Süntel Formation

Süntel Formation
Stratigraphic range: Kimmeridgian
~
Süntel Formation at Langenberg quarry
TypeGeological formation
Sub-unitsSand-Tonkomplex & Unterbank Members
UnderliesGigas-Schichten & Holzen Formation
OverliesKorallenoolith Formation
ThicknessVariable, over 60 m (200 ft) at Langenberg Quarry
Lithology
PrimaryLimestone
OtherSandstone, claystone, marl
Location
Coordinates52°18′N 8°48′E / 52.3°N 8.8°E / 52.3; 8.8
Approximate paleocoordinates43°24′N 16°54′E / 43.4°N 16.9°E / 43.4; 16.9
RegionNordrhein-Westfalen, Niedersachsen
CountryGermany
ExtentLower Saxony Basin
Type section
Named forSüntel
LocationLower Saxon Hills
RegionNiedersachsen
Süntel Formation is located in Germany
Süntel Formation
Süntel Formation (Germany)

The Süntel Formation, previously known as the Kimmeridge Formation (German: "Mittlerer Kimmeridge"; Middle Kimmeridge),[1] is a geological formation in Germany. It is Late Jurassic in age, spanning the early to late Kimmeridgian stage. It predominantly consists of limestone deposited in shallow marine carbonate ramp conditions.[2]

Description

Map of the Lower Saxon Hills with Süntel center-right

The formation is part of the Lower Saxony Basin that borders the Süntel massif of the Lower Saxon Hills, part of the larger Harz Mountains. The formation is described as alternations of glauconitic marl, limestone and sandstone.[3]

Paleontological significance

The formation is known for its fossils, with the Langenberg Quarry having provided fossils of numerous vertebrates.

Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs of the Süntel Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images
Europasaurus E. holgeri Langenberg Quarry Bed 83 Disarticulated remains representing numerous individuals Sauropod dinosaur
Allosauroidea[4] Indeterminate DfMMh/FV1/19, small pedal ungual, cf. DfMMh/FV/343, small pedal phalanx
cf. Ceratosauria[4] DfMMh/FV/776, anterior chevron
cf. Megalosauroidea[4] DfMMh/FV/287, left fibula
cf. Tetanurae[4] DfMMh/FV/105, distal caudal vertebra
Theropoda[4] DfMMh/FV2/19, a small pedal phalanx III-1, DfMMh/FV3/19, proximal part of a small right fibula
Theropoda Hannover: Lindener Berg, Tönniesberg, and Ahlem, Thüste, Marienhagen, Holzen, Kahlberg and Langenberg Quarry 18 distinct morphotypes of teeth, referred to "Tyrannosauroidea, as well as Allosauroidea, Megalosauroidea cf. Marshosaurus, Megalosauridae cf. Torvosaurus and probably Ceratosauria"[5]

Turtles

Turtles of the Süntel Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images
Plesiochelys[4] Indeterminate Langenberg Quarry
cf. Thalassemys Indeterminate DFMMh/FV 296, "skull part (articulated quadrate, squamosal, basisphenoid, and pterygoid), a disarticulated 40 cm long partial carapace, plastron, and one cervical vertebra."[6]
Eucryptodira Indeterminate Bed 73 Juvenile carapace with disarticulated skull and right forelimb[7]

Squamates

Squamates of the Süntel Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images
Paramacellodidae Indeterminate Langenberg Quarry Partial skeleton[8]

Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs of the Süntel Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images
?Dsungaripteridae Indeterminate Langenberg Quarry DFMMh/FV 500, an articulated partial skeleton consisting of "10 thoracic vertebrae, complete pelvis and sacrum, left and right femur" with an associated possible partial right tibia.[9]

Crocodyliformes

Crocodyliformes of the Süntel Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images
Knoetschkesuchus[10] K. langenbergensis Langenberg Quarry Bed 83 two partial skeletons and various isolated bones Atoposaurid
Machimosaurus[11] M. hugii
Steneosaurus S. brevirostris[12] Rostrum, jaw and postcranial remains
Goniopholis[11] G. simus

Mammaliaforms

Mammaliaforms of the Süntel Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images
Cimbriodon [13] C. multituberculatus Langenberg Quarry Bed 83 upper and lower p3, p4 and p5 molars Paulchoffatiid multituberculate
Teutonodon[14] T. langenbergensis NLMH 105650, upper right M1 Pinheirodontid multituberculate[13]
Storchodon[15] S. cingulatus MH 105654, a right upper molar A large morganucodont
Hercynodon[16] H. germanicus NLMH 105668, left upper molar, NLMH 105669-70 right upper molars, NLMH 105671 left lower molar Dryolestid
Docodon[17] D. hercynicus two lower molars Docodontid
D. sp distal fragment of lower molar Docodontid
Paulchoffatiidae[13] Indeterminate NLMH 105655, left p4, NLMH 105651; m1 NLMH 105651 considered an Eobataarid by Martin et al. 2016, considered a Paulchoffatiid by Martin et al. 2019
Dryolestida[15] Indeterminate

Ichnofossils

Ichnofossils of the Süntel Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images
Megalosauripus[18] M. teutonicus Bruns quarry tracksite Sand-Tonkomplex Member
Elephantopoides[18] E. sp.
Strömer quarry tracksite
Grallator (Eubrontes)[18] Grallator (Eubrontes) sp.
Iguanodontipus[18] ?Iguanodontipus sp.

