1922 Hungarian parliamentary election|
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Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary between 28 May and 2 June 1922.[1] The result was a victory for the Unity Party (a renamed National Smallholders and Agricultural Labourers Party),[2] which won 140 of the 245 seats in Parliament, the vast majority in "open" constituencies where there was no secret ballot.[2]
Electoral system
Prior to the elections the United Party-led government changed the electoral system in order to ensure it retained its leading position.[2] This involved reintroducing open elections and restricting the electoral census. The reforms were passed by a decree by Prime Minister István Bethlen as Parliament had already been dissolved.
The country was divided into 219 constituencies, of which 215 were single member constituencies and four were multi-member constituencies. Of the 215 single member constituencies, only 20 used the secret ballot, with the remainder (which were rural constituencies)[2] using open elections.[3] All four multi-member constituencies used secret ballots.[3]
Parties and leaders
Results
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| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
|---|
| Unity Party | 623,201 | 38.18 | 140 | +28 |
| Social Democratic Party of Hungary | 277,481 | 17.00 | 25 | New |
| Andrássy-Friedrich Party | 103,705 | 6.35 | 11 | New |
| United National Democratic and Liberal Opposition | 79,434 | 4.87 | 7 | +1 |
| Christian National Union Party | 70,748 | 4.33 | 10 | –72 |
| Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party | 66,693 | 4.09 | 5 | New |
| Christian Socialist Party | 65,325 | 4.00 | 6 | +3 |
| Alliance of Christian Unity | 59,508 | 3.65 | 5 | New |
| Party of Independence and '48 | 33,220 | 2.04 | 1 | +1 |
| '48 Smallholders Party | 26,972 | 1.65 | 2 | New |
| National Civic Party | 22,764 | 1.39 | 2 | New |
| Christian Opposition | 20,610 | 1.26 | 2 | New |
| National Defence Party | 8,067 | 0.49 | 0 | 0 |
| Hungarian Workers' Party | 7,768 | 0.48 | 1 | 0 |
| Christian Agricultural Workers and Craftsmen Party | 3,584 | 0.22 | 1 | New |
| Liberal Opposition | 2,929 | 0.18 | 1 | New |
| National Democratic Party | 1,944 | 0.12 | 0 | – |
| Economic Policy Party | 7,545 | 0.46 | 0 | New |
| Christian National Party | 3,547 | 0.22 | 0 | –2 |
| Hungarian National Socialist Bloc | 1,423 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 |
| Independents | 145,836 | 8.93 | 26 | +14 |
| Total | 1,632,304 | 100.00 | 245 | +26 |
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| Registered voters/turnout | 2,382,158 | – | |
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| Source: Nohlen & Stöver |
By constituency type
| Party | Open SMCs[a] | Secret SMCs[b] | MMCs | Total
seats | +/– |
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| Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats |
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| Unity Party | 585,551 | 53.10 | 133 | 26,765 | 19.58 | 6 | 10,885 | 2.77 | 1 | 140 | +28 |
| Social Democratic Party of Hungary | 69,501 | 6.30 | 5 | 40,268 | 29.46 | 7 | 167,712 | 42.68 | 13 | 25 | New |
| Andrássy-Friedrich Party | 77,612 | 7.04 | 9 | 6,151 | 4.50 | 0 | 19,942 | 5.08 | 2 | 11 | New |
| United National Democratic and Liberal Opposition | | | 79,434 | 20.22 | 7 | 7 | +1 |
| Christian National Union Party | 62,470 | 5.67 | 9 | 8,278 | 6.06 | 1 | | 10 | –72 |
| Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party | 61,266 | 5.56 | 4 | 5,427 | 3.97 | 1 | | 5 | New |
| Christian Socialist Party | 48,653 | 4.41 | 5 | 4,212 | 3.08 | 0 | 12,460 | 3.17 | 1 | 6 | +3 |
| Alliance of Christian Unity | | | 59,508 | 15.14 | 5 | 5 | New |
| Party of Independence and '48 | 23,795 | 2.16 | 1 | 5,674 | 4.15 | 0 | 3,751 | 0.95 | 0 | 1 | +1 |
| '48 Smallholders Party | 26,972 | 2.45 | 2 | | | 2 | New |
| National Civic Party | 7,482 | 0.68 | 1 | 5,809 | 4.25 | 1 | 9,473 | 2.41 | 0 | 2 | New |
| Christian Opposition | 6,780 | 0.61 | 1 | | 13,830 | 3.52 | 1 | 2 | New |
| National Defence Party | 4,644 | 0.42 | 0 | | 3,423 | 0.87 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hungarian Workers' Party | 7,768 | 0.70 | 1 | | | 1 | 0 |
| Christian Agricultural Workers and Craftsmen Party | 3,584 | 0.33 | 1 | | | 1 | New |
| Liberal Opposition | 2,929 | 0.27 | 1 | | | 1 | New |
| National Democratic Party | | 1,944 | 1.42 | 0 | | 0 | – |
| Economic Policy Party | | | 7,545 | 1.92 | 0 | 0 | New |
| Christian National Party | | | 3,547 | 0.90 | 0 | 0 | –2 |
| Hungarian National Socialist Bloc | | | 1,423 | 0.36 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Independents | 113,673 | 10.31 | 22 | 32,163 | 23.53 | 4 | | 26 | +14 |
| Total | 1,102,680 | 100.00 | 195 | 136,691 | 100.00 | 20 | 392,933 | 100.00 | 30 | 245 | +26 |
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| Valid votes | 1,102,680 | 100.00 | | | | | 392,933 | 96.76 | |
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| Invalid/blank votes | 0 | 0.00 | | | | | 13,167 | 3.24 | |
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| Total votes | 1,102,680 | 100.00 | | | | | 406,100 | 100.00 | |
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| Registered voters/turnout | 1,553,184 | 70.99 | | 153,024 | – | | 444,710 | 91.32 | |
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| Source: Nohlen & Stöver |
Notes
- ^ The number of votes refers to only 170 of the 195 open single member constituencies, as the remaining 25 were uncontested.[3]
- ^ The number of votes refers to only 12 of the 20 secret single member constituencies.[3]
References
- ^ Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p899 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
- ^ a b c d Nohlen & Stöver, p876
- ^ a b c d Nohlen & Stöver, pp916-917
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