naoki Minezaki
(JSP) 		Masaaki Takagi
(LDP)
Hisamitsu Sugano
(JSP) 		Katsuya Ogawa
(NFP) 		– 1995[18]
1998[19] Naoki Minezaki
(DPJ) 		Yoshio Nakagawa
(LDP) 		–
Chūichi Date
(LDP) 		Katsuya Ogawa
(DPJ) 		2001[20]
2004[21] Yoshio Nakagawa
(LDP) 		Naoki Minezaki
(DPJ)
Katsuya Ogawa
(DPJ) 		Chūichi Date
(LDP) 		2007[22]
2010[23] Gaku Hasegawa
(LDP) 		Eri Tokunaga
(DPJ)
Chūichi Date
(LDP) 		Katsuya Ogawa
(DPJ) 		2013[24]
2016[25] Eri Tokunaga
(DP) 		Yoshio Hachiro
(DP) 		–
Harumi Takahashi
(LDP) 		Kenji Katsube
(CDP) 		Tsuyohito Iwamoto
(LDP) 		– 2019[26]
  1. ^ joined Ryokufūkai
  2. ^ joined JSP
  3. ^ joined Ryokufūkai
  4. ^ joined JLP
  5. ^ joined Ryokufūkai
  6. ^ joined LDP
  7. ^ JSP support
  8. ^ JSP support

Recent election results

Notes:

  • Decimals from anbunhyō ("fractional proportional votes" from ambiguous votes) omitted; note that the rounded whole numbers may still include fractions of numbers >2 of ambiguous votes and do not necessarily represent "whole" voters
  • Change in vote is between each election not between last time candidate contested.

Elections in the 2020s

2025: Hokkaido at-large 3 seats[27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
LDP Harumi Takahashi 546,118 21.51 Decrease12.85
CDP (Social Democratic) Kenji Katsube 501,081 19.73 Decrease2.00
LDP (Komeito) Tsuyohito Iwamoto 333,558 13.14 Decrease5.71
Sanseitō Yoshito Tanaka 325,070 12.80 Increase9.58
DPP Masaki Suzuki 324,272 12.77 Increase8.87
JCP Shiori Miyauchi 147,880 5.82 Decrease1.16
Reiwa Kazutaka Nomura Paterson 139,301 5.49 new
CPJ Masaru Onodera 112,076 4.41 new
Ishin Miwako Okada 56,253 2.22 new
Team Mirai Muneyoshi Inahara 33,038 1.30 new
Anti-NHK Tomoko Gotō 13,144 0.52 new
Japan Reform Party Yasuji Takasugi 7,420 0.29 new
Turnout 59.69 Increase5.71
Registered electors 4,364,914
Party total seats Won Total Change
Liberal Democratic 2 4 Steady
Constitutional Democratic 1 2 Steady
Total 3 6 N/A
2022: Hokkaido at-large 3 seats[28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
LDP (Komeito) Gaku Hasegawa 595,033 25.45 Decrease8.91
CDP (Social Democratic) Eri Tokunaga 455,057 19.47 Decrease2.26
LDP (Komeito) Toshimitsu Funahashi 447,232 19.13 Increase0.28
CDP (Reiwa) Tomohiro Ishikawa 422,392 18.07 new
JCP Kazuya Hatayama 163,252 6.98 Decrease4.05
DPP Hidetake Usuki 91,127 3.90 Decrease5.53
Sanseitō Kotaro Ohmura 75,299 3.22 new
Anti-NHK Tadayuki Saito 23,039 0.99
Anti-NHK Yoshie Ishii 18,831 0.81
Anti-NHK Satoshi Hamada 18,760 0.80
New Party Kunimori Eiichi Sawada 16,006 0.68 new
Happiness Realization Yoshinori Moriyama 11,625 0.50 Steady
Turnout 53.98 Increase0.22
Registered electors 4,465,576
Party total seats Won Total Change
Liberal Democratic 2 4 Increase1
Constitutional Democratic 1 2 Decrease1
Total 3 6 N/A

