Russian avant-garde

Abstract art. Vasily Kandinsky, Kandinsky's first abstract watercolor (Study for Composition VII, Première abstraction), painted in 1913[1]
Russian Futurism. Natalia Goncharova, Cyclist, 1913
Rayonism. Mikhail Larionov, The Glass, 1912
Suprematism. Kazimir Malevich, Black Square, 1915
Proletkult. El Lissitzky, Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge, 1919
Constructivism. Vladimir Tatlin, Monument to the Third International, 1919
Constructivist art. Alexander Rodchenko, chess table design, 1925
Constructivism. Ilya Golosov, Zuev Club, 1926

The Russian avant-garde was a large, influential wave of avant-garde modern art that flourished in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, approximately from 1890 to 1930—although some have placed its beginning as early as 1850 and its end as late as 1960. The term covers many separate, but inextricably related, art movements that flourished at the time; including Suprematism, Constructivism, Russian Futurism, Cubo-Futurism, Zaum, Imaginism, and Neo-primitivism.[2][3][4][5] In Ukraine, many of the artists who were born, grew up or were active in what is now Belarus and Ukraine (including Kazimir Malevich, Aleksandra Ekster, Vladimir Tatlin, David Burliuk, Alexander Archipenko), are also classified in the Ukrainian avant-garde.[6]

The Russian avant-garde reached its creative and popular height in the period between the Russian Revolution of 1917 and 1932, at which point the ideas of the avant-garde clashed with the newly emerged state-sponsored direction of Socialist Realism.[7]

Influence

The influence of the Russian avant-garde on recent developments in Western art is now undisputed. Without Kazimir Malevich's Black Square on White Background (1915), his later Suprematist composition White on White, Rodchenko's series of Black Pictures (1917/18), and his primary-colored triptych (1921), the evolution of non-representational art by artists such as Yves Klein, Barnett Newman, and Ad Reinhardt would be inconceivable. the same applies, for example, to works of American minimal art by Donald Judd and Carl Andre, which can be traced back to the materiality and functionality of early sculptures by Tatlin and Rodchenko.[8]

The founding of the National Academy of Arts in 1923, promoted by Lunacharsky, and the associated journals were primarily intended to promote exchange with Western countries. This was reflected above all in the establishment of the Soviet pavilion at the Paris Exhibition of Applied Arts in 1925 and in a major exhibition of contemporary French art in Moscow in 1928. The politicized Western art influenced by the Russian avant-garde also had an impact on Russia, as demonstrated by the exhibition of revolutionary art from the West in Moscow in 1926.[9]

Important collections

Exhibition in Chemnitz 2016/17

Under the theme “Revolutionary! Russian Avant-Garde from the Vladimir Tsarenkov Collection,” the Chemnitz Art Collections displayed 400 loans from 110 Russian avant-garde artists from the years 1907 to around 1930 on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Russian October Revolution.[10]

Artists and designers

Notable figures from this era include:

Journals

Filmmakers

Writers

Theatre directors

Architects

Preserving Russian avant-garde architecture has become a real concern for historians, politicians and architects. In 2007, MoMA in New York City, devoted an exhibition to Soviet avant-garde architecture in the postrevolutionary period, featuring photographs by Richard Pare.[11]

Composers

Many Russian composers that were interested in avant-garde music became members of the Association for Contemporary Music which was headed by Roslavets.

See also

References

  1. ^ Wassily Kandinsky, Untitled (study for Composition VII, Première abstraction), watercolor, 1913, MNAM, Centre Pompidou
  2. ^ Hatherley, Owen (2011-11-04). "The constructivists and the Russian revolution in art and achitecture". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-12-13.
  3. ^ "Cubo-Futurism | art movement". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-12-13.
  4. ^ Douglas, Charlotte (1975). "The New Russian Art and Italian Futurism". Art Journal. 34 (3): 229–239. doi:10.2307/775994. ISSN 0004-3249. JSTOR 775994.
  5. ^ "A Revolutionary Impulse: The Rise of the Russian Avant-Garde". The Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 2019-12-13.
  6. ^ "Ukrainian Avant Garde". Ukrainian Art Library. 26 January 2017.
  7. ^ Groys, Boris (2019-12-31), "3. The Birth of Socialist Realism from the Spirit of the Russian Avant-Garde", The Russian Avant-Garde and Radical Modernism, Academic Studies Press, pp. 250–276, doi:10.1515/9781618111425-010, ISBN 978-1-61811-142-5, S2CID 240605358
  8. ^ Vorwort. In: Susanne Anna: Russische Avantgarde. 1995, S. 5.
  9. ^ Centre Georges Pompidou: Moscou – Paris 1900–1930. Katalog, Paris 1979, S. 10–23.
  10. ^ Revolutionär! Russische Avantgarde aus der Sammlung Vladimir Tsarenkov. Ausstellung in den Kunstsammlungen Chemnitz, 11. Dezember 2016 bis zum 19. März 2017.
  11. ^ "Lost Vanguard: Soviet Modernist Architecture, 1922–32". MoMA. 2007. Retrieved 1 August 2019.

Further reading

  • Friedman, Julia. Beyond Symbolism and Surrealism: Alexei Remizov's Synthetic Art, Northwestern University Press, 2010. ISBN 0-8101-2617-6 (Trade Cloth)
  • Nakov, Andrei. Avant Garde Russe. England: Art Data. 1986.
  • Kovalenko, G.F. (ed.) The Russian Avant-Garde of 1910–1920 and Issues of Expressionism. Moscow: Nauka, 2003.
  • Rowell, M. and Zander Rudenstine A. Art of the Avant-Garde in Russia: Selections from the George Costakis Collection. New York: The Soloman R. Guggenheim Museum, 1981.
  • Shishanov V.A. Vitebsk Museum of Modern Art: a history of creation and a collection. 1918–1941. – Minsk: Medisont, 2007. – 144 p.[1]
  • “Encyclopedia of Russian Avangard. Fine Art. Architecture Vol.1 A-K, Vol.2 L-Z Biography”; Rakitin V.I., Sarab’yanov A.D., Moscow, 2013
  • Surviving Suprematism: Lazar Khidekel. Judah L. Magnes Museum, Berkeley CA, 2004
  • Lazar Khidekel and Suprematism. Prestel, 2014 (Regina Khidekel, with contributions by Constantin Boym, Magdalena Dabrowski, Charlotte Douglas, Tatyana Goryacheva, Irina Karasik, Boris Kirikov and Margarita Shtiglits, and Alla Rosenfeld)
  • Tedman, Gary. Soviet Avant Garde Aesthetics, chapter from Aesthetics & Alienation. pp 203–229. 2012. Zero Books. ISBN 978-1-78099-301-0
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