USS Louisiana (1812)

For other ships with the same name, see USS Louisiana.

History
United States
NameUSS Louisiana
NamesakeLouisiana
Launched1812
FateBroken up 1821[1]
General characteristics
Typesloop-of-war
Tons burthen341 tons[1]
Length99 ft 6 in (30.33 m)[1]
Beam28 ft 0 in (8.53 m)[1]
Depth of hold14 ft 0 in (4.27 m)[1]
Armament16 x 24-pounders[1]
Notes

USS Louisiana, was a sloop built in New Orleans in 1812 and she played a vital role in the events that led up to the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom.

Career

Originally built for the cost of $15,500,[a] the Louisiana was built in 1812 as a merchant vessel, for use on the Mississippi River. She was purchased by the US Navy that September.[1] Patterson lamented that he had no crew as of 31 January 1814.[3] Louisiana was commanded later in 1814 by Lieutenant Charles C. B. Thompson.[4][5][b]

As the largest vessel on the New Orleans station, Louisiana became the flagship of Master Commandant Daniel Patterson.[1]

From 23 December 1814 to 8 January 1815, the sloop Louisiana provided naval gunfire support for General Andrew Jackson's forces.[c] The sloop Louisiana served as a floating battery, to counter any potential land or water-borne attack.[1]

On 27 December, the schooner USS Carolina was sunk in a massive explosion, caused by a fire started by a Heated shot fired by the British. The Louisiana was 300 yards away, and sited where it was able to take advantage of a breeze, to sail upstream and out of range of the concealed British battery. Further movement upriver, against the flow, was made by warping and hard towing, in the absence of winds.[8]

On 28 December, a British reconnaissance force approached the American front line, and were broadsided by Louisiana's guns, along with Jackson's artillery, which halted the British advance. American prisoners were told by their British captors they believed Louisiana had prevented them from succeeding in taking Line Jackson[9] While enduring an incessant seven‑hour cannonade by the British, Louisiana retaliated by firing approximately 800 rounds while suffering only one seaman wounded.[1][10] In a dispatch sent to Secretary of the Navy Jones on 28 December, Patterson commended the manner in which the crew, commanded by Thompson, were a well-disciplined and cohesive team, despite the fact that only a third of them spoke English.[11] He had a hastily assembled 'crew obtained by coercion from the streets of the city, composed of all nations.'[12][13]

The Louisiana did not participate in the artillery duel of 1 January. It had contributed cannon to a shore battery elsewhere which, independently, cannonaded a British battery on the other shore.[14]

During the prelude to the battle, the gunners disembarked four 12 pounder cannon, taken from the inshore of the sloop, and manned the artillery positions on the right bank of the Mississippi.[15] Patterson had considered using the Louisiana in a pre-emptive engagement against the British rowboats, that were assembling for an amphibious assault on the right bank, but decided against this, as there was also the risk that the Louisiana would be exposed to hot shot, which had led to the destruction of the USS Carolina.[16][17]

Artillery fire from the right bank, and from the Louisiana moored to the north of these positions, pulverized the British attack on the left bank on the morning of 8 January.[18]

On 9 January, with the truce over, the Louisiana moved downstream, to resume Jackson's bombardment.[19]

In his battle portrait, painted in 1856, Dennis Malone Carter has the sails of the Louisiana visible in the background, behind Jackson surveying the defenses.[20]

Fate

Louisiana was broken up in 1821.[1]

References

Notes

  1. ^ 'Originally a merchant sloop built in New Orleans in 1812 at a cost of $15,500, the USS Louisiana displaced 341 tons, and rated 16 guns (which were to be 24-pounders). She measured 99 feet, 6 inches on the deck, beam of 28 feet, and a 14 foot deep hold. Louisiana was unmanned at the start of the campaign, and commanded by Captain Charles C. B. Thompson. He entered the navy as a midshipman 22 December 1802, and promoted to lieutenant as of 15 February 1809. After the war he continued to serve, and achieved the rank of captain by 1825.'[2]
  2. ^ 'Lieut. Thompson reported himself to me on the 11th [December] and I have put him in command of the Ship Louisiana, which I am fitting for River Service.'[6]
  3. ^ 'The first LOUISIANA, a sloop built in New Orleans in 1812, played a vital role in the defense of New Orleans during the war of 1812. From 23 December 1814 to 8 January 1815, the sloop LOUISIANA pounded advancing British troops, providing naval gunfire support for General Jackson’s troops. When British troops advanced up river beyond the range of the deadly cannon fire of the sloop LOUISIANA, the crew did not let the absence of wind deter their support. Crewmembers waded ashore with mooring lines and towed their sloop up river against the currents of the mighty Mississippi to re-engage. LOUISIANA was credited with playing a key role in the defeat of the British and keeping the valuable port of New Orleans in American hands.'[7]

Works cited

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Cressman 2024.
  2. ^ Williams, Richard. "U. S. Naval Squadron New Orleans, 1814". umbrigade.tripod.com. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  3. ^ Hughes & Brodine 2023, p. 984.
  4. ^ Hughes & Brodine 2023, pp. 807–808.
  5. ^ Lewis Day 2016, p. 3.
  6. ^ Hughes & Brodine 2023, pp. 967–968.
  7. ^ "USS Louisiana SSBN 743". www.louisiana.navy.mil. Archived from the original on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
  8. ^ Davis 2019, pp. 137–139.
  9. ^ Davis 2019, p. 159.
  10. ^ Roosevelt 1900, p. 78.
  11. ^ Hughes & Brodine 2023, p. 995.
  12. ^ Hughes & Brodine 2023, p. 1045.
  13. ^ Roosevelt 1900, p. 206.
  14. ^ Roosevelt 1900, p. 219.
  15. ^ Davis 2019, p. 204.
  16. ^ Hughes & Brodine 2023, pp. 1015–1019.
  17. ^ Davis 2019, p. 214.
  18. ^ Davis 2019, pp. 241, 244.
  19. ^ Davis 2019, p. 284.
  20. ^ Lewis Day 2016, pp. 3–4.

Bibliography

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