Elections in the 2010s

2019: Hokkaido at-large 3 seats[26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
LDP Harumi Takahashi 828,220 34.36 Increase8.89
CDP Kenji Katsube 523,737 21.73 new
LDP Tsuyohito Iwamoto 454,285 18.85 Decrease0.11
JCP Kazuya Hatayama 265,862 11.03 Increase1.62
DPP Nami Haraya 227,174 9.43 new
Anti-NHK Takahira Yamamoto 63,308 2.63 new
CES Osamu Nakamura 23,785 0.99 Decrease0.15
Happiness Realization Yoshinori Moriyama 13,724 0.57 Decrease0.26
Workers Party Aiming for Liberation of Labour Seiji Iwase 10,108 0.42 new
Turnout 53.76 Decrease3.02
Registered electors 4,560,237
Party total seats Won Total Change
Liberal Democratic 2 4 Increase1
Constitutional Democratic 1 3 Steady
Total 3 6 Increase1
2016: Hokkaido at-large 3 seats[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
LDP Gaku Hasegawa 648,269 25.47 Decrease12.23
Democratic Eri Tokunaga 559,996 22.00 Decrease2.36
Democratic Yoshio Hachiro 491,129 19.29 new
LDP Katsuhiro Kakiki 482,688 18.96 new
JCP Tsuneto Mori 239,564 9.41 Decrease1.94
Japanese Kokoro Kazuo Satō 34,092 1.34 new
Shiji Seitō Nashi Osamu Nakamura 29,072 1.14 new
Independent Yoshihiro Iida 26,686 1.05 new
Happiness Realization Yoshinori Moriyama 21,006 0.83 Decrease0.14
Independent Kan'yō Mizukoshi 12,944 0.51 new
Turnout 56.78 Increase2.37
Registered electors 4,613,374
Party total seats Won Total Change
Democratic 2 3 Increase1
LDP 1 2 Steady
Total 3 5 Increase1
2013: Hokkaido at-large 2 seats[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
LDP Chūichi Date 903,693 37.70 Increase3.43
Democratic Katsuya Ogawa 583,995 24.36 Decrease1.24
NP-Daichi Takahiro Asano 352,434 14.70 new
JCP Tsuneto Mori 272,102 11.35 Increase4.11
Your Takanobu Azumi 261,802 10.92 Decrease0.25
Happiness Realization Yoshinori Moriyama 23,194 0.97 Increase0.17
Turnout 54.41 Decrease7.48
Registered electors 4,598,957
Party total seats Won Total Change
LDP 1 2 Steady
Democratic 1 2 Steady
Total 2 4 N/A


2010: Hokkaido at-large 2 seats[23]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
LDP Gaku Hasegawa 948,267 34.27 Increase7.48
Democratic Eri Tokunaga 708,523 25.60 Decrease10.43
Democratic Masashi Fujikawa 567,167 20.49 new
Your Ken'ichi Nakagawa 320,992 11.60 new
JCP Kazuya Hatayama 200,231 7.24 Steady
Happiness Realization Makoto Ōbayashi 22,166 0.80 new
Turnout 2,849,955 61.89[29] Decrease0.51
Registered electors 4,604,561
Party total seats Won Total Change
Liberal Democratic 1 2 Steady
Democratic 1 2 Steady
Total 2 4 N/A

