Thulium(III) sulfate

Thulium(III) sulfate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.039.982
EC Number
  • anhydrous: 243-996-4
  • octahydrate: 621-969-1
UNII
  • InChI=1S/3H2O4S.2Tm/c3*1-5(2,3)4;;/h3*(H2,1,2,3,4);;/q;;;2*+3/p-6
    Key: NEEAOWXTIOQDFM-UHFFFAOYSA-H
  • monohydrate: InChI=1S/3H2O4S.H2O.2Tm/c3*1-5(2,3)4;;;/h3*(H2,1,2,3,4);1H2;;/q;;;;2*+3/p-6
    Key: UHRIULLMPAUAOV-UHFFFAOYSA-H
  • octahydrate: InChI=1S/3H2O4S.8H2O.2Tm/c3*1-5(2,3)4;;;;;;;;;;/h3*(H2,1,2,3,4);8*1H2;;/q;;;;;;;;;;;2*+3/p-6
    Key: GPBYLGMJMIXKMU-UHFFFAOYSA-H
  • anhydrous: [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Tm+3].[Tm+3]
  • monohydrate: O.O=S(=O)([O-])[O-].O=S(=O)([O-])[O-].O=S(=O)([O-])[O-].[Tm+3].[Tm+3]
  • octahydrate: O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O=S(=O)([O-])[O-].O=S(=O)([O-])[O-].O=S(=O)([O-])[O-].[Tm+3].[Tm+3]
Properties
Tm2(SO4)3
Molar mass 626.04 g·mol−1
Density 1.130 g/cm3 (25 °C)[1]
160.32 g/L (25 °C)[1]
Hazards[2]
GHS labelling:
GHS07: Exclamation mark
Warning
H315, H319, H335
P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Thulium(III) sulfate is an inorganic compound of thulium, with the molecular formula Tm2(SO4)3.

It has received little scientific attention as its solubility in water was only determined in 2023[1] despite it being known since at least 1911.[3][4]

Preparation

Thulium(III) oxide has been reported to react with strong acids with hydrochloric acid being explicitly mentioned.[5] Sulfuric acid is also a strong acid that forms sulfate salts.[6]

Tm2O3 + 3 H2SO4 → Tm2(SO4)3 + 3 H2O

Properties

Thulium sulfate can form an octahydrate.[7][8]

It can also be used as a dopant for e.g. lithium borate glass that contains copper nanoparticles in order to limit photo-darkening[9] or in thermoluminescent dosimeters.[10]

It undergoes ion exchange with barium bromate to yield thulium(III) bromate and barium sulfate which precipitates from the aqueous solution.[3]

Tm2(SO4)3 + 3 Ba(BrO3)2 → 2 Tm(BrO3)3 + 3 BaSO4↓

References

  1. ^ a b c Judge, W.D.; Ng, K.L.; Moldoveanu, G.A.; Kolliopoulos, G.; Papangelakis, V.G.; Azimi, G. (2023). "Solubilities of heavy rare earth sulfates in water (gadolinium to lutetium) and H2SO4 solutions (dysprosium)". Hydrometallurgy. 218 106054. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2023.106054. Retrieved 2025-08-15.
  2. ^ "C&L Inventory". ECHA. Retrieved 2025-08-15.
  3. ^ a b James, C. (1911). "THULIUM I. 1" (PDF). Journal of the American Chemical Society. 33 (8): 1332–1344. Bibcode:1911JAChS..33.1332J. doi:10.1021/ja02221a007. ISSN 0002-7863. Retrieved 2025-08-15.
  4. ^ Das, Gaurav; Lencka, Malgorzata M.; Eslamimanesh, Ali; Wang, Peiming; Anderko, Andrzej; Riman, Richard E.; Navrotsky, Alexandra (2019). "Rare earth sulfates in aqueous systems: Thermodynamic modeling of binary and multicomponent systems over wide concentration and temperature ranges". The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics. 131. Elsevier BV: 49–79. Bibcode:2019JChTh.131...49D. doi:10.1016/j.jct.2018.10.020. ISSN 0021-9614.
  5. ^ Mitrovic, I. Z.; Hall, S.; Althobaiti, M.; Hesp, D.; Dhanak, V. R.; Santoni, A.; Weerakkody, A. D.; Sedghi, N.; Chalker, P. R.; Henkel, C.; Dentoni Litta, E.; Hellström, P.-E.; Östling, M.; Tan, H.; Schamm-Chardon, S. (2015-06-03). "Atomic-layer deposited thulium oxide as a passivation layer on germanium". Journal of Applied Physics. 117 (21) 214104. AIP Publishing. Bibcode:2015JAP...117u4104M. doi:10.1063/1.4922121. ISSN 0021-8979. Retrieved 2025-08-15.
  6. ^ Housecroft, Catherine E.; Sharpe, A. G. (2005). Inorganic Chemistry. Harlow: Pearson Education. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-13-039913-7.
  7. ^ Berringer, B.W.; Gruber, J.B.; Karlow, E.A. (1972). "Far infrared spectra of hydrated and anhydrous tripositive thulium sulfate". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 34 (6): 2084–2086. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(72)80568-2. Retrieved 2025-08-15.
  8. ^ Karlow, E. A.; Gruber, J. B. (1971-11-15). "Optical and Magnetic Studies of Tripositive Thulium in Octahydrated Sulfate Crystals". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 55 (10): 4730–4744. Bibcode:1971JChPh..55.4730K. doi:10.1063/1.1675571. ISSN 0021-9606. Retrieved 2025-08-15.
  9. ^ Elias, Janet A.; Diaz-Torres, Luis A.; Gomez-Solis, Christian; Montes, Eduardo; Toscano, Gerardo; Vallejo, Miguel A. (2022). "Li2B4O7 glass exhibits photo-darkening suppression due to copper nanoparticles". Applied Physics A. 128 (3) 171. doi:10.1007/s00339-022-05310-9. ISSN 0947-8396. Retrieved 2025-08-15.
  10. ^ Kartikasari, D.; Zulys, A.; Hiswara, E.; Nuraeni, N. (2018). Synthesis of thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) using calcium sulfate (CaSO4) with variations of dysprosium (Dy) and thulium (Tm) dopants. AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 2023. p. 020084. doi:10.1063/1.5064081.
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