Mohyliv-Podilskyi

This article is about the city in Ukraine. For the city in Belarus, see Mogilev.
Mohyliv-Podilskyi
Могилів-Подільський
City
  • Top to bottom, left to right: Dniester River and border with Moldova
  • Saint George's Church
  • Friendship Bridge to Otaci
  • Dormition Church
  • Central Park of Culture and Recreation
Flag of Mohyliv-Podilskyi
Flag
Coat of arms of Mohyliv-Podilskyi
Coat of arms
Mohyliv-Podilskyi is located in Vinnytsia Oblast
Mohyliv-Podilskyi
Mohyliv-Podilskyi
Location in Ukraine
Mohyliv-Podilskyi is located in Ukraine
Mohyliv-Podilskyi
Mohyliv-Podilskyi
Mohyliv-Podilskyi (Ukraine)
Coordinates: 48°27′0″N 27°47′0″E / 48.45000°N 27.78333°E / 48.45000; 27.78333
Country Ukraine
OblastVinnytsia Oblast
RaionMohyliv-Podilskyi Raion
HromadaMohyliv-Podilskyi urban hromada
Founded1595
Magdeburg rights1743
City status1796
Government
 • MayorPetro Brovko
Area
 • Total
21.63 km2 (8.35 sq mi)
Elevation
79 m (259 ft)
Population
 (2022)[1]
 • Total
29,925
 • Density1,400/km2 (3,600/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
24000-24004
Area code+380-4337
Websitempmr.gov.ua

Mohyliv-Podilskyi (Ukrainian: Могилів-Подільський, IPA: [moɦɪˈl⁽ʲ⁾iu̯ poˈd⁽ʲ⁾ilʲsʲkɪj] ⓘ) is a city in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Mohyliv-Podilskyi Raion within the oblast. It is located in the historic region of Podolia, on the border with Bessarabia, Moldova, along the left bank of the Dniester River. On the opposite side of the river lies the Moldovan town of Otaci, and the two municipalities are connected to each other by a bridge. Population: 29,925 (2022 estimate).[1]

Name

In addition to the Ukrainian Могилів-Подільський (Mohyliv-Podilskyi), in other languages the name of the city is Polish: Mohylów Podolski, Romanian: Moghilău/Movilău and Yiddish: מאָהילעװ, romanized: Mohilev.

History

Historical affiliations

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1595–1672
Ottoman Empire 1672–1699
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1699–1793
Russian Empire 1793–1917
Ukraine Ukrainian People's Republic and Ukrainian State 1917-1920
Soviet Ukraine 1920–1922
Soviet Union 1922–1941
Kingdom of Romania 1941–1944
Soviet Union 1944–1991
Ukraine 1991–present

Polish period

The first mention of the town dates from 1595. The owner of the town, Moldavian hospodar Ieremia Movilă (from which the name Mohyliv, Moghilău/Movilău in Romanian) bestowed it as a dowry gift to his daughter, who married into the Potocki family of Polish nobility. At that time, the groom named the town Movilău in honor of his father-in-law. In the first quarter of the 17th century, Mohyliv became one of the largest towns in Podolia. It was part of the Podolian Voivodeship of the Lesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown. It was a multi-ethnic border town whose population included Poles, Greeks, Armenians, Serbs, Vlachs and Bosniaks.[2] In the 18th century the main churches of the town were built: the Polish-Armenian Church of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Greek St. Nicholas Church.[3] Polish rule was interrupted by Ottoman rule as part of Podolia Eyalet. During Ottoman rule, it was nahiya centre of Kamaniçe sanjak as Mıhaylov.[4]

Russian period

Interior of the Polish Church of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary prior to 1937 demolition

The town was annexed by Russia after the 1793 Second Partition of Poland. After the restoration of Polish independence, Mohyliv was briefly captured by the Poles under the command of General Franciszek Krajowski in 1919, but it ultimately fell to the Soviet Union. In 1937, during the Polish Operation of the NKVD, the Soviets destroyed the Polish Church of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