Elections in the 2000s

2007: Hokkaido at-large 2 seats[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Katsuya Ogawa 1,018,597 36.03 Increase13.73
LDP Chūichi Date 757,463 26.79 Steady
Independent (NP-Daichi) Kaori Sahara 621,497 21.98 new
JCP Kazuya Hatayama 206,463 7.30 Decrease1.85
Independent Hideyoshi Hashiba 103,282 3.65 new
Social Democratic Takao Asano 79,474 2.81 Decrease1.03
Independent Masayuki Arakawa 22,154 0.78 new
Ishin Seito Shimpu Nobuhito Sendai 18,234 0.64 Steady
Turnout 2,907,079 62.40[30] Increase0.66
Registered electors 4,658,649
Party total seats Won Total Change
Democratic 1 2 Steady
Liberal Democratic 1 2 Steady
Total 2 4 N/A
2004: Hokkaido at-large 2 seats[21]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
LDP Yoshio Nakagawa 741,831 26.70 Decrease12.56
Democratic Naoki Minezaki 618,277 22.25 Decrease4.99
Democratic Masahito Nishikawa 552,993 19.90 new
Independent Muneo Suzuki 485,382 17.47 new
JCP Chiharu Oka 254,338 9.15 Decrease2.19
Social Democratic Keiko Yamauchi 106,631 3.84 Decrease2.76
Ishin Seito Shimpu Nobuhito Sendai 19,020 0.68 Increase0.18
Turnout 61.74 Increase3.27
Registered electors 4,639,372
Party total seats Won Total Change
Liberal Democratic 1 2 Steady
Democratic 1 2 Steady
Total 2 4 N/A
2001: Hokkaido at-large 2 seats[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
LDP Chūichi Date 985,274 39.26 Increase11.18
Democratic Katsuya Ogawa 683,704 27.24 Decrease3.98
JCP Satoshi Miyauchi 284,575 11.34 Decrease12.14
Liberal Masahito Nishikawa 196,348 7.82 Increase1.55
Social Democratic Yoshiko Sugiyama 165,670 6.60 Increase0.93
Women's Party Tamiko Matsumura 87,597 3.49 new
Independent Mitsuhiro Yokoyama 36,119 1.44 new
Liberal League Akifumi Kumagai 33,500 1.33 Increase0.07
New Socialist Nobuyuki Saitō 25,261 1.01 new
Ishin Seito Shimpu Nobuhito Sendai 11,469 0.46 Increase0.18
Turnout 58.47 Decrease1.43
Registered electors 4,623,468
Party total seats Won Total Change
Liberal Democratic 1 2 Increase1
Democratic 1 3 Increase1
Socialist 0 0 Decrease1
New Frontier 0 0 Decrease1[a]
Total 2 4 N/A


Elections in the 1990s

1998: Hokkaido at-large 2 seats[19]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Naoki Minezaki 804,611 31.22 new
LDP Yoshio Nakagawa 723,786 28.08 Increase3.85
JCP Tomoko Uchiyama 605,119 23.48 Increase4.01
Liberal Kentarō Ono 161,505 6.27 new
Social Democratic (NP-Sakigake) Shirō Kayano 146,159 5.67 new
New Socialist Masami Mizuyoshi 34,374 1.33 new
Youth Liberal Party Ken'ichi Sawada 33,390 1.30 new
Liberal League Ryōko Matsukawa 32,557 1.26 new
Independent Hideo Murata 28,480 1.11 new
Ishin Seito Shimpu Nobuhito Sendai 7,249 0.28 new
Turnout 59.9 Increase12.98
Registered electors 4,523,366
Party total seats Won Total Change
Democratic Party 1 3 new
Liberal Democratic 1 1 Steady
Kōmeitō 0 0 Decrease1
Independent 0 0 Decrease1
Total 2 4 Decrease2
1995: Hokkaido at-large 2 seats[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Socialist Hisamitsu Sugano 563,029 27.91 Increase10.94
New Frontier Katsuya Ogawa 511,139 25.34 new
LDP Yoshitaka Kimoto 488,807 24.23 Increase8.53
JCP Yūko Takasaki 392,714 19.47 Increase5.97
Atarashii Jidai o Tsukuru Tō Etsuko Yoshino 40,106 1.99 new
Independent Hiroshi Maeya 21,716 1.08 Increase0.47
Turnout 46.92
Registered electors 4,444,356
Party total seats Won Total Change
Socialist 1 2 Decrease1
Liberal Democratic 0 1 Decrease1
New Frontier 1 1 Increase1
Independent 0 1 Decrease1
Communist 0 0 Decrease1
Kōmeitō 0 1 Steady
Total 2 6 Decrease2
1992: Hokkaido at-large 4 seats[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Kōmeitō Hisashi Kazama 500,717 20.19 new
Independent (Socialist) Noriyuki Nakao 424,818 17.13 new
Socialist Naoki Minezaki 420,994 16.97 Decrease7.78
LDP Masaaki Takagi 389,317 15.70 Decrease1.62
LDP Masamitsu Iwamoto 381,089 15.36 Increase0.83
JCP Yasuyo Ikari 334,840 13.50 Decrease2.31
Independent Hiroshi Maetani 15,166 0.61 Increase0.06
Small Business and Life Party Nobuyuki Mori 13,301 0.54 new
Party total seats Won Total Change
Socialist 1 2 Steady
Liberal Democratic 1 2 Decrease1
Independent 1 2 Increase1
Kōmeitō 1 1 Increase1
Communist 0 1 Decrease1
Total 4 8 N/A

