Pedro Cervántez

Pedro Cervántez
Cervántez in his New Mexico studio, c. 1940
Born(1914-05-19)May 19, 1914[1]
Willcox, Arizona
DiedJuly 3, 1987(1987-07-03) (aged 73)
Clovis, New Mexico
NationalityAmerican
EducationEastern New Mexico College
Known forPainting
StyleRegionalism, Self-taught art

Pedro Cervántez (May 19, 1914 – July 3, 1987) was an American painter of Mexican descent, who lived and worked in New Mexico. In the wake of his projects for the Works Progress Administration and participation in a MoMA exhibition in 1938, he became one of the first Hispanic American visual artists to receive national recognition.[2][3]

Life and career

Pedro Lopez Cervántez was born to Mexican parents, Avelino Cervántez (1890–1971) and Inez Lopez (1894–1972), in Willcox, Arizona and grew up in Texico, New Mexico, on the Texas border.[4] A largely self-taught artist, his first major project was assisting painter Russell Vernon Hunter (1900–1955) with his three-part mural The Last Frontier (1934) at the De Baca County Courthouse in Fort Sumner.[5][6] In turn, Hunter recommended Cervántez for the Federal Art Project of the Works Progress Administration, a New Deal agency.[3][7]

Bovina Elevators, 1937

Sponsored by the federal government, Cervántez produced a number of paintings between 1934 and 1938, when ten of his works were included in the landmark exhibition Masters of Popular Painting: Modern Primitives of Europe and America, held at New York’s Museum of Modern Art from April to July 1938.[8]

Following the success of the show, Cervántez enrolled at Eastern New Mexico College to pursue formal artistic training. He obtained a two-year scholarship to study in Paris, though the outbreak of WWII thwarted his plans. Between 1942 and 1944, he served as a private first class in a tank destroyer battalion and was stationed in North Africa and Italy.[9] His only show during war years was a one-man exhibition of his paintings in New Orleans in 1941, which included some of his best-known WPA works, such as Bovina Elevators (1937).[2][10]

He married in 1946 and moved to Clovis, New Mexico, where he continued painting into the 1950s and 1960s.[11] Cervántez died on July 3, 1987, in Clovis.[3]

Museum collections

Paintings by Cervántez are found in the collections of the Smithsonian American Art Museum, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Sheldon Museum of Art, Oklahoma City Museum of Art, and Panhandle–Plains Historical Museum.[12]

References

  1. ^ Lopes Cervantez, Pedro. "New Mexico. Draft Registrations 1940–1947" (October 16, 1940) [Draft card]. Records of the Selective Service System, 1940, Fonds: 147, Series: 1837, File: 234. Washington, DC: National Archives. 2025-07-25.
  2. ^ a b "Artist WIll Study Abroad". The Albuquerque Tribune. Albuquerque, NM. January 22, 1940. p. 4. Retrieved July 25, 2025.
  3. ^ a b c Wishart, David J., ed. (2004). Encyclopedia of the Great Plains. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. p. 353. ISBN 978-0803247871.
  4. ^ Miller, Joseph (1962). New Mexico: A Guide To The Colorful State. New York: Hastings House. p. 169. Retrieved July 25, 2025.
  5. ^ "De Baca County Courthouse Murals". Living New Deal. Berkeley, CA: University of California–Berkeley. Retrieved July 25, 2025.
  6. ^ Melzer, Richard (2011). New Mexico: A Celebration of the Land of Enchantment. Layton, UT: Gibbs Smith. p. 142. ISBN 978-1423616337.
  7. ^ "Pedro Cervantez Largely Self-Taught Texico Artist Paints Slowly, Surely". The Albuquerque Tribune. Albuquerque, NM. September 19, 1936. p. 2. Retrieved July 25, 2025.
  8. ^ Cahill, Holger; Gauthier, Maximilien; Cassou, Jean; Miller, Dorothy C. (1938). Masters of Popular Painting: Modern Primitives of Europe and America (PDF). New York: Museum of Modern Art. p. 109–110. Retrieved July 25, 2025.
  9. ^ "Biographical Questionnaire for New Mexicans in the Armed Forces" (October 24, 1944). War Records Library, File: 49-2. Santa Fe, NM: New Mexico History Museum, Historical Society of New Mexico.
  10. ^ Blagden, Sue (January 19, 1941). "What's What in Orleans Art". The Sunday Item-Tribune. New Orleans, LA. p. 4. Retrieved July 25, 2025.
  11. ^ Quirarte, Jacinto (1973). Mexican American Artists. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. p. 69–70. ISBN 978-0292750067. Retrieved July 25, 2025.
  12. ^ "Pedro Cervantez". US General Services Administration. Washington, DC. 2025. Retrieved July 26, 2025.
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