Protanystropheus

Protanystropheus
Temporal range: Middle Triassic,
Size compared to a human
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: †Tanysauria
Family: †Trachelosauridae
Genus: †
Sennikov, 2011
Type species
†Protanystropheus antiquus
(Huene, 1908)
[originally Tanystropheus antiquus]
Synonyms

?Thecodontosaurus primus Huene, 1908

Protanystropheus is an extinct genus of archosauromorph from the Middle Triassic (Anisian stage) of Poland, Germany, Austria and the Netherlands. It was named by Sennikov in 2011 and the type species is Protanystropheus antiquus, first described in 1908 by German paleontologist Friedrich von Huene under the name Tanystropheus antiquus[1] (some authors still prefer to include this species within Tanystropheus[2][3]). Sennikov (2011) referred to Protanystropheus several vertebrae, including those belonging to "Thecodontosaurus" primus,[1] but such a referral has later been questioned, because these specimens may represent other basal archosauromorphs.[2]

Phylogenetic analyses by Spiekman et al. (2021) found that "Tanystropheus" antiquus was more closely related to Dinocephalosaurus than Tanystropheus. The new clade encompassing taxa near Dinocephalosaurus was named Dinocephalosauridae.[4] In 2024 it was renamed to Trachelosauridae with the realization that the historical taxon Trachelosaurus was also a member of the group.[5]

References

  1. ^ a b Sennikov, A. G. (2011). "New tanystropheids (Reptilia: Archosauromorpha) from the Triassic of Europe". Paleontological Journal. 45 (1): 90–104. Bibcode:2011PalJ...45...90S. doi:10.1134/S0031030111010151. S2CID 85193597.
  2. ^ a b Skawiński, T.; Ziegler, M.; Czepiński, Ł.; Szermański, M.; Tałanda, M.; Surmik, D.; Niedźwiedzki, G. (2017). "A re-evaluation of the historical 'dinosaur' remains from the Middle-Upper Triassic of Poland". Historical Biology. 27 (4): 442–472. Bibcode:2017HBio...29..442S. doi:10.1080/08912963.2016.1188385. S2CID 133166493.
  3. ^ Spiekman, S. N. F.; Scheyer, T. M. (2019). Revision of Tanystropheus taxonomy (PDF). XVII Conference of the European Association of Vertebrate Palaeontologists, 2–6 July 2019. Brussels. p. 111.
  4. ^ Spiekman, Stephan N. F.; Fraser, Nicholas C.; Scheyer, Torsten M. (2021-05-03). "A new phylogenetic hypothesis of Tanystropheidae (Diapsida, Archosauromorpha) and other "protorosaurs", and its implications for the early evolution of stem archosaurs". PeerJ. 9: e11143. doi:10.7717/peerj.11143. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 8101476. PMID 33986981.
  5. ^ Spiekman, Stephan N. F.; Ezcurra, Martín D.; Rytel, Adam; Wang, Wei; Mujal, Eudald; Buchwitz, Michael; Schoch, Rainer R. (2024-03-15). "A redescription of Trachelosaurus fischeri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European Dinocephalosaurus-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early archosauromorphs". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 143 (1): 10. Bibcode:2024SwJP..143...10S. doi:10.1186/s13358-024-00309-6. ISSN 1664-2384.


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