Elections in the 1980s

1989: Hokkaido at-large 4 seats[32]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent (Socialist) Yasuko Takemura 727,015 25.37 new
Socialist Hisamitsu Sugano 709,064 24.75 Increase2.17
LDP Shūji Kita 496,013 17.32 Decrease3.24
JCP Yūko Takasaki 453,013 15.81 Decrease1.64
LDP Masami Kudō 416,408 14.53 Decrease5.73
Greens Emiko Yamashita 23,633 0.82 Decrease0.36
Independent Toma Kazuma 17,818 0.62 new
Independent Hiroshi Maetani 15,685 0.55 new
Japan Youth Association Hidetoshi Yashima 6,383 0.22 new
Turnout 70.90 Decrease3.14
Party total seats Won Total Change
Liberal Democratic 1 3 Decrease1
Socialist 1 2 Decrease1
Communist 1 2 Increase1
Independent 1 1 Increase1
Total 4 8 N/A
1986: Hokkaido at-large 4 seats[33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Socialist Takakatsu Tsushima 640,834 22.58 Increase2.49
LDP Masamitsu Iwatomo 583,457 20.56 Decrease7.37
LDP Masaaki Takagi 575,105 20.26 Increase3.50
JCP Sadako Ogasawara 495,254 17.45 Increase6.30
Independent (Socialist) Hiroshi Tsuchida 462,999 16.31 new
Greens Fusako Nogami 33,504 1.18 new
Socialist Workers' Party Junji Gōda 24,539 0.86 new
Independent Rihei Tōbe 22,277 0.78 new
Turnout 74.04 Increase16.92
Registered electors 4,071,178
Party total seats Won Total Change
Liberal Democratic 2 4 Steady
Socialist 1 3 Steady
Communist 1 1 Steady
Total 4 8 N/A
1983: Hokkaido at-large 4 seats[34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
LDP Shūji Kita 612,390 27.93 Increase7.18
Socialist Hisamitsu Sugano 396,159 18.07 Increase2.84
Socialist Kaneyasu Marutani 383,704 17.50 Increase3.10
LDP Masami Kudō 367,392 16.76 Decrease2.66
JCP Kenji Kodama 244,370 11.15 Decrease4.05
Democratic Socialist Yoshida Kogi 156,582 7.14 new
Independent Hiroshi Maetani 31,918 1.46 new
Turnout 57.12 Decrease19.16
Registered electors 3,977,673
Party total seats Won Total Change
Liberal Democratic 2 4 Steady
Socialist 2 3 Steady
Communist 0 1 Steady
Total 4 8 N/A
1980: Hokkaido at-large 4 seats[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
LDP Masaaki Takagi 588,100 20.75 Increase0.46
LDP Masamitsu Iwatomo 550,531 19.42 Increase1.08
Socialist Takakatsu Tsushima 431,770 15.23 Decrease0.59
JCP Sadako Ogasawara 431,006 15.20 Increase9.66
Socialist Sakashita Tadashi 408,241 14.40 Increase2.31
Kōmeitō Takehito Aizawa 405,964 14.32 Increase2.23
Marxist Youth Workers Alliance Taku Sakaki 19,157 0.68 new
Turnout 76.28 Increase2.61
Registered electors 3,846,154
Party total seats Won Total Change
Liberal Democratic 2 4 Increase2
Socialist 1 3 Decrease1
Communist 1 1 Steady
Kōmeitō 0 0 Decrease1
Total 4 8 N/A

