Timeline of gang-related events in Haiti
The following article is a list of gang-related events that have happened in Haiti since its independence.
1950s
1958
- François 'Papa Doc' Duvalier creates the Tonton Macoute, a paramilitary force, which becomes a tool for domestic security, engaging in massacres, assassinations, and political violence.[1][2][3]
1960s
1970s
1971
- Duvalier renames Tonton Macoute to Volunteers for National Security.[4]
1980s
1986
- The Volunteers for National Security is disbanded after protests against Duvalier, but continues to operate informally. People attack Macoutes in Port-au-Prince, stoning and burning alive their targets.[5]
1987
- Army kills 22 dockworkers, and paramilitaries kill 139 peasants in Jean-Rabel. Political violence increases.[6]
1988
September
- Saint-Jean Bosco massacre occurs, as 13 are killed by armed men, suspected to be former Macoutes.[6]
- Prosper Avril resigns amid protests, leading to a new provisional government.[7]
1990s
1990
March
- The Massacre of Piatre occurs, as 11 are killed over a land dispute.[7]
1991
September
- The SSP militia emerges, deposing Jean-Bertrand Aristide in a coup as he flees.[8]
1993
- The FRAPH paramilitary group forms to support Joseph Raoul Cédras, carrying out massacres including on Carrefour Vincent and Raboteau.[9]
1994
- Aristide returns with help from multinational forces, and creates new Haitian police forces.[2]
September
- RAM, the Oloffson hotel’s house band, face threats amid political unrest.[10]
1996
- Aristide disbands Haitian military, and former soldiers now join armed groups.[11]
1998
February
- Eight people are killed in an assassination attempt on Richard Morse during Haiti's Kanaval celebrations.[10]
2000s
2003
- The National Revolutionary Front forms, consisting mainly of anti-government gangs and former soldiers.[12]
2004
February
March
- Paramilitaries capture the former military headquarters, as Aristide supporters and activists are hunted down.[13][14]
2005
2010s
2010
- The 2010 Haiti Earthquake causes a prison break, resulting in the rise of multiple new gangs like the Armée Fédérale.[16]
2011
- Gender-based violence and gang recruitment increase in camps after the 2010 Haiti Earthquake.[17][18]
March
- Michel Joseph Martelly announces the reinstatement of the Haiti military, and ex-military gangs begin to assert control over military buildings.[19]
2015
- Jovenel Moïse becomes a presidential candidate for the PHTK after the elections are marked by violence.[20]
2016
- The 400 Mawozo gang forms in the Croix des Bouquets commune.[21]
2020s
2021
April
- Clashes between rival gangs in Port-au-Prince result in hundreds of deaths and 16,000 Haitians being displaced.[22]
June
- 1 June - A gang coalition seizes control of a key section of the only national road leading south from Port-au-Prince, isolating the capital from the rest of Haiti.[23]
July
- 50 Haitians are killed in clashes between G-Pep and G9 gangs in Cité Soleil.[24]
- 7 July - Haitian President Jovenel Moïse is assassinated at his private residence in Port-au-Prince.[25]
September
- Gangs control parts of Haiti, imposing curfews and driving thousands from homes.[26]
October
- G9 holds up fuel trucks to cause fuel shortages, and begins to demand Ariel Henry's resignation.[27]
November
- A G-Pep gang, led by Gabriel Jean-Pierre, attacks a hospital and takes hostages that include women and children.[3]
2022
- Haitian gangs federate into G9 and G-Pep alliances, as 400 Mawozo joins G-Pep.[28]
- Jimmy Chérizier's G9 gang blockades Haiti's main fuel import route, causing island-wide shortages.[3]
2023
July
- Gang violence disrupts food and energy supply chains, raising prices and exacerbating the crisis in Haiti.[29]
- In Port-au-Prince's Tabarre commune, gangs forcibly remove a patient from a hospital, triggering a mass exodus of residents to the US embassy.[29]
- 25 July - Haitians flee tear gas at the US embassy in Port-au-Prince, attempting to escape gang violence.[29]
- 27 July - US State Department orders all non-emergency personnel to leave Haiti, following a warning to citizens about travel safety.[29]
- 31 July - US nurse Alix Dorsainvil and her child are kidnapped by gangs in Haiti.[29]
September
- G9 and GPep form a temporary viv ansanm to oust Prime Minister Henry and oppose foreign intervention.[30]
2024
February
- 22 February - Gang leader Jimmy “Barbecue” Cherizier is seen patrolling the streets of Delmas 3 in Port-au-Prince with G9 federation members.[31]
- 29 February - Coordinated gang attacks across Port-au-Prince kill at least four police officers. Gang leader Jimmy Chérizier (Barbecue) claims responsibility, aiming to capture officials and block Prime Minister Ariel Henry's return from Kenya.[32]
March
- Gangs control approximately 80% of Port-au-Prince, effectively paralyzing the city.[30]
- 1 March - Prime Minister Ariel Henry signs an agreement with Kenya to deploy 1,000 police officers to combat gang violence, though the deployment is delayed by a court ruling declaring it unconstitutional.[32]
- 2 March - Gangs storm two major prisons, releasing over 4,000 inmates, prompting police to urgently request international assistance.[32]
- 3 March - The Haitian government declares a state of emergency and imposes a nighttime curfew in response to the escalating violence.[32]
- 4 March - Armed gangs attempt to seize control of Haiti's main international airport, halting flights and adding to the chaos while Prime Minister Ariel Henry remains out of the country.[32]
- 4 March - A mass jailbreak orchestrated by G9 gang leader Jimmy Chérizier ends up freeing 4,000 inmates.[3]
- 5 March - Henry's flight to the Dominican Republic is diverted to Puerto Rico after Chérizier declares war on him and air traffic is suspended between Haiti and its neighbors.[32]
- 6 March - As Henry remains locked out of the country, Haitian politicians form alliances and pressures mount on him to resign, both domestically and internationally.[32]
- 7 March - Haiti remains in paralysis with continued gang violence. The government extends the state of emergency and nighttime curfew while Henry struggles to regain control.[32]
- 8 March - Police increase patrol of Port-au-Prince as gang violence continues to escalate.[30]
- 11 March - Gang members are observed sitting together in Port-au-Prince, illustrating their continued control over the city according to some.[30]
- 13 March - Prime Minister Ariel Henry announces his resignation plan amidst growing pressure from both the international community and gang leaders, with gangs warning of a civil war.[30]
- 21 March - The international community's debates over Haitian intervention, with Kenya pledging police support to restore order amid the growing gang violence.[3]
June
- 25 June - 800 Kenyan police officers arrived at Toussaint Louverture International Airport in Port-au-Prince as part of the U.N.-backed Multinational Security Support Mission (MSS) to aid Haitian police in combating armed gangs.[33][34]
July
- Kenyan police officers are deployed near the national palace in Port-au-Prince as part of a peacekeeping mission.[35]
October
- 4 October - Gang members attack Pont-Sondé, killing 70 people. The Gran Grif gang, armed with knives and assault rifles, launch the assault at night, using canoes for a quiet approach.[36]
- 6 October - Survivors of the Pont-Sonde attack, numbering 6,270 people, are left homeless. They are crowded into temporary shelters in Saint-Marc, including a church and school.[36]
- 7 October - Haitian government deploys armored vehicles and medical supplies to the affected areas, as Gran Grif, led by Luckson Elan, become the largest gang in Artibonite.[36]
- 8 October - U.N. sanctions were imposed on Gran Grif gang leader Luckson Elan.[36]
- 17 October - Soldiers patrol Port-au-Prince as Solino, one of the few gang-free communities in Port-au-Prince, comes under attack.[37]
- 20 October - Haiti's National Police seize control of several areas in Solino while continuing to pursue gang members.[37]
- 21 October - Prime Minister Garry Conille announces the recall of elite police and soldiers to reinforce areas under gang assault, including Solino.[37]
November
- 14 November - Residents flee the Nazon neighborhood of Port-au-Prince due to escalating gang violence and displacement.[31]
December
- In Cité Soleil, at least 207 people are killed over a five day period during coordinated gang attacks.[38]
- 9 December - People flee their homes in the Poste Marchand suburb of Port-au-Prince due to weekend gang violence involving the Viv Ansanm alliance.[39]
- 10 December - Armed gangs set fire to cars in the Poste Marchand area.[31]
2025
January
- 14 January - Over 1 million Haitians are displaced due to escalating gang violence in Port-au-Prince, with more than half being children.[33]
- 20 January - Executive Order 14169 signed by U.S. President Donald Trump suspends all new U.S. foreign funding and humanitarian aid to Haiti.[40]
March
- 7 March - Fritz Alphonse Jean officially becomes President of Haiti’s Transitional Presidential Council.[41]
- 9 March - Police seize 10,000 bullets, weapons, and drugs in the town of Mirebalais, northeast of Port-au-Prince.[42]
- 11 March - The Viv Ansanm gang coalition initiated an attack on the Carrefour-Feuilles neighborhood, trapping priests inside a church.[42]
- 12 March - Haitian authorities evacuate students from a Catholic school in western Port-au-Prince due to heavy gunfire in the area near the Oloffson Hotel.[42]
- 25 March - Kenyan police officer Benedict Kuria Kabiru is killed after a gang ambush during a patrol in Pont-Sondé. Initially reported missing, his death is confirmed by the Haitian Presidential Transitional Council.[35][43]
- 26 March - UNICEF warns that Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) stocks are running short in Haiti due to U.S. aid funding cuts.[44][45]
- 28 March -
- UN Human Rights Chief Volker Türk describes Haiti's situation as a "catastrophe" due to escalating gang violence, widespread impunity, and political instability, urging international action to address the crisis.[38]
- Former Jamaican PM Bruce Golding warns that Haiti is "perilously close" to being a failed state, urging international intervention to secure its future.[46]
- 31 March - The Viv Ansanm gang coalition takes control of Mirebalais and facilitates the escape of 515 prisoners from a local jail.[47]
April
- 2 April - Mass protests against gang violence in Port-au-Prince as thousands of citizens demand the resignation of government coalition leader Alix Didier Fils-Aimé.[48][49][50]
- 3 April - Two nuns, Evanette Onezaire and Jeanne Voltaire (Order of Saint Teresa), are killed in Mirebalais during a gang attack by the Vivre Ensemble coalition.[48]
- 5 April - Reports highlight the severe impact of the Trump administration's dismantling of the Inter-American Foundation on Haiti, with aid programs affecting thousands of Haitians.[51]
- 10 April - Haiti's government confirms drone strikes on gangs amid escalating violence.[52]
- 16 April - Haitian army patrols Port-au-Prince during public protests against insecurity.[53]
- 17 April - A UN-backed report warns that over half of Haiti’s population will face severe hunger through June 2025.[54]
- 21 April - UN Special Representative María Isabel Salvador warns that Haiti is nearing "total chaos" due to escalating gang violence.[55]
- 23 April - Viv Ansanm attempts to force the closure and evacuation of the Mirebalais University Hospital.[47]
- 24 April - Gangs launched an attack on Petite Rivière, Artibonite region, initiating several days of violence.[56]
May
- 1 May - The United States designates two major Haitian gangs, Viv Ansanm and Gran Grif, as terrorist organizations.[39][57][58]
- 2 May -
- Reporters Without Borders ranks Haiti 111th in its 2025 World Press Freedom Index, citing state collapse and gang violence.[59]
- UN reports a worsening healthcare crisis in Haiti, as 42% of healthcare facilities are closed in Port-au-Prince.[60]
- University Hospital of Mirebalais suspends operations due to a wave of insecurity, contributing to a healthcare collapse in the Centre Department.[60]
- 3 May - Hundreds gather for a memorial for slain community leaders in Canapé-Vert, as armed mourners in balaclavas vowed to continue resisting gangs.[57]
- 4 May - Protesters march through Port-au-Prince, demanding security and the resignation of Haiti’s leadership amid ongoing gang violence.[57]
- 6 May - Haiti's Center for Analysis and Research for Human Rights warns that the U.S. terror designations could harm humanitarian efforts in the gang-controlled zones.[39]
- 7 May - Haiti's central bank issues guidance to financial institutions to monitor and avoid transactions that could fund terrorist groups.[39]
- 8 May - The Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime states that terror designations might backfire by restricting NGO access to gang-held areas.[39]
- 9 May - The IRC warns that continued funding withdrawal risks destabilization and potential extremist gains in Haiti.[61]
- 12 May - Kenya and the Dominican Republic call for more funding for the UN-backed MSS mission in Haiti, citing struggles to curb gang violence due to limited resources.[62]
- 13 May - Protesters shut down the Péligre hydroelectric plant, resulting in a total power outage in Port-au-Prince and central Haiti.[47]
- 15 May - A protest erupts in Port-au-Prince against gang violence and demands for the resignation of Haiti’s transitional presidential council.[63]
- 16 May - The UN-backed 2025 Global Report on Food Crises is released, identifying Haiti as one of the countries severely impacted by hunger due to conflict.[64][65]
- 17 May - Kenya formally requests Brazil's support in both funding and expertise for the Haiti Multinational Security Support (MSS) Mission.[66]
- 22 May - At an Organization of American States meeting, Haitian ministers appeal for urgent regional security assistance to combat armed gangs.[67]
- 24 May - At least 50 people are killed in a gang attack on the town of Preval in central Haiti.[68]
- 25 May - Reports confirm Haiti is running out of HIV medication after USAID cuts, as protests are held in Port-au-Prince by HIV-positive individuals calling for government action.[69]
- 27 May - Dominica Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit publicly urges negotiation with Haitian gangs.[70]
- 29 May - The Haitian government uses private military contractors to use drones and other means to kill gang members as part of a task force aimed at reclaiming gang-controlled territory.[71][72]
June
- 3 June - Around 14,000 people are displaced from Kenscoff, Ouest, after gang violence leads to homes being burned.[73]
- 8 June - Haitians are seen at the country's only functioning airport boarding planes to the United States amid fears of violence and kidnapping.[74]
- 9 June -
- 11 June - The UN's International Organization for Migration reports a record 1.3 million people displaced by gang-related violence in Haiti.[63][75]
- 12 June - The U.S. Department of Homeland Security announces the immediate revocation of temporary legal status and work permits for Haitians under the humanitarian parole program.[76] ffri
