Zhu Youyuan

Zhu Youyuan
朱祐杬
A posthumous portrait on a hanging scroll, kept in National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan
Prince of Xing
Tenure30 July 1487 – 13 July 1519
SuccessorZhu Houcong
Born22 July 1476
Died13 July 1519(1519-07-13) (aged 42)
Burial
Xian Mausoleum (in present-day Zhongxiang, Hubei)
Consorts
Empress Cixiaoxian
​
​
(m. 1492⁠–⁠1519)​
Issue
Detail		Jiajing Emperor
Regnal name
Emperor Bensheng Huangkao Gongmu Xian (本生皇考恭穆獻皇帝)
Posthumous name
Prince Xian of Xing (興獻王) →
Emperor Xingxian (興獻帝) →
Emperor Gongrui Yuanren Kuanmu Chuansheng Xian (恭睿淵仁寬穆純聖獻皇帝) →
Emperor Zhitian Shoudao Hongde Yuanren Kuanmu Chunsheng Gongjian Jinwen Xian (知天守道洪德淵仁寬穆純聖恭簡敬文獻皇帝)
Temple name
Ruizong (睿宗)
HouseZhu
FatherChenghua Emperor
MotherEmpress Xiaohui
Chinese name
Chinese朱祐杬
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhū Yòuyuán

Zhu Youyuan (22 July 1476 – 13 July 1519), was a prince of the Ming dynasty of China. He was the fourth son of the Chenghua Emperor and father of the Jiajing Emperor.

Life

Zhu Youyuan was the fourth son of the Chenghua Emperor, the ninth emperor of the Chinese Ming dynasty, and one of his concubines, Lady Shao.[1] The emperor's two eldest sons died early, and his third son Zhu Youcheng (the Hongzhi Emperor) succeeded him. Upon the Hongzhi Emperor's accession to the throne in 1487, Zhu Youyuan was given the title Prince of Xing (興王). In 1492, he married Lady Jiang, the daughter of an officer of the imperial guard. From 1494, he resided in his estate in Anlu near Zhongxiang, which is now part of Jingmen in Hubei Province.[1] He was known for his education and cultural refinement.[2]

Zhu Youyuan died on 13 July 1519 and was succeeded by his younger son, Zhu Houcong.[3]

In 1521, the Zhengde Emperor, son and successor of the Hongzhi Emperor, died without any heirs. This led to the selection of Zhu Houcong, the closest male relative, as the new emperor, known as the Jiajing Emperor.[3] After facing several years of disputes with the grand secretaries and officials, the Jiajing Emperor finally asserted the imperial title for his father, mother, and grandmother.[4]

After Zhu Youyuan's death, he was given the posthumous name of Prince Xian of Xing (興獻王).[2] Upon his son's ascension to the imperial throne, he was posthumously elevated to the position of emperor, and in 1538, he was given the posthumous name Emperor Zhitian Shoudao Hongde Yuanren Kuanmu Chunsheng Gongjian Jinwen Xian (知天守道洪德淵仁寬穆純聖恭簡敬文獻皇帝).[5]

Consorts and issue

  • Empress Cixiaoxian (慈孝獻皇后) of the Jiang clan (蔣氏; d. 1538)[6]
    • Zhu Houxi (朱厚熙), Prince Huai of Yue (岳懷王; 7 July 1500 – 12 July 1500), first son[5]
    • Princess Changning (長寧公主; 26 November 1501 – 16 April 1504), first daughter[7]
    • Zhu Houcong (朱厚熜), the Jiajing Emperor (嘉靖帝; 16 September 1507 – 23 January 1567), second son[8]
    • Princess Yongchun (永淳公主; 2 October 1511 – 1540), fourth daughter;[9] According to Wanli yehuo bian (萬曆野獲編) and Shizong Shilu, she was the daughter of Prince Xian of Xing, but the History of Ming mistakenly recorded her as the daughter of the Hongzhi Emperor[10]
      • Married Xie Zhao (謝詔; 1512–1567) in 1527,[11] and had issue (one son)
  • Consort Wenjingshu (溫靜淑妃) of the Wang clan (王氏; d. 1532)[12]
    • Princess Shanhua (善化公主; 21 July 1503 – 15 May 1512), second daughter[7]
  • Unknown
    • Princess Yongfu (永福公主; 20 May 1506 – 20 June 1525), third daughter;[13] According to Wanli yehuo bian (萬曆野獲編) and Shizong Shilu, she was the daughter of Prince Xian of Xing, but the History of Ming mistakenly recorded her as the daughter of the Hongzhi Emperor[14]
      • Married Wu Jinghe (鄔景和; 1508–1568) in 1523[15]

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b Geiss (1998), p. 440.
  2. ^ a b Mote (2003), p. 659.
  3. ^ a b Goodrich & Fang (1976), p. 315–316.
  4. ^ Geiss (1998), pp. 446–447.
  5. ^ a b History of Ming, vol. 115.
  6. ^ Wong (1997), p. 193.
  7. ^ a b Shizong Shilu, vol. 54; History of Ming, vol. 121.
  8. ^ History of Ming, vol. 17.
  9. ^ Shizong Shilu, vols. 79, 235; History of Ming, vol. 121.
  10. ^ Shizong Shilu, vol. 79; Wanli yehuo bian, vol. 5.
  11. ^ Shizong Shilu, vol. 79; History of Ming, vol. 121.
  12. ^ Wong (1997), p. 196.
  13. ^ Shizong Shilu, vols. 13, 28, 51; History of Ming, vol. 121.
  14. ^ Shizong Shilu, vol. 13; Wanli yehuo bian, vol. 5.
  15. ^ Shizong Shilu, vol. 29; History of Ming, vol. 121.

Works cited

  • Goodrich, L. Carington; Fang, Chaoying (1976). Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368-1644. Vol. 1, A–L. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-03801-1.
  • Geiss, James (1998). "The Chia-ching reign, 1522-1566". In Mote, Frederick W.; Twitchett, Denis C (eds.). The Cambridge History of China. Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty 1368-1644, Part 1 (1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 440–510. ISBN 0521243335.
  • Mote, Frederick W (2003). Imperial China 900-1800. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01212-7.
  • Shizong Shilu 世宗實錄 [Veritable Records of Emperor Shizong] (in Literary Chinese).
  • Shen, Defu (1619). Wanli yehuo bian 萬曆野獲編 [Compilation of Wanli era catastrophes] (in Literary Chinese).
  • Wong, Nai-kwan (1997). Ming dai huang shi yan jiu 明代皇室研究 [A Study of the Imperial Family of the Ming Dynasty] (MPhil thesis) (in Chinese). Pokfulam, Hong Kong: The University of Hong Kong. doi:10.5353/th_b3122010.
  • Zhang, Tingyu (1739). Ming Shi 明史 [History of Ming] (in Literary Chinese).
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