Tode Mongke
| Tuda Möngke Тодмөнх | |
|---|---|
| Khan | |
 Tuda Mengu leading the warriors of the Golden Horde, Mughal painting (1596) | |
| Khan of the Golden Horde Western Half (Blue Horde) | |
| Reign | 1280–1287 |
| Predecessor | Mongke Temur |
| Successor | Tole Buqa |
| Died | 1287 |
| House | Borjigin |
| Dynasty | Golden Horde |
| Father | Toqoqan |
| Mother | Köchü Khatun |
| Religion | Tengrism Islam (after 1283) |
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Tuda Mengu (also known as Tode Mongke and Tudamongke; Mongolian: Тодмөнх, romanized: Todmönkh or Tudamönkh, lit. 'Eternal Brightness'; Turki/Kypchak: تودا منکو; died 1287) was Khan of the Golden Horde, a division of the Mongol Empire, from 1280 to 1287.[1][2] He was only the nominal ruler, and in 1287, Noghai forced him to abdicate.[3]
Biography
Tode Mongke was the son of Toqoqan and a grandson of Batu Khan. Following the death of Berke in 1267, Tode was one of the three candidates for the throne, along with Berke's son and his brother, Mongke Temur.[4] The sources disagree on who was designated as Berke's heir, with some accounts saying that Berke supported Mongke to gain the backing of Batu's followers.[4] After several months, Mongke was chosen as khan by the Jochid elite.[4] Following Mongke Temur's death, Tode Mongke was supported by Noghai, the most powerful bey, to become khan.[5] He converted to Islam in 1283.[6]
Noghai did not involve Tode Mongke in his military campaigns, during which he was able to take control of parts of Lithuania and Poland.[7][8] The Russian princes of Bryansk and Suzdal were also subjugated.[7] Tode Mongke gained a reputation for being disinterested in politics.[8] However, he often disagreed with Noghai in their dealings with the Russian principalities.[7] For instance, Tode Mongke supported Andrey for the grand princely throne of Vladimir, while Noghai supported his older brother Dmitry and helped him regain the throne in 1283.[7] As a result, Noghai allied with some of the most powerful descendants of Batu, and in 1287, Tode Mongke was forced to abdicate.[7] Tole Buqa was then elected as khan, but was forced to share power.[7]
Family
He had two wives and several concubines:[9]
- Ariqachi Khatun (from Khongirad tribe)
- Or-Menggü
- Töre Qutluq Khatun (from Alchi-Tatar tribe)
- Chechektü
- Unknown concubine
- Töbetei
See also
References
- ^ Morby, John (18 September 2014). "Qipchaq Khanate". Dynasties of the World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-178007-3.
- ^ May 2016, p. 24.
- ^ Favereau 2021, pp. 191, 194–195.
- ^ a b c Favereau & Pochekaev 2023, p. 259.
- ^ Favereau & Pochekaev 2023, p. 264.
- ^ May 2016, p. 32.
- ^ a b c d e f Favereau & Pochekaev 2023, p. 265.
- ^ a b Favereau 2021, p. 195.
- ^ Rashīd al-Dīn Ṭabīb (1971). The Successors of Genghis Khan. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 109–110. ISBN 0-231-03351-6. OCLC 160563.
Sources
- Favereau, Marie (20 April 2021). The Horde: How the Mongols Changed the World. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-24421-4.
- Favereau, Marie; Pochekaev, Roman Yu. (2023). "The Golden Horde, c. 1260–1502". The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire. Cambridge University Press. pp. 243–318. ISBN 978-1-107-11648-1.
- May, Timothy (7 November 2016). The Mongol Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 979-8-216-11905-0.
Further reading
- David Morgan, The Mongols