Sharpless catalog

Sharpless catalog
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The Sharpless catalog is a list of 313 H II regions (emission nebulae) intended to be comprehensive north of declination −27°. (It does include some nebulae south of that declination as well.) The first edition was published in 1953 with 142 objects (Sh1), and the second and final version was published by US astronomer Stewart Sharpless in 1959 with 312 objects. Sharpless also includes some planetary nebulae and supernova remnants, in addition to H II regions.[1]

In 1953 Stewart Sharpless joined the staff of the United States Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station,[2] where he surveyed and cataloged H II regions of the Milky Way using the images from the Palomar Sky Survey. From this work Sharpless published his catalog of H II regions in two editions: the first in 1953, with 142 nebulae;[3] and the second and final edition in 1959, with 312 nebulae.[2][4]

Sharpless coordinates are based on the star catalogs Bonner Durchmusterung (BD) and Cordoba Durchmusterung (CD), but the second release was adjusted to the 1900 epoch.[1]

In the second release, some coordinates for southern hemisphere regions have an uncertainty over 1 minute of arc.[1] This can make them difficult to find, so a revised catalog called BFS (Blitz, Fich and Stark) was released[1] with 65 new regions and about 20 removals.[1] Most of the removed items were the aforementioned nebula or remnants.[1]

The 312 items in Sharpless sometimes overlap with the 110 Messier objects (M), 7,840 objects in the New General Catalogue (NGC), the Caldwell catalogue (itself a "best of" from other catalogues, with 109 items), and the RCW catalog. Contemporary catalogs were Gum and RCW, but they mainly covered the southern hemisphere.

Examples

Examples of second Sharpless (1958 version) catalog; click on image for image credit, most of which are either various amateur astronomers, the ESO, ESA, or NASA

Sh2 No. A common name Images Names and designations
Sh 2-1
Sh 2-3 RCW 120
Sh 2-6 Bug Nebula Sh2-6, NGC 6302, Bug Nebula,

PK 349+01 1, Butterfly Nebula, RCW 124, Gum 60, Caldwell 69

Sh 2-8 NGC 6334 ESO 392-EN 009, Sharpless 8, RCW 127, Gum 64, NGC 6334
Sh 2-9 Gum 65
Sh 2-10 RCW 130
Sh 2-11 War and Peace Nebula Sh2-11, NGC 6357, RCW 131, Gum 66, War and Peace Nebula
Sh 2-25 Lagoon Nebula Sh2 25, RCW 146, Gum 72, Messier 8
Sh 2-29 Sharpless 29 Sh2 29, NGC 6559
Sh 2-30 Trifid Nebula Sh2 30, Messier 20, NGC 6514, RCW 147, Gum 76
Sh 2-45 Omega Nebula Omega Nebula, Messier 17, NGC 6618, Swan Nebula, Sharpless 45, RCW 160, Gum 81
Sh 2-49 Eagle Nebula Sh2 49, Messier 16, NGC 6611, RCW 165, Gum 83
Sh 2-54
Sh 2-64 W 40 Sh2 64, RCW 174
Sh 2-88
Sh 2-101 Tulip Nebula Sharpless 101, Cygnus Star Cloud
Sh 2-105 Crescent Nebula Sh2 105, NGC 6888, Sharpless 105, Caldwell 27
Sh 2-106 Celestial Snow Angel Sh2-106, Celestial Snow Angel
Sh 2-113 Flying Dragon Nebula
Sh 2-117 North America Nebula NGC 7000, Caldwell 20
Sh 2-125 Cocoon Nebula IC 5146, Caldwell 19
Sh 2-140 Sh2-140 Sh2-140
Sh 2-155 Cave Nebula Sh2-155, Caldwell 9
Sh 2-158 NGC 7538 Sh2-158, NGC 7538
Sh 2-162 Bubble Nebula Sh2-162, NGC 7635, Bubble nebula
Sh 2-171 NGC 7822 Sh2-171, NGC 7822
Sh 2-184 NGC 281 NGC 281, IC 11
Sh 2-185
Sh 2-191 Maffei 1 Sh2-191, Maffei 1, PGC 9892
Sh 2-197 Maffei 2 Sh2-197, Maffei 2, UGCA 39,[5]PGC 10217,[5]
Sh 2-199 Soul Nebula Sh2-199, LBN 667, Soul Nebula, IC 1848 (cluster only)
Sh 2-201
Sh 2-211, 2-212 Tribble Nebulae NGC 1624, Sh2-211, Sh2-212
Sh 2-220 California Nebula NGC 1499, Sharpless 220
Sh 2-229 Flaming Star Nebula Flaming Star Nebula, Caldwell 31, IC 405, Sh2-229
Sh 2-237 NGC 1931 Sharpless 237
Sh 2-238 Hind's Nebula NGC 1555, Hind's Nebula, Sharpless 238
Sh 2-240 Simeis 147
Sh 2-244 Crab Nebula Messier 1, NGC 1952,
Sh 2-248 Jellyfish Nebula IC 443, Sh2-248, Jellyfish Nebula
Sh 2-264
Sh 2-275 Rosette Nebula Sh2-275, CTB 21
Sh 2-276 Barnard's Loop Sh2-276, Barnard's Loop
Sh 2-277 Flame Nebula Sh2-271, NGC 2024
Sh 2-279 Running Man Nebula NGC 1973, NGC 1975, NGC 1977
Sh 2-281 Orion Nebula Messier 42, NGC 1976, LBN 974
Sh 2-297 Sh2-297 Ced 90, LBN 1039
Sh 2-298 Thor's Helmet Thor's Helmet, Gum 4, Sharpless 298, NGC 2359
Sh 2-302 RCW 7
Sh 2-308
Sh 2-313 Abell 35