See also

References

  1. ^ Lallensack et al., 2015, p.4
  2. ^ Zuo F, Heimhofer U, Huck S, Luppold FW, Wings O, Erbacher J (January 2018). "Sedimentology and depositional sequences of a Kimmeridgian carbonate ramp system, Lower Saxony Basin, Northern Germany". Facies. 64 (1) 1. doi:10.1007/s10347-017-0513-0. ISSN 0172-9179. S2CID 134929243.
  3. ^ Bai et al., 2017
  4. ^ a b c d e f Evers SW, Wings O (2020-02-06). "Late Jurassic theropod dinosaur bones from the Langenberg Quarry (Lower Saxony, Germany) provide evidence for several theropod lineages in the central European archipelago". PeerJ. 8 e8437. doi:10.7717/peerj.8437. PMC 7007975. PMID 32071804.
  5. ^ Gerke, Oliver; Wings, Oliver (2016-07-06). Lötters, Stefan (ed.). "Multivariate and Cladistic Analyses of Isolated Teeth Reveal Sympatry of Theropod Dinosaurs in the Late Jurassic of Northern Germany". PLOS ONE. 11 (7): e0158334. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1158334G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158334. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4934775. PMID 27383054.
  6. ^ Marinheiro J, Mateus O (2011). Occurrence of the marine turtle Thalassemys in the Kimmeridgian of Oker, Germany. 71st Annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. p. 151.
  7. ^ Jansen M, Klein N (July 2014). Angielczyk K (ed.). "A juvenile turtle (Testudines, Eucryptodira) from the Upper Jurassic of Langenberg Quarry, Oker, Northern Germany". Palaeontology. 57 (4): 743–756. doi:10.1111/pala.12085. S2CID 128991586.
  8. ^ Richter A, Knötschke N, Kosma R, Sobral G, Wings O (October 2013). "The first Mesozoic lizard from northern Germany (Paramacellodidae, Late Jurassic, Langenberg Quarry) and its taphonomy". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (Program and Abstracts): 198.
  9. ^ Fastnacht M (2005). "The first dsungaripterid pterosaur from the Kimmeridgian of Germany and the biomechanics of pterosaur long bones". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 50: 273–288.
  10. ^ Schwarz D, Raddatz M, Wings O (2017-02-15). Claessens L (ed.). "Knoetschkesuchus langenbergensis gen. nov. sp. nov., a new atoposaurid crocodyliform from the Upper Jurassic Langenberg Quarry (Lower Saxony, northwestern Germany), and its relationships to Theriosuchus". PLOS ONE. 12 (2): e0160617. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1260617S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160617. PMC 5310792. PMID 28199316.
  11. ^ a b Karl HV, Gröning E, Brauckmann C, Schwarz D, Knötschke N (2006). "The Late Jurassic crocodiles of the Langenberg near Oker, Lower Saxony (Germany), and description of related materials (with remarks on the history of quarrying the "Langenberg Limestone" and "Obernkirchen Sandstone")". Clausthaler Geowissenschaften. 5: 59–77.
  12. ^ Karl HV, Gröning E, Brauckmann C, Knötschke N (2008). "First remains of the head of Steneosaurus (crocodylomorpha: teleosauridae) from the Late Jurassic of Oker (Lower Saxony, Germany)". Studia Geologica Salmanticensia. 44 (2): 187–201.
  13. ^ a b c Martin T, Averianov AO, Schultz JA, Schwermann AH, Wings O (2019-08-07). "Late Jurassic multituberculate mammals from Langenberg Quarry (Lower Saxony, Germany) and palaeobiogeography of European Jurassic multituberculates". Historical Biology. 33 (5): 616–629. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1650274. S2CID 201201555.
  14. ^ Martin TH, Schultz JA, Schwermann AH, Wings OL (2016). "First Jurassic mammals of Germany: Multituberculate teeth from Langenberg Quarry (Lower Saxony)". Palaeontologia Polonica. 67: 171–9. doi:10.4202/pp.2016.67_171 (inactive 12 July 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
  15. ^ a b Martin T, Averianov AO, Jäger KR, Schwermann AH, Wings O (2019-12-01). "A Large Morganucodontan Mammaliaform from the Late Jurassic of Germany". Fossil Imprint. 75 (3–4): 504–509. doi:10.2478/if-2019-0030. ISSN 2533-4069. S2CID 210921885.
  16. ^ Martin, Thomas; Averianov, Alexander O.; Schultz, Julia A.; Schwermann, Achim H.; Wings, Oliver (2021-05-16). "A derived dryolestid mammal indicates possible insular endemism in the Late Jurassic of Germany". The Science of Nature. 108 (3): 23. doi:10.1007/s00114-021-01719-z. ISSN 1432-1904. PMC 8126546. PMID 33993371.
  17. ^ Martin, Thomas; Averianov, Alexander O.; Lang, Andreas J.; Schultz, Julia A.; Wings, Oliver (2024-01-12). "Docodontans (Mammaliaformes) from the Late Jurassic of Germany". Historical Biology. 37 (2): 255–263. doi:10.1080/08912963.2023.2300635. ISSN 0891-2963.
  18. ^ a b c d Diedrich, 2011

Bibliography

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