Elections in the 1970s

1977: Hokkaido at-large 4 seats[36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
LDP Shūji Kita 544,725 20.29 Increase6.45
LDP Keiichi Nakamura 492,365 18.34 Increase4.74
Socialist Kaneyasu Marutani 424,686 15.82 Increase0.24
Socialist Seiichi Kawamura 346,111 12.89 Decrease2.36
Kōmeitō Yoshio Koito 324,520 12.09 Decrease2.07
New Liberal Club Yoshinori Bandō 314,726 11.72 new
JCP Kenji Kodama 229,416 8.54 Decrease7.19
Independent Hiromitsu Asanuma 4,663 0.17 new
Independent Masahiro Azuma 3,627 0.14 new
Turnout 73.67 Decrease2.19
Registered electors 3,710,790
1974: Hokkaido at-large 4 seats[37]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
JCP Sadako Ogasawara 416,950 15.73 Increase4.34
Socialist Chūsaburō Yoshida 412,746 15.58 Decrease3.74
Socialist Takakatsu Tsushima 404,136 15.25 Decrease2.39
Kōmeitō Takehiko Aizawa 375,278 14.16 new
LDP Youichi Kawaguchi 366,788 13.84 Decrease6.31
LDP Shinichi Nishida 360,438 13.60 Decrease1.71
Independent Tatsuo Takahashi[b] 313,521 11.83 new
Turnout 75.86 Increase16.13
Registered electors 3,556,162
1971: Hokkaido at-large 4 seats[39]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
LDP Yūnosuke Takahashi 394,931 20.15 Decrease1.11
Socialist Seiichi Kawamura 378,619 19.32 Decrease2.96
Socialist Genshō Takeda 345,769 17.64 Decrease0.96
LDP Masaichi Iwamoto 300,055 15.31 Decrease5.78
LDP Ihei Ikawa 256,694 13.10 new
JCP Hisaya Igarashi 223,271 11.39 Increase5.05
Independent Kunio Fujimoto 60,359 3.08 Increase1.08
Turnout 59.73 Decrease6.63
Registered electors 3,425,367

Notes

  1. ^ NFP merged into the DPJ, with Katsuya Ogawa retaining the seat he won previously under NFP
  2. ^ endorsed by Seirankai, a faction of the LDP, following internal disagreements over the nomination of the two incumbents [38]

References

  1. ^ "総務省｜令和4年9月1日現在選挙人名簿及び在外選挙人名簿登録者数" [Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications - Number of registered voters as of 1 September 2022] (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  2. ^ 参議院>第1回参議院議員選挙>北海道選挙区. senkyo.janjan.jp ザ･選挙 (in Japanese). Heartbeats. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
  3. ^ 参議院>第2回参議院議員選挙>北海道選挙区. senkyo.janjan.jp ザ･選挙 (in Japanese). Heartbeats. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
  4. ^ 参議院>第3回参議院議員選挙>北海道選挙区. senkyo.janjan.jp ザ･選挙 (in Japanese). Heartbeats. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
  5. ^ 参議院>第4回参議院議員選挙>北海道選挙区. senkyo.janjan.jp ザ･選挙 (in Japanese). Heartbeats. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
  6. ^ 参議院>第5回参議院議員選挙>北海道選挙区. senkyo.janjan.jp ザ･選挙 (in Japanese). Heartbeats. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
  7. ^ 参議院>第6回参議院議員選挙>北海道選挙区. senkyo.janjan.jp ザ･選挙 (in Japanese). Heartbeats. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
  8. ^ 参議院>第7回参議院議員選挙>北海道選挙区. senkyo.janjan.jp ザ･選挙 (in Japanese). Heartbeats. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
  9. ^ 参議院>第8回参議院議員選挙>北海道選挙区. senkyo.janjan.jp ザ･選挙 (in Japanese). Heartbeats. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
  10. ^ 参議院>第9回参議院議員選挙>北海道選挙区. senkyo.janjan.jp ザ･選挙 (in Japanese). Heartbeats. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
  11. ^ 参議院>第10回参議院議員選挙>北海道選挙区. senkyo.janjan.jp ザ･選挙 (in Japanese). JANJAN. Retrieved 2010-05-09.
  12. ^ 参議院>第11回参議院議員選挙>北海道選挙区. senkyo.janjan.jp ザ･選挙 (in Japanese). Heartbeats. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
  13. ^ 参議院>第12回参議院議員選挙>北海道選挙区. senkyo.janjan.jp ザ･選挙 (in Japanese). Heartbeats. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
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