Romanian period

Mohyliv-Podilskyi was occupied by Romanian and German troops in July 1941 and incorporated into the Romanian-ruled Transnistria Governorate. Soon thereafter, thousands of Jews in the town were murdered by the occupiers. Mohyliv-Podilskyi soon became a transit camp for Jews expelled from Bessarabia and Bukovina to Transnistria. From September 1941 to February 1942 more than 55,000 deportees came through the town. Thousands of people were jammed into the transit camp and treated cruelly by the Romanian guards. Many Jews were not allowed to stay in Mohyliv-Podilskyi; thousands were forced to travel by foot to nearby villages and towns. Some convoys were sent to the Pechora concentration camp. The 15,000 who were initially permitted to stay in the town organized themselves into groups. Some 2,000—3,000 were given residence permits, while the rest lived in constant fear of being deported into the Transnistrian interior for forced labor.

In the winter of 1941-1942, 3,410 Jews who lived in Mogilev-Podilskyi died of typhus (almost half of those infected), out of an authorized Jewish population of 12,276, according to Siegfried Jagendorf, the leader of the Jewish community of Mohyliv-Podilskyi during most of the 1941-1944 period.[5][6] On January 31, 1943, there were 15,000 Jews in Mogilev-Podilskyi, including 12,000 deportees and 3,000 local, Ukrainian Jews, according to Fred Sharaga of the Aid Committee of the Central Jewish Office of Romania, who visited the Mogilev-Podilsky ghetto.[7] The number of local Ukrainian Jews in Mohyliv-Podilskyi had been 3,733 in the fall of 1941.[8] The same number, 3,733 local Jews, is listed in a Romanian gendarmerie report from December 1941.[9] According to the Yad Vashem database, 407 Jews who had lived in Mohyliv-Podilskyi before the war whose names are available died in the city because of the Holocaust; many had been killed by the German troops before the arrival of the Romanian administration.[10] The local Jews were, according to a Jewish doctor deported to Mohyliv-Podilskyi who treated many cases of typhus, the local Jews had a much lower mortality rate because typhus was endemic in (most of) Transnistria.[11]

About 3,000 Jews who resided in Mohyliv-Podilskyi were sent in May-June 1942 to the nearby concentration camp in Skazinets, and about half of them died in there.[12] All of the 560 Jews who died in the Skazinets concentration camp in the summer and early fall of 1942 after being deported there in late May and early June 1942 whose names appear in the Yad Vashem database had been sent there from Mohyliv-Podilskyi.[13][14] Among the Jews who died in the Pechora concentration camp in 1942-1943, 752 had lived in Mogilev-Podolski before World War II according to the Yad Vashem database, which lists their names. [15] The Jews who had been deported from Romania who died in the Pechora concentration camp in 1942-1943 had originally lived in Mohyliv-Podilskyi until October 12 - November 8, 1942, when they were sent to Pechora; 479 of these dead Jews listed in the Yad Vashem database had lived in Romania before the war;[16] Among these, 245 had lived in Bukovina[17] and 121 had lived in Bessarabia[18]. Moreover, 71 had lived in Dorohoi and the neighboring villages[19], `10 from Darabani and the neighboring villages[20], 10 from Mihaileni and the neighboring villages[21], 35 from Saveni and neighboring villages[22] and 9 from Hertsa and neighboring villages[23]; all of these people had lived in Dorohoi County in Romania, which administratively became a part of Bukovina in 1941. Between October 1942 and May 1943, 1,250 Jews from the Pechora concentration camp, where the living conditions were horrible, were handed over to the German Nazis, who killed them elsewhere.[24] If one excludes those Jews who escaped from the Pechora concentration camp, only 28 of the 3,000 Jews sent there from Mohyliv-Podilskyi to the Pechora concentration camp between October 12 and November 8, 1942, were still alive.[25][26] According to a memo of the former president of the Jewish Committee of Moghilev-Podolski/Mohyliv-Podilskyi, M. Katz, about 20% of those sent to the Pechora concentration camp escaped from there.[27] Moreover, on March 15, 1943, 220 Jews from the Pechora concentration camp were sent to a farm at Rahni.[28]

