Urupā
Urupā (plural: urupā) are traditional Māori cemeteries in New Zealand.[1] These burial grounds hold significant cultural and spiritual importance for Māori communities as sacred places where ancestors are laid to rest.
Etymology
The word urupā comes from the Māori language, where uru means "to enter" or "to go into,"[2] and pā refers to a fortified village or settlement.[3] Collectively, urupā is understood as a place of burial or cemetery.
Cultural significance
Urupā are regarded as wāhi tapu (sacred sites) by Māori. They serve not only as burial grounds but also as places for tangihanga (funeral rites) and remembrance. The care and protection of urupā are essential for maintaining the spiritual connection between living descendants and their tūpuna (ancestors).
Location and structure
Urupā are usually located on land of significance to particular iwi (tribes) or hapū (subtribes). The exact locations vary, but they are often on hills, near marae (meeting grounds), or other culturally important areas. Traditional urupā may include carved wooden markers or headstones, and some are still used today for burials following Māori customs.
Modern use
Today, urupā continue to be maintained by Māori communities and play an ongoing role in cultural identity. Many iwi actively manage their urupā, combining traditional practices with modern cemetery management.