NGC 1309

NGC 1309
A top-down view of a spiral galaxy, showing its brightly shining centre, its broad spiral arms and the faint halo around its disc, as well as distant galaxies and stars on a dark background. Large blue clouds of gas speckled with small stars and strands of dark dust swirl around the galaxy’s disc. A couple of the background galaxies are large enough that their own swirling spiral arms can be seen.
NGC 1309 imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationEridanus
Right ascension03h 22m 06.5966s [1]
Declination−15° 23′ 59.882″ [1]
Redshift0.007125[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity2136 ± 4 km/s[1]
Distance120 Mly (36 Mpc) [2]
Group or clusterNGC 1309 Group (LGG 92)
Apparent magnitude (V)12.0 [1]
Characteristics
TypeSA(s)bc [1]
Size~66,700 ly (20.46 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Apparent size (V)2.2 x 2.0 arcmin[1]
Other designations
IRAS 03197-1534, MCG -03-09-028, PGC 12626[1]

NGC 1309 is a spiral galaxy located approximately 120 million light-years away, appearing in the constellation Eridanus. It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 3 October 1785.[3][4]

NGC 1309 is about 75,000 light-years across, and is about 3/4s the width of the Milky Way. Its shape is classified as SA(s)bc, meaning that it has moderately wound spiral arms and no ring. Bright blue areas of star formation can be seen in the spiral arms, while the yellowish central nucleus contains older-population stars. NGC 1309 is one of over 200 members of the Eridanus Group of galaxies.[5]

NGC 1309 group

NGC 1309 is the brightest member of a trio of galaxies named after it. The other two galaxies in the NGC 1309 group (also known as LGG 92) are MCG -03-09-027 and UGCA 71.[6]

Supernovae

Two supernovae have been observed in NGC 1309:

  • SN 2002fk (Type Ia, mag. 15) was discovered jointly by Reiki Kushida of the Yatsugatake South Base Observatory, Nagano Prefecture, Japan; and Jun-jie Wang and Yu-Lei Qiu of the Beijing Astronomical Observatory on 17 Sept 2002.[7][8] It was estimated to have reached maximum magnitude of ~13.0 before fading away. SN 2002fk's spectra showed no indications of hydrogen, helium or carbon; instead ionized calcium, silicon, iron and nickel were found.[9]
SN 2012Z imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope[10]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for object NGC 1309. Retrieved 8 Dec 2008.
  2. ^ Riess, Adam (Jul 2007). "The Final SHOE; Completing a Rich Cepheid Field in NGC 1309". Hubble Space Telescope Proposal ID #11329 (Cycle 16): 11329. Bibcode:2007hst..prop11329R.
  3. ^ Herschel, W. (1789). "Catalogue of a Second Thousand of New Nebulae and Clusters of Stars; with a Few Introductory Remarks on the Construction of the Heavens". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 79: 212–255. Bibcode:1789RSPT...79..212H. doi:10.1098/rstl.1789.0021.
  4. ^ Seligman, Courtney. "New General Catalogue Objects: NGC 1309". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  5. ^ "Hubble Snaps Images of a Pinwheel-Shaped Galaxy". News Release: STScI-2006-07. NASA. Retrieved 8 Dec 2008.
  6. ^ Garcia, A. M. (1993). "General study of group membership. II. Determination of nearby groups". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 100: 47. Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G.
  7. ^ Kushida, R.; Nakano, S.; Wang, J.; Qiu, Y. L.; Kushida, Y. (2002). "Supernova 2002fk in NGC 1309". International Astronomical Union Circular (7973): 2. Bibcode:2002IAUC.7973....2K.
  8. ^ "SN 2002fk". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 24 July 2025.
  9. ^ Marion, G.H.; et al. (Jul 2003). "Near-Infrared Spectra of Type Ia Supernovae". The Astrophysical Journal. 591 (1): 316–333. arXiv:astro-ph/0306470. Bibcode:2003ApJ...591..316M. doi:10.1086/375290. S2CID 17925961.
  10. ^ "Supernova 2012Z in spiral galaxy NGC 1309, annotated". ESA/Hubble Press Release. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
  11. ^ Cenko, S. B.; Li, W.; Filippenko, A. V.; Brimacombe, J.; Meyer, S.; Emig, K.; Kaleida, C.; Mamajek, E. E.; Cohen, D. P.; Silverman, J. M.; Ganeshalingam, M. (2012). "Supernova 2012Z in NGC 1309 = PSN J03220535-1523156". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams (3014): 1. Bibcode:2012CBET.3014....1C.
  12. ^ "SN 2012Z". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 24 July 2025.
  13. ^ "The Star that Survived a Supernova". lco.global. Retrieved 2022-06-22.
  14. ^ McCully, Curtis; Jha, Saurabh W.; Scalzo, Richard A.; Howell, D. Andrew; Foley, Ryan J.; Zeng, Yaotian; Liu, Zheng-Wei; Hosseinzadeh, Griffin; Bildsten, Lars; Riess, Adam G.; Kirshner, Robert P. (2022-02-01). "Still Brighter than Pre-explosion, SN 2012Z Did Not Disappear: Comparing Hubble Space Telescope Observations a Decade Apart". The Astrophysical Journal. 925 (2): 138. arXiv:2106.04602. Bibcode:2022ApJ...925..138M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac3bbd. ISSN 0004-637X.
  • Media related to NGC 1309 at Wikimedia Commons
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