Overall, 8,761 Jews who had lived in Mohyliv-Podilskyi and its environs before the war or were deported there died in the Holocaust in the city and its environs according to the Yad Vashem database (though this excludes the almost 4,000 Jews who perished in the Skazinets and Pechora concentration camps sent there from Mohyliv-Podilskyi), and about 15,000 survived.[29] Among the Jews who died in Mohyliv-Podilskyi, 3,950 had been deported there from Bukovina according to the Yad Vashem database, which includes their names[30], while 430 had been deported from Bessarabia[31]. Moreover, 570 of the dead had lived in Dorohoi and nearby localities before the war[32], including 123 who came from Darabani and nearby villages [33], 79 who came from Mihaileni and nearby villages[34], 118 who came from Saveni and neighboring villages[35], and 74 who came from Hertsa and neighboring villages.[36] Among the dead whose names are listed by Yad Vashem, 1,230 came from Chernivtsi, the capital of Bukovina[37], while 436 came from Radauti.[38]

In December 1943 over 3,000 Jews were allowed to return to Romania, and in March 1944, Jewish leaders in Bucharest got permission to bring back 1,400 orphans. Mohyliv-Podilskyi was liberated that month; many Jewish men were immediately drafted by the Soviet army. Many who stayed in the city were killed by German bombs. Most of the deportees were allowed to return to Romania in the spring of 1945.

Ukrainian period

Mohyliv-Podilskyi has been part of Ukraine since August 24, 1991.

On November 10, 2016, in Mohyliv-Podilskyi, a memorial to the heroes of border guards who died in 1941 was opened.[39]

Population

Language

Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census:[40]

Language Percentage
Ukrainian 92.25%
Russian 7.06%
other/undecided 0.69%

Geography

The city is located in the southwest of the Vinnytsia region in the ravine formed by the Dniester River and other ravines (Karpivskyi yar), which are formed by the rivers that enter the Dniester basin (Derlo, Nemia, etc.). During the period of snow melting and after rains, temporary drains flow along the bottoms of the beams and the slopes of the ravines.

The average height above sea level is 80 m.

Climate

Climate data for Mohyliv-Podilskyi (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1.1
(34.0) 		2.9
(37.2) 		8.7
(47.7) 		16.4
(61.5) 		23.0
(73.4) 		25.8
(78.4) 		27.8
(82.0) 		27.4
(81.3) 		21.8
(71.2) 		15.5
(59.9) 		7.4
(45.3) 		2.1
(35.8) 		15.0
(59.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.3
(27.9) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		3.4
(38.1) 		10.0
(50.0) 		16.0
(60.8) 		19.0
(66.2) 		20.9
(69.6) 		20.0
(68.0) 		14.9
(58.8) 		9.3
(48.7) 		3.6
(38.5) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		9.4
(48.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −5.6
(21.9) 		−4.8
(23.4) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		4.4
(39.9) 		9.2
(48.6) 		12.7
(54.9) 		14.6
(58.3) 		13.6
(56.5) 		9.3
(48.7) 		4.6
(40.3) 		0.4
(32.7) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		4.5
(40.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 29.0
(1.14) 		28.1
(1.11) 		27.7
(1.09) 		45.3
(1.78) 		64.2
(2.53) 		86.7
(3.41) 		97.1
(3.82) 		57.4
(2.26) 		55.4
(2.18) 		33.5
(1.32) 		39.3
(1.55) 		32.7
(1.29) 		596.4
(23.48)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 6.1 6.6 6.0 7.7 8.6 9.0 9.3 7.0 6.4 5.7 6.4 7.1 85.9
Average relative humidity (%) 80.4 77.8 71.6 66.4 66.8 71.3 72.2 72.3 75.4 78.1 81.4 82.2 74.7
Source: NOAA[41]

Economy

Now working in the city:

  • Mohyliv-Podilsky Machine-Building Plant;
  • metalworking plants;
  • light and food industry enterprises, etc.

