Outlaw (1978 video game)

Not to be confused with Outlaw (video game), Outlaws (1985 video game), or Outlaws (1997 video game).
Outlaw
Box art by John Enright[1]
Developer(s)Atari[2]
Publisher(s)Atari[2]
Designer(s)David Crane
Platform(s)Atari 2600
ReleaseOctober 1978
Genre(s)Shooter[2]
Mode(s)Single-player, multiplayer

Outlaw[a] is a 1978 shooter video game developed at Atari by David Crane. The game has a Western setting, where one or two players either aim at targets or fellow gunfighters to reach 10 points in a set time. Several modes are available allowing for different obstacles an rules varying how the players move, how their bullets act and how the obstacles block the bullets.

The game was the first video game Crane made for Atari after being hired in 1977. He described the making of it as a "trial by fire" to learn what he could and could not do within the limitations of the Atari Video Computer System.[b][4] Like many early games for the system, Outlaw is a variation of an existing arcade game, namely Gun Fight (1975). Upon release, it received positive reviews from Creative Computing, The Space Gamer and the Xenia Daily Gazette. It has since been re-released in various Atari-themed compilation packages.

Theme and gameplay

Outlaw gameplay on the Atari 2600

Outlaw is a video game with a Western-theme. Due to the limited technology and graphics of the 1970s, both arcade and console video games displayed artwork with montage of gunfighters, horses and covered wagons to help illustrate these motifs to players.[5] Outlaw can be played in a one or two-player mode. Each player can move up down left and right on the screen. When holding down the button to aim, the player can control the angle the player will shoot at. Releasing the button fires the bullet.[6]

In the one-player mode called "Target Shoot", the player controls the movement of a gunfighter with the joystick and practices shooting the various moving targets that appear. The player has 99 seconds to reach a maximum score of 10 points with one point awarded every time the player hits the moving target. In the two-player modes called "Gunslinger Games", each player controls a gunslinger and scores points for shooting the opposing gunslinger. When a player is hit, they sit down (rather than fall over dead). The first player to reach 10 points wins.[6]

There are several variations to the gameplay. In "Blowaway" mode, bullets are more powerful and can destroy the centre obstacles in the game, such as a stage coach, wall or a cactus. In getaway mode, players can move immediately after shooting their gun instead of having to wait until their bullet vanishes for the screen or hits a target. In six shooter mode, each player's gun has six bullets and they both receive a new load of ammunition only after both players have used all six of their bullets.[6]

Development

Outlaw was developed by David Crane for Atari, Inc. for the Atari 2600.[2] Crane had previously worked at National Semiconductor.[7] While playing tennis with his friend Alan Miller, he was told by Miller that Atari was looking for game programmers. After proofreading a newspaper ad his friend had made for the work, he wrote a resume, was interviewed the next day at 10 am and had the job by 2 pm. Crane had officially started for Atari in the third quarter of 1977.[8]

Outlaw was the first commercial game he made for the Atari 2600.[9] The game began as a home console conversion of Midway's arcade game Gun Fight (1975), which itself was an officially licensed variation on the game Western Gun (1975) by Taito.[9] Crane said the game was influenced by Gun Fight and liked the idea of making a game with two opposing gunfighters.[10] Crane described that Atari was eager to quickly develop games based off of popular arcade titles.[11] Other companies had released similar games for their consoles during this period, such as Gunfighter for the RCA Studio II, and an official adaptation of Gun Fight was a built-in game on the Bally Professional Arcade.[12] Crane's version reduced the controls to one control stick and button.[13]

Crane said that Outlaw was developed in about six months and that he worked extra hours to complete it.[11] He described developing the game as a "trial by fire", and said he was too ambitious on the project. He later reflected that the best thing about the game was learning how to develop the gameplay elements so he could work on more complicated projects in the future and that "as the art advanced, we learned how to process the display kernels more efficiently, yielding more detailed graphics in later games."[4][11]

Release and reception

Outlaw was released for the Atari Video Computer System in October 1978.[9] For the Sears release of the Atari VCS under their Tele-Games label, the game was titled Gunslinger.[9][14] Crane said the game had sold over 500,000 units.[11] The game was re-released in various compilation formats for consoles and personal computers, such as the Atari 80 in One for Windows in 2003 and the Atari Anthology for PlayStation 2 and Xbox in 2004, and Atari 50: The Anniversary Celebration (2022) compilation for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Steam, and Xbox One.[15][16] It was also released on portable devices as part of the Atari Greatest Hits release for the Nintendo DS and iOS.[17][18] Following the release of the Atari 2600+ console, Atari SA announced it would re-release Outlaw for the system on a physical cartridge.[19][20] The release featured new artwork from Brazilian graphic designer and frequent Atari collaborator Butcher Billy.[20][21][22]

From contemporary reviews, David H. Ahl of Creative Computing appeared to have enjoyed the game, stating that "after a couple of glasses of wine, Chris Cef and I went into fits of convulsive laughter playing this game and lost or ability to fire straight. This could happen to you!"[25] Eric Thompson of The Space Gamer complimented the graphics and sound.[26] They had few complaints about the game other than that the character's gun was hard to see.[26] Dick Cowan of the Xenia Daily Gazette found it to be one of the better Atari games, noting that the different variations of the game could sustain players' interest.[27]

From retrospective reviews, Brett Alan Weiss, writing for AllGame said that Outlaw as a single-player game was overly simplistic and dull and was best played as a multiplayer game where competing against an opponent was much more fun but not as strong as the similar Combat (1977). He noted that the graphics were simplistic but typical for an Atari 2600 title then.[23] A review in Game Informer said that Outlaw was generally fun with the single-player mode becoming dull quickly, while the two-player games had a "simplistic appeal that's hard to deny."[24]

See also

References

  1. ^ Lapetino 2016, p. 87.
  2. ^ a b c d Weiss 2007, p. 87.
  3. ^ Montfort 2006.
  4. ^ a b Garrett 2009, p. 7.
  5. ^ Saucier 2024.
  6. ^ a b c Atari 1978.
  7. ^ Hunt 2010, p. 88.
  8. ^ Donovan 2011.
  9. ^ a b c d Bunch 2023, p. 148.
  10. ^ Bunch 2023, p. 150.
  11. ^ a b c d Latimer 2005, p. 30.
  12. ^ Bunch 2023, p. 152-153.
  13. ^ Bunch 2023, p. 151.
  14. ^ Bunch 2023, p. 112.
  15. ^ Harris 2004.
  16. ^ Machkovech 2022.
  17. ^ Harris 2010.
  18. ^ "Atari's Greatest Hits". MetaCritic. Archived from the original on January 27, 2023. Retrieved January 27, 2023.
  19. ^ Atari 2023.
  20. ^ a b Atari SA.
  21. ^ Handley 2023.
  22. ^ Yarwood 2023.
  23. ^ a b Weiss.
  24. ^ a b McNamara 2005, p. 150.
  25. ^ Ahl 1978, p. 39.
  26. ^ a b Thompson 1980, p. 35.
  27. ^ Bunch 2023, p. 152.

Notes

  1. ^ Known as Gunslinger for the Sears release of the Atari VCS
  2. ^ The system became known as the Atari 2600 only after the release of the Atari 5200 in 1982.[3]

Sources

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