List

  • Sh 2-1
  • Sh 2-2
  • Sh 2-3
  • Sh 2-4
  • Sh 2-5
  • Sh 2-6
  • Sh 2-7
  • Sh 2-8
  • Sh 2-9
  • Sh 2-10
  • Sh 2-11
  • Sh 2-12
  • Sh 2-13
  • Sh 2-14
  • Sh 2-15
  • Sh 2-16
  • Sh 2-17
  • Sh 2-18
  • Sh 2-19
  • Sh 2-20
  • Sh 2-21
  • Sh 2-22
  • Sh 2-23
  • Sh 2-24
  • Sh 2-25
  • Sh 2-26
  • Sh 2-27
  • Sh 2-28
  • Sh 2-29
  • Sh 2-30
  • Sh 2-31
  • Sh 2-32
  • Sh 2-33
  • Sh 2-34
  • Sh 2-35
  • Sh 2-36
  • Sh 2-37
  • Sh 2-38
  • Sh 2-39
  • Sh 2-40
  • Sh 2-41
  • Sh 2-42
  • Sh 2-43
  • Sh 2-44
  • Sh 2-45
  • Sh 2-46
  • Sh 2-47
  • Sh 2-48
  • Sh 2-49
  • Sh 2-50
  • Sh 2-51
  • Sh 2-52
  • Sh 2-53
  • Sh 2-54
  • Sh 2-55
  • Sh 2-56
  • Sh 2-57
  • Sh 2-58
  • Sh 2-59
  • Sh 2-60
  • Sh 2-61
  • Sh 2-62
  • Sh 2-63
  • Sh 2-64
  • Sh 2-65
  • Sh 2-66
  • Sh 2-67
  • Sh 2-68
  • Sh 2-69
  • Sh 2-70
  • Sh 2-71
  • Sh 2-72
  • Sh 2-73
  • Sh 2-74
  • Sh 2-75
  • Sh 2-76
  • Sh 2-77
  • Sh 2-78
  • Sh 2-79
  • Sh 2-80
  • Sh 2-81
  • Sh 2-82
  • Sh 2-83
  • Sh 2-84
  • Sh 2-85
  • Sh 2-86
  • Sh 2-87
  • Sh 2-88
  • Sh 2-89
  • Sh 2-90
  • Sh 2-91
  • Sh 2-92
  • Sh 2-93
  • Sh 2-94
  • Sh 2-95
  • Sh 2-96
  • Sh 2-97
  • Sh 2-98
  • Sh 2-99
  • Sh 2-100
  • Sh 2-101
  • Sh 2-102
  • Sh 2-103
  • Sh 2-104
  • Sh 2-105
  • Sh 2-106
  • Sh 2-107
  • Sh 2-108
  • Sh 2-109
  • Sh 2-110
  • Sh 2-111
  • Sh 2-112
  • Sh 2-113
  • Sh 2-114
  • Sh 2-115
  • Sh 2-116
  • Sh 2-117
  • Sh 2-118
  • Sh 2-119
  • Sh 2-120
  • Sh 2-121
  • Sh 2-122
  • Sh 2-123
  • Sh 2-124
  • Sh 2-125
  • Sh 2-126
  • Sh 2-127
  • Sh 2-128
  • Sh 2-129
  • Sh 2-130
  • Sh 2-131
  • Sh 2-132
  • Sh 2-133
  • Sh 2-134
  • Sh 2-135
  • Sh 2-136
  • Sh 2-137
  • Sh 2-138
  • Sh 2-139
  • Sh 2-140
  • Sh 2-141
  • Sh 2-142
  • Sh 2-143
  • Sh 2-144
  • Sh 2-145
  • Sh 2-146
  • Sh 2-147
  • Sh 2-148
  • Sh 2-149
  • Sh 2-150
  • Sh 2-151
  • Sh 2-152
  • Sh 2-153
  • Sh 2-154
  • Sh 2-155
  • Sh 2-156
  • Sh 2-157
  • Sh 2-158
  • Sh 2-159
  • Sh 2-160
  • Sh 2-161
  • Sh 2-162
  • Sh 2-163
  • Sh 2-164
  • Sh 2-165
  • Sh 2-166
  • Sh 2-167
  • Sh 2-168
  • Sh 2-169
  • Sh 2-170
  • Sh 2-171
  • Sh 2-172
  • Sh 2-173
  • Sh 2-174
  • Sh 2-175
  • Sh 2-176
  • Sh 2-177
  • Sh 2-178
  • Sh 2-179
  • Sh 2-180
  • Sh 2-181
  • Sh 2-182
  • Sh 2-183
  • Sh 2-184
  • Sh 2-185
  • Sh 2-186