Notable people

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine

Twin towns — sister cities

Mohyliv-Podilskyi is twinned with:

References

  1. ^ a b Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  2. ^ Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland, vol. 6, p. 613-614
  3. ^ Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland, vol. 6, p. 614
  4. ^ "The Eyalet of Kamanice". Archived from the original on 2016-04-09. Retrieved 2020-11-25.
  5. ^ Jean Ancel, Transnistria (Bucuresti: Atlas, 1998), vol. 3 (in Romanian), p. 43.
  6. ^ Siegfried Jagendorf, Jagendorf's Foundry: A Memoir of the Romanian Holocaust, 1941-1944, Edited with Commentary by Aron Hirth-Manheimer (New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1991), p. 69-70.
  7. ^ Radu Ioanid, The Holocaust in Romania: The Destruction of the Jews and Gypsies Under the Antonescu Regime (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2000), p. 220-22.
  8. ^ Jean Ancel, Transnistria (Bucuresti: Atlas, 1998), vol. 3 (in Romanian), p. 293.
  9. ^ Legiunea Jandarmi Moghilau ("The Moghilev Gendarme Legion"), Dare de Seama pe luna Decembrie 1941 ("Report for the month of December 1941"), in Centrul Pentru Studiul Istoriei Evreilor din Romania ("The Centre for the Study of the History of Romanian Jewry), Martiriul Evreilor din Romania, 1940-1944, Documente si Marturii ("The Martyrdom of the Jews in Romania, 1940-1944: Documents and Testimonies"), with a foreword by Dr. Moses Rosen (Bucuresti: Editura Hasefer, 1991), p. 183.
  10. ^ Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center (in Israel), at https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_permanent_search_en=Mogilev%20Podolski&t_place_permanent_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=Mogilev%20Podolski&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym
  11. ^ See, for example, Jean Ancel, Transnistria (Bucuresti: Atlas, 1998), vol. 3 (in Romanian), p. 39. The same pattern was also visible, for example, in Shargorod. See, for example, Jean Ancel, Transnistria (Bucuresti: Atlas, 1998), vol. 3 (in Romanian), p. 35.
  12. ^ Yitzak Arad, The Holocaust in the Soviet Union (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009), p. 302.
  13. ^ Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center (in Israel), at https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_death_search_en=Skazinets&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym
  14. ^ For more information on the deportations to Skazinets, see Siegfried Jagendorf, Jagendorf's Foundry: A Memoir of the Romanian Holocaust, 1941-1944, Edited with Commentary by Aron Hirth-Manheimer (New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1991), p. 67-77. Jagendorf estimated the number of the deportees at 3,000, but other sources provide the number 4,000. Jean Ancel estimates that half of the 4,000 people sent to Skazinets, where the living conditions were horrible, died in there. See, for example, Jean Ancel, Transnistria (Bucuresti: Atlas, 1998), vol. 3 (in Romanian), p. 43.
  15. ^ Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center (in Israel), at https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_permanent_search_en=Mogilev%20Podolski&t_place_permanent_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=Pechora&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym
  16. ^ Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center (in Israel), at https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_permanent_search_en=Romania&t_place_permanent_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=Pechora&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym
  17. ^ Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center (in Israel), at https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_permanent_search_en=Bukovina&t_place_permanent_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=Pechora&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym
  18. ^ Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center (in Israel), at https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_permanent_search_en=Bessarabia&t_place_permanent_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=Pechora&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym
  19. ^ Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center (in Israel), at https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_permanent_search_en=Dorohoi&t_place_permanent_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=Pechora&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym
  20. ^ Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center (in Israel), at https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_permanent_search_en=Darabani&t_place_permanent_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=Pechora&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym
  21. ^ Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center (in Israel), at https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_permanent_search_en=Mihaileni&t_place_permanent_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=Pechora&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym
  22. ^ Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center (in Israel), at https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_permanent_search_en=Saveni&t_place_permanent_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=Pechora&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym
  23. ^ Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center (in Israel), at https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_permanent_search_en=Herta&t_place_permanent_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=Pechora&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym
  24. ^ Julius S. Fisher, Transnistria, The Forgotten Cemetery (South Brunswick: Thomas Yoseloff, 1969), p. 111-112.
  25. ^ Siegfried Jagendorf, Jagendorf's Foundry: A Memoir of the Romanian Holocaust, 1941-1944, Edited with Commentary