Yarbaşı, İdil

Yarbaşı
Village
Yarbaşı is located in Turkey
Yarbaşı
Yarbaşı
Location in Turkey
Coordinates: 37°23′28″N 41°51′58″E / 37.391°N 41.866°E / 37.391; 41.866
CountryTurkey
ProvinceŞırnak
Districtİdil
Population
 (2021)[1]
1,182
Time zoneUTC+3 (TRT)

Yarbaşı[a] (Arabic: إِسفِس;[3] Kurdish: Hespîst;[4][b] Syriac: ܐܣܦܣ, romanized: Isfes)[3][c] is a village in the İdil District of Şırnak Province in Turkey.[7] The village is populated by Kurds of the Omerkan tribe and had a population of 1,182 in 2021.[1][4] It is located in the historic region of Beth Zabday.[8]

History

Isfes (today called Yarbaşı) is identified with Hiaspis mentioned by the Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus in Res gestae in the 4th century AD along the frontier with the Sasanian Empire.[9] It was noted as the location of the defection of the protector domesticus Antoninus to the Sasanian Empire.[10] The Syriac Orthodox maphrian Basil Solomon took refuge at Isfes after having fled Mosul in 1514 and remained there until his death in 1518.[11]

An attack by Muhammad Pasha of Rawanduz on Isfes resulted in the death of 80 men, including a priest and a notable, and the enslavement of a number of women and children in early 1834.[12] The village was part of the Syriac Orthodox diocese of Cizre in c. 1870.[13] In the Syriac Orthodox patriarchal register of dues of 1870, it was recorded that the village had 72 households, who paid 172 dues, and was served by the churches of Morī Dodō and Morī Gewargīs and three priests.[14] The Church of Morī Dodō purported to possess relics of the saint.[15]

In 1915, there were 30 Syriac families.[16][d] It had five priests.[17] Amidst the Sayfo, on 6 June 1915, the village withstood an attack by the Kurdish Ömerkan, ‘Alikan, and Dörekan tribes and the villagers were fired upon by an Al-Khamsin militia detachment that had arrived and promised to protect them.[17] The village's notables were killed.[18] After three days of fighting, the villagers were able to flee to Azakh after the priest ‘Abdallahad Jebbo managed to bribe the detachment commander Ilyas Chelebi and Isfes was subsequently looted and burned as they fled.[19] Anthimus of Isfes, metropolitan of the Monastery of the Cross, was killed at Karburan.[20]

In 1926, the village was disarmed under pressure from the Turkish government and then plundered whilst the men were killed in forced deportations to Diyarbakır and Cizre and the women and children were left at the mercy of the Turkish soldiers.[21] The Syriac population of Isfes began to emigrate to Al-Malikiyah in Syria from 1960 onwards.[22] There were 3 Syriac families at the village in 1978.[16] By 1979, there were no remaining Syriacs.[16][e] The Church of Mor Dodo was subsequently converted into a house and a barn.[2]

References

Notes

  1. ^ "Precipice-head" in Turkish.[2]
  2. ^ Also spelt as Haspist, Hespest, Hespis, or Hespist.[5]
  3. ^ Alternatively transliterated as Espes, Esfes, Esfess, İsfis, or Isfis.[6]
  4. ^ According to Gaunt, there were 300 Syriac families.[17]
  5. ^ According to Sinclair, the last Christian family left in c. 1977, whereas Courtois states that the last Syriac family left Isfes in 1980.[23]

Citations

  1. ^ a b "31 ARALIK 2021 TARİHLİ ADRESE DAYALI NÜFUS KAYIT SİSTEMİ (ADNKS) SONUÇLARI" (XLS). TÜİK (in Turkish). Retrieved 16 December 2022.
  2. ^ a b Sinclair (1989), p. 330.
  3. ^ a b Carlson, Thomas A. (14 January 2014). "Isfis - ܐܣܦܣ". The Syriac Gazetteer. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  4. ^ a b Baz (2016), p. 133.
  5. ^ Dinno (2017), p. 383; Gaunt (2006), p. 220; Palmer (1990), p. 264; Sinclair (1989), p. 330.
  6. ^ Palmer (1990), p. 264; Courtois (2013), p. 147; Gaunt (2006), p. 220; Courtois (2004), p. 192; Sinclair (1989), p. 330.
  7. ^ "Türkiye Mülki İdare Bölümleri Envanteri". T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  8. ^ Barsoum (2003), p. 554.
  9. ^ Palmer (1990), p. 4.
  10. ^ Dignas & Winter (2007), p. 252.
  11. ^ Barsoum (2009), pp. 163–164.
  12. ^ Barsoum (2008), pp. 128–129.
  13. ^ Brock (2021), p. 156.
  14. ^ Bcheiry (2009), p. 56.
  15. ^ Palmer (1990), pp. 31–32.
  16. ^ a b c Dinno (2017), p. 383.
  17. ^ a b c Gaunt (2006), p. 220.
  18. ^ Courtois (2004), p. 192.
  19. ^ Gaunt (2006), pp. 220, 277–278; Sato (2001), p. 54.
  20. ^ Barsoum (2008), p. 138.
  21. ^ Yacoub (2016), p. 192.
  22. ^ Courtois (2013), p. 147.
  23. ^ Sinclair (1989), p. 330; Courtois (2013), p. 147.

Bibliography

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