Erawan National Park

Erawan National Park
อุทยานแห่งชาติเอราวัณ
Erawan Waterfall
LocationKanchanaburi province, Thailand
Nearest cityKanchanaburi
Area550 km2 (210 sq mi)
Established19 June 1975
Visitors519,235 (in 2024)[1]
Governing bodyDepartment of National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (DNP)

Erawan National Park (Thai: อุทยานแห่งชาติเอราวัณ) is a protected area in Western Thailand, in the Tenasserim Hills of Kanchanaburi Province. Founded in 1975, it was the 12th national park of Thailand.

Geography

Erawan National Park is located about 50 kilometers (30 mi) northwest of Kanchanaburi town. The park covers an area of 343,735 rai ~ 550 square kilometers (212 sqmi)[2] in Sai Yok, Tha Sao and Lum Sum subdistricts in Sai Yok district, Nong Pet and Tha Kradan subdistricts in Si Sawat district and Chong Sadao subdistrict in Mueang Kanchanaburi district and neighboring (from northwest clockwise) Sai Yok National Park, Khuean Srinagarindra National Park and Salak Phra Wildlife Sanctuary.
The limestone mountains in the Tenasserim Range rise to 996 meters (3,368 ft) include: Khao Chong Pun, Khao Kro Krae, Khao Mo Thao, Khao Nong Phuk and Khao Plai Dinsor.
Streams such as: Huai Nong Kop and Huai Sa Dae flows into Srinagarind Dam, Huai Monglai and Huai Amatara flow into Erawan Waterfall, Huai Khao Phang and Huai Tap Sila, which are the sources of Khao Phang Waterfall and Sai Yok Noi Waterfall.[3]

History

The establishment of the national park was declared in the Royal Gazette on 19 June 1975 and came into effect the following day.[4] This park area was further modified in 1995.[5]

Climate

The climate is influenced by southeastern monsoon in rainy season and northeastern monsoon in cold season. This park is in the rain shadow of the hills, resulting in a low average rainfall. Summer is from February to April, rainy season runs from May to October and cold season lasts from November to January.[6]

Flora

There are three types of forest, namely: Mixed deciduous forest is the general forest type with 81%, 14% is Dry evergreen forest and Dry dipterocarp forest is with 2% the smallest forest type.
Flowering plants such as Phlogacanthus pulcerrimus.[7]

Fauna

Mammals

Siberian chipmunk

The number of sightings in the park are 14 species of mammals, include:[8]

Birds

The park has some 237 species of birds from 64 families.

Passerine

Scaly-breasted munia

133 species of passerine from 35 families, represented by one species:[9]

Non-passerine

Asian openbill

104 species of non-passerine from 29 families, represented by one species:[10]

Reptiles

The number of sightings in the park are seven species of reptiles, include:[11]

Amphibians

Crustacea

Fishes

Attractions

Tier five, Erawan Waterfall

The major attraction of the park is Erawan Falls, a waterfall named after Erawan, the three-headed white elephant of Hindu mythology. The waterfalls have seven tiers, and the water flows out of three spouts. These spouts resemble the three heads of Erawan.[15] There are four caves in the park: Mi, Rua, Wang Badan, and Phra That.[16] Rising northeast of the waterfall area there is a breast-shaped hill named Khao Nom Nang.

Location

See also

References

  1. ^ "สถิตินักท่องเที่ยวที่เข้าไปในอุทยานแห่งชาติ ปีงบบ่ระมาณ พ.ศ. 2567" [Statistics of tourists visiting national parks in fiscal year 2024]. Department National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (DNP) (in Thai). Retrieved 8 August 2025, PARO 3 - no.16 Erawan N.P. 519,235{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  2. ^ "ข้อมูลพื้นที่อุทยานแห่งชาติที่ประกาศในราชกิจจานุเบกษา 133 แห่ง" [Area Information of 133 National Parks published in the Government Gazette] (in Thai). Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation. December 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2024, No.12 Erawan N.P., Area = 343,735 rai ~ 549.98 sqkm{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  3. ^ "Erawan National Park > Landform". Department National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (DNP). Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  4. ^ "พระราชกฤษฎีกากำหนดบริเวณที่ดินป่าเขาสลอบ ในท้องที่ตำบลไทรโยค ตำบลท่าเสา ตำบลลุ่มสุ่ม อำเภอไทรโยค ตำบลหนองเป็ด ตำบลท่ากระดาน อำเภอศรีสวัสดิ์ และตำบลช่องสะเดา อำเภอเมืองกาญจนบุรี จังหวัดกาญจนบุรี ให้เป็นอุทยานแห่งชาติ พ.ศ. ๒๕๑๘" [Royal decree declaring the area of Khao Salop Forest in the localities of Tambon Sai Yok, Tambon Tha Sao, Tambon Lum Sum, Amphoe Sai Yok; Tambon Nong Pet, Tambon Tha Kradan, Amphoe Si Sawat; and Tambon Chong Sadao, Amphoe Mueang Kanchanaburi as a national park, B.E. 2518] (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette (in Thai). 92 (114A): special 15–18. 19 June 1975.
  5. ^ "พระราชกฤษฎีกาเพิกถอนอุทยานแห่งชาติป่าเขาสลอบ บางส่วน ในท้องที่ตำบลท่ากระดาน อำเภอศรีสวัสดิ์ จังหวัดกาญจนบุรี พ.ศ. ๒๕๓๘" [Royal Decree on the Revocation of Part of Khao Salop Forest National Park in Tambon Tha Kradan, Amphoe Si Sawat, Kanchanaburi Province, B.E. 2538] (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette (in Thai). 112 (33A): 22. 14 August 1995.
  6. ^ "Protected areas > Erawan National Park". Foundation Western Forest Complex Conservation (FWFCC). Retrieved 14 August 2025, Climate{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  7. ^ "Erawan National Park > Flora". Department National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (DNP). Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  8. ^ "Erawan National Park > Mammals". Department National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (DNP). Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  9. ^ "Erawan National Park > Passeriformes". Avibase - The World Bird Database. Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  10. ^ "Erawan National Park > Non-passeriformes". Avibase - The World Bird Database. Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  11. ^ "Erawan National Park > Reptiles". Department National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (DNP). Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  12. ^ "Erawan National Park > Amphibians". Department National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (DNP). Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  13. ^ "Erawan National Park > Crustacea". Department National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (DNP). Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  14. ^ "Erawan National Park > Fishes". Department National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (DNP). Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  15. ^ Elliot, Stephan; Cubitt, Gerald (2001). THE NATIONAL PARKS and other Wild Places of THAILAND. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd. pp. 32–35. ISBN 9781859748862.
  16. ^ "Erawan National Park > Attraction". Department National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (DNP). Retrieved 14 August 2025.

Further reads

  • Notebook, BeautifulbEq. Notebook: Beautiful Waterfalls in the Erawan National Park in Tha, Journal for Writing, College Ruled Size 6 X 9, 110 Pages. N.p., Independently Published, 2020.
  • Atiyah, Jeremy. Southeast Asia. United Kingdom, Rough Guides, 2002.
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