Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico

Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico
CDP
Motto: 
The Gateway of the Jemez World
Location of Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico
Location of Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico
Jemez Pueblo is located in the United States
Jemez Pueblo
Jemez Pueblo
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 35°36′24″N 106°44′00″W / 35.60667°N 106.73333°W / 35.60667; -106.73333
CountryUnited States
StateNew Mexico
CountySandoval
Government
 • GovernorGeorge Shendo Jr.
Area
[1]
 • Total
2.05 sq mi (5.31 km2)
 • Land2.04 sq mi (5.30 km2)
 • Water0.01 sq mi (0.01 km2)
Elevation
[2]
5,555 ft (1,693 m)
Population
 (2020)[3]
 • Total
1,963
 • Density960.37/sq mi (370.72/km2)
Time zoneUTC-7 (Mountain (MST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-6 (MDT)
ZIP code
87024
Area code575
FIPS code35-35250
GNIS feature ID2408443[2]
Jemez Pueblo
Jemez Pueblo, 1850 illustration
Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico is located in New Mexico
Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico
Nearest cityBernalillo, New Mexico
Area124 acres (50 ha)
Built1700 (1700)
Architectural styleLate Victorian, Pueblo
NRHP reference No.77000926[4]
NMSRCP No.235
Significant dates
Added to NRHPMay 2, 1977
Designated NMSRCPFebruary 1, 1972

Jemez Pueblo (/ˈhɛmɛz/; Jemez: Walatowa, Navajo: Mąʼii Deeshgiizh) is a federally recognized tribe and census-designated place (CDP) in Sandoval County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,963 at the 2020 census.[5] It is part of the Albuquerque Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The CDP is named after the pueblo at its center. Among Jemez people, it is known as Walatowa.[6] It was likely the location of the Franciscan Mission San Diego de la Congregacion.[7]

Geography

"Red Rocks" in Jemez Pueblo

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2 square miles (5.2 km2), all land.[5] The pueblo is rural and located near the Red Rocks formation.[8]

Language

The Jemez Pueblo have historically spoken the Towa language,[8] a member of the Tanoan language family. It is an unwritten language.

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
20201,963—
U.S. Decennial Census[9][3]

The tribe has about 3,400 citizens.[8] At the pueblo, unemployment is 27%. Of the heads of households, 70% have graduated high school.[8]

It seems that a significant part of the Jemez Pueblo population originates from the surviving remnant of the Pecos Pueblo population who fled to Jemez Pueblo in 1838.

As of the census[10] of 2000, there were 1,953 people, 467 households, and 415 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 957.0 inhabitants per square mile (369.5/km2). There were 499 housing units at an average density of 244.5 per square mile (94.4/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 0.41% White, 99.13% Native American, 0.31% from other races, and 0.15% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.95% of the population.

There were 467 households, out of which 39.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.2% were married couples living together, 35.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 11.1% were non-families. 9.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.18 and the average family size was 4.45.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 35.0% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 6.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $28,889, and the median income for a family was $30,880. Males had a median income of $20,964 versus $17,262 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $8,045. About 27.2% of families and 25.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.1% of those under age 18 and 34.6% of those age 65 or over.

Government

The leadership of the Pueblo of Jemez is annually selected by Jemez religious leaders. The current administration is: Governor: George Shendo Jr. First Lieutenant Governor: Carnell Chosa Second Lieutenant Governor: Matthew Gachupin Jr.[11]

Economic development

The Jemez Pueblo owns a convenience store. They are not a gaming tribe.[8]

Ethnobotany

Carex is sacred and used in ceremonies.[12]

Jemez runners

As much as 70% of the 1,890 Jemez people were living on their reservation lands in the early 1970s. Though by then an increasing number were switching to wage-earning work rather than agriculture, the residents continued to raise chile peppers, corn, and wheat, to speak their Native language, and to maintain customary practices.

Running, an old Jemez pastime and ceremonial activity, grew even more popular than it had been before World War II. Prior to the advent of television at Jemez, tales of running feats had been a major form of entertainment on winter nights. Races continued to hold their ceremonial place as the years passed, their purpose being to assist the movement of the sun and moon or to hasten the growth of crops, for example. At the same time, they became a popular secular sport. The year 1959 saw the first annual Jemez All-Indian Track and Field Meet, won by runners from Jemez seven times in the first ten years. A Jemez runner, Steve Gachupin, won the Pikes Peak Marathon six times, setting a record in 1968 by reaching the top in just 2 hours, 14 minutes, 56 seconds.[13]

Education

Tuvahe, photographed at Jemez Pueblo by Edward S. Curtis

It is within the Jemez Valley Public Schools school district.[14]

Jemez Day School, a federal elementary school operated by the Bureau of Indian Education, is in Jemez Pueblo.[15]

Notable tribal citizens

Notable residents

See also

References

  1. ^ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
  2. ^ a b "Jemez Pueblo Census Designated Place". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
  3. ^ a b "Census Population API". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
  4. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  5. ^ a b "2010 Census Gazetteer Files - Places: New Mexico". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
  6. ^ "The Pueblo of Jemez". Department of Resource Protection. April 14, 2008. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007.
  7. ^ Liebmann, Matthew (2018). "At the Mouth of the Wolf: The Archaeology of Seventeenth-Century Franciscans in the Jemez Valley of New Mexico.". In Burns, Jeffrey M.; Johnson, Timothy J. (eds.). Franciscans and American Indians in Pan-Borderlands Perspective: Adaptation, Negotiation, and Resistance. Academy of American Franciscan History. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  8. ^ a b c d e Wallerstein, Nina (September 2023). "Jemez Pueblo: Built and Social-Cultural Environments and Health Within a Rural American Indian Community in the Southwest". American Journal of Public Health. 93 (9): 1517–18. doi:10.2105/ajph.93.9.1517. PMID 12948972. Retrieved July 20, 2025.
  9. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  10. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  11. ^ "Our Leadership". 19 Pueblos District. Retrieved July 20, 2025.
  12. ^ Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, "The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians", University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 21
  13. ^ Sando, Joe S., Nee Hemish: A History of Jemez Pueblo, Clear Light Publishing, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 2008 p. 169
  14. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Sandoval County, NM" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  15. ^ "Jemez Day School". Bureau of Indian Education. Retrieved March 16, 2023.
  16. ^ "Cliff Fragua". Indigenous Sculptors Society. Retrieved December 14, 2019.
  17. ^ Schaaf, Gregory (2002). Southern Pueblo pottery: 2000 artist biographies, c. 1800-present : with value/price guide featuring over 20 years of auction records. Schaaf, Angie Yan. (1st ed.). Santa Fe, N.M.: CIAC Press. ISBN 978-0966694857. OCLC 48624322.
  18. ^ Hayes, Allan; Blom, John; Hayes, Carol (August 3, 2015). Southwestern Pottery: Anasazi to Zuni. Taylor Trade Publishing. ISBN 9781589798625.

Further reading

  • Sando, Joe S., Nee Hemish: A History of Jemez Pueblo, Clear Light Publishing (2008), trade paperback, 264 pages, ISBN 1-57416-091-5
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