Voiced palatal lateral flap
| Voiced palatal lateral flap | |
|---|---|
| ʎ̆ | |
| Audio sample | |
|
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The voiced palatal lateral flap is a rare type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. There is no dedicated symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound. However, the symbol for a palatal lateral approximant with a breve denoting extra-short ⟨ʎ̆⟩ may be used.
Features
Features of the voiced palatal lateral flap:
- Its manner of articulation is tap or flap, which means it is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (usually the tongue) is thrown against another.
- Its place of articulation is palatal, which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is exclusively allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
The Iwaidja and Ilgar languages of Australia have a palatal lateral flap as well as alveolar and retroflex lateral flaps. However, a phonetic palatal flap has not been shown to be phonemic; it may instead be an underlying sequence /ɺj/.[1]
| Language | IPA | Word | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ilgar | [miʎ̮arɡu] | Mildyagru (personal name) | Likely an underlying sequence of /ɺj/. Contrasts /l, ɺ, ɭ, 𝼈 /.[2] | |
| Iwaidja | Contrasts /l, ɺ, ɭ, 𝼈 / and [ʎ, ʎ̆], though phonemically the latter are likely to be sequences /lj, ɺj/.[1][2] | |||
| Oʼodham | [ʎ̆ɨʔɨd͡ʒɨ] | leʼeje | brat (misbehaving child) | Described as a palatal lateral flap in recent sources, as retroflex in older sources.[3] |
References
- ^ a b Shaw, Jason A.; Carignan, Christopher; Agostini, Tonya G.; Mailhammer, Robert; Harvey, Mark; Derrick, Donald (2020). "Phonological contrast and phonetic variation: The case of velars in Iwaidja". Language. 96 (3): 578–617. doi:10.1353/lan.2020.0042. hdl:10092/101268. ISSN 1535-0665.
- ^ a b Nicholas Evans, 2000. "Iwaidjan, a very un-Australian language family." In Linguistic Typology, 4:91-142.
- ^ Saxton, Dean (January 1963). "Papago Phonemes". International Journal of American Linguistics. 29 (1). Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press: 29–35. doi:10.1086/464708. ISSN 1545-7001. JSTOR 1264104. S2CID 224808393.