  • Sh 2-187
  • Sh 2-188
  • Sh 2-189
  • Sh 2-190
  • Sh 2-191
  • Sh 2-192
  • Sh 2-193
  • Sh 2-194
  • Sh 2-195
  • Sh 2-196
  • Sh 2-197
  • Sh 2-198
  • Sh 2-199
  • Sh 2-200
  • Sh 2-201
  • Sh 2-202
  • Sh 2-203
  • Sh 2-204
  • Sh 2-205
  • Sh 2-206
  • Sh 2-207
  • Sh 2-208
  • Sh 2-209
  • Sh 2-210
  • Sh 2-211
  • Sh 2-212
  • Sh 2-213
  • Sh 2-214
  • Sh 2-215
  • Sh 2-216
  • Sh 2-217
  • Sh 2-218
  • Sh 2-219
  • Sh 2-220
  • Sh 2-221
  • Sh 2-222
  • Sh 2-223
  • Sh 2-224
  • Sh 2-225
  • Sh 2-226
  • Sh 2-227
  • Sh 2-228
  • Sh 2-229
  • Sh 2-230
  • Sh 2-231
  • Sh 2-232
  • Sh 2-233
  • Sh 2-234
  • Sh 2-235
  • Sh 2-236
  • Sh 2-237
  • Sh 2-238
  • Sh 2-239
  • Sh 2-240
  • Sh 2-241
  • Sh 2-242
  • Sh 2-243
  • Sh 2-244
  • Sh 2-245
  • Sh 2-246
  • Sh 2-247
  • Sh 2-248
  • Sh 2-249
  • Sh 2-250
  • Sh 2-251
  • Sh 2-252
  • Sh 2-253
  • Sh 2-254
  • Sh 2-255
  • Sh 2-256
  • Sh 2-257
  • Sh 2-258
  • Sh 2-259
  • Sh 2-260
  • Sh 2-261
  • Sh 2-262
  • Sh 2-263
  • Sh 2-264
  • Sh 2-265
  • Sh 2-266
  • Sh 2-267
  • Sh 2-268
  • Sh 2-269
  • Sh 2-270
  • Sh 2-271
  • Sh 2-272
  • Sh 2-273
  • Sh 2-274
  • Sh 2-275
  • Sh 2-276
  • Sh 2-277
  • Sh 2-278
  • Sh 2-279
  • Sh 2-280
  • Sh 2-281
  • Sh 2-282
  • Sh 2-283
  • Sh 2-284
  • Sh 2-285
  • Sh 2-286
  • Sh 2-287
  • Sh 2-288
  • Sh 2-289
  • Sh 2-290
  • Sh 2-291
  • Sh 2-292
  • Sh 2-293
  • Sh 2-294
  • Sh 2-295
  • Sh 2-296
  • Sh 2-297
  • Sh 2-298
  • Sh 2-299
  • Sh 2-300
  • Sh 2-301
  • Sh 2-302
  • Sh 2-303
  • Sh 2-304
  • Sh 2-305
  • Sh 2-306
  • Sh 2-307
  • Sh 2-308
  • Sh 2-309
  • Sh 2-310
  • Sh 2-311
  • Sh 2-312
  • Sh 2-313

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Galaxy Map – The Gum, RCW, Sharpless and BFS catalogs
  2. ^ a b Steven, Dick (2002). Sky and Ocean Joined: The U.S. Naval Observatory, 1830–2000. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81599-4.
  3. ^ Stewart Sharpless, A Catalogue of Emission Nebulae Near the Galactic Plane, Astrophysical Journal, vol. 118, p.362, 1953
  4. ^ Stewart Sharpless, A Catalogue of H II Regions, Astrophysical Journal Supplement, vol. 4, p.257, 1959
  5. ^ a b "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for Maffei 2. Retrieved 2006-11-25.
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