Voiceless bilabial trill
| Voiceless bilabial trill | |
|---|---|
| ʙ̥ | |
| Audio sample | |
|
source · help | |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | B\_0 |
The voiceless bilabial trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʙ̥⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol is B\_0.
This sound is typologically extremely rare. It occurs in languages such as Pará Arára[1] and Sercquiais.
Only a few languages contrast voiced and voiceless bilabial trills phonemically – e.g. Mangbetu of Congo and Ninde of Vanuatu.[2][3]
There is also a very rare voiceless alveolar bilabially trilled affricate, [t̪͡ʙ̥] (written ⟨tᵖ̃⟩ in Everett & Kern) reported from Pirahã and from a few words in the Chapacuran languages Wariʼ and Oro Win. The sound also appears as an allophone of the labialized voiceless alveolar stop /tʷ/ of Abkhaz and Ubykh, but in those languages it is more often realised by a doubly articulated stop [t͡p]. In the Chapacuran languages, [tʙ̥] is reported almost exclusively before rounded vowels such as [o] and [y].
Additionally, Lese has another rare trilled affricate, a labial–velar trilled affricate [k͡pʙ̥], which occurs as an allophone of the voiceless labial–velar plosive [k͡p].[4]
Features
Features of the bilabial trill:
- Its manner of articulation is trill, which means it is produced by directing air over an articulator so that it vibrates.
- Its place of articulation is bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is exclusively allowed to escape through the mouth.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahamb[5] | [ŋãˈʙ̥̍s] | 'it foams' | Contrasts /ʙ̥, ᵐʙ, ⁿᵈr/. | |
| Lese[4] | [uk͡pʙ̥u] | 'head' | Allophone of /k͡p/. | |
| Neverver[6] | [naɣaᵐʙ̥] | 'fire, firewood' | ||
| Pará Arára[7] | [ʙ̥uta] | 'to throw away' | ||
| Ubykh[8] | тваҳəбза / tuaqhəbza | [t͡ʙ̥aχəbza] | 'Ubykh language' | Allophone of /tʷ/. See Ubykh phonology |
Notes
- ^ de Souza, Isaac Costa (2010). "3". A Phonological Description of "Pet Talk" in Arara (MA). University of North Dakota. S2CID 61247622.
- ^ Linguist Wins Symbolic Victory for 'Labiodental Flap'. NPR (2005-12-17). Retrieved on 2010-12-08.
- ^ LINGUIST List 8.45: Bilabial trill. Linguistlist.org. Retrieved on 2010-12-08.
- ^ a b Demolin, Didier; Teston, Bernard (September 1997). "Phonetic characteristics of double articulations in some Mangbutu-Efe languages" (PDF). International Speech Communication Association: 803–806.
- ^ Rangelov, Tihomir (2019). "The bilabial trills of Ahamb (Vanuatu): Acoustic and articulatory properties" (PDF). In Calhoun, S.; Escudero, P.; Tabain, M.; Warren, P. (eds.). Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Melbourne, Australia 2019. Canberra: Australasian Speech Science and Technology Association. pp. 1292–1296.
- ^ Barbour, Julie (2012). A Grammar of Neverver. Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 33–34. ISBN 9783110289619.
- ^ de Souza, Isaac Costa (2010). "The Arara Language". A Phonological Description of "Pet Talk" in Arara (PDF) (MA thesis). University of North Dakota. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-12. Retrieved 2014-01-09 – via SIL Brazil.
- ^ Ladefoged (2005:165)