- 13 June - Brazil’s President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, during a meeting with Caribbean leaders in Brasília, calls on the United Nations to finance the current Haiti mission.[77]
- 16 June - The UN’s Hunger Hotspots report identifies Haiti as one of five countries at immediate risk of starvation.[78]
- 17 June - Haiti officially restarts its stalled investigation into the assassination of former President Jovenel Moïse.[25]
- 21 June - Fritz Alphonse Jean confirms the government’s use of foreign private security contractors in the anti-gang fight.[41]
- 22 June - The “Talibans” gang seize La Chapelle in a pre-dawn attack, torching the police station and sealing off the town, forcing police to flee.[79]
- 24 June - The US embassy in Haiti urges American citizens to “depart Haiti as soon as possible” due to escalating gang violence and instability.[80]
- 26 June - Prime Minister Alix Didier Fils-Aime attends an event marking one year since the start of the Multinational Security Support Mission in Port-au-Prince.[81]
- 27 June -
- Commander Godfrey Otunge appeals for more international support to Haiti, citing severe shortages in troops, equipment, and funding.[82]
- U.S. District Judge Brian Cogan blocks an early termination of Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for Haitians, preserving protections through 3 February 2026, citing unlawful procedures by Homeland Security.[83]
- The Organization of American States (OAS) adopts s resolution calling for a 45-day action plan to improve security and support political dialogue.[84]
- 28 June - Protests begin in Port-au-Prince against insecurity, with demonstrators calling for drones to protect people rather than target them.[85]
- 29 June - The U.S. Embassy in Haiti issues an urgent warning for Americans to leave Haiti immediately due to the ongoing violence and instability.[86]
July
- 2 July -
- Haitian police raid a medical facility in Pétion-Ville suspected of involvement in illicit organ trafficking.[87]
- The U.N. reports gangs are disrupting key trade routes including Belladere and Malpasse with attacks on police and customs officials.[81]
- 3 July -
- A wave of gang attacks in Centre Department displaces nearly 27,500 people in a single day, leading to the creation of 23 new spontaneous displacement sites.[88]
- Kenyan police patrol areas near Port-au-Prince's airport as part of a UN-backed multinational mission to support Haiti's police against gang control.[89]
- 6 July - Gangs set fire to the historic Grand Hôtel Oloffson in Port-au-Prince during an armed assault on the Pacot neighborhood.[90][91]
- 7 July - Six UNICEF employees are kidnapped during an authorized mission in gang-controlled territory in Port-au-Prince.[92]
- 10 July - Fritz Jean issues an open letter calling for more transparency from acting Prime Minister Alix Fils-Aimé regarding drone task force operations.[93]
- 11 July - The UN releases a joint report by BINUH and OHCHR documenting severe human rights violations in Haiti amid escalating gang violence, particularly in the Artibonite and Centre Departments.[94]
- 12 July - Haiti appeals to CARICOM for regional solidarity, as the incoming Transitional Presidential Council President Laurent Saint Cyr emphasized the need for unity in supporting Haiti’s security and development.[95]
- 13 July - The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights calls for international intervention in Haiti, citing both gang violence and increasing human rights abuses by self-defence groups.[96]
- 14 July - U.S. Deputy Secretary Landau meets Haiti’s Prime Minister to discuss security, support for the MSS mission, and sanctions against destabilizers.[97]
- 15 July -
- The U.S. State Department reissues a Level 4 “Do Not Travel” advisory for Haiti due to high levels of kidnapping, violent crime, terrorism, and civil unrest.[98]
- The United Nations Security Council unanimously extends the mandate of the UN Integrated Office in Haiti (BINUH) until 31 January 2026 to support Haiti's democratic transition.[99]
- 16 July - A substitute pilgrimage is held in Port-au-Prince as gangs control Saut-d’Eau, with the gang leaders appearing at the original church.[100]
- 17 July - Pierre Reginald Boulos is arrested in Miami by ICE for gang support and actions contributing to Haiti's destabilization.[101]
- 18 July - Gangs attack the Marchand-Dessalines area in Artibonite Department, setting fire to the local police station, and forcing officers to flee and killing one civilian.[102]
- 19 July - Colombian President Gustavo Petro visits Port-au-Prince, focusing on security cooperation amid the escalating gang violence.[103]
August
- 1 August - A UN report confirms over 1,500 Haitians were killed between April and June in 2025 due to gang violence.[104]
- 5 August - Irish missionary Gena Heraty, a child, and seven staff are kidnapped by suspected gang members from an orphanage in Kenscoff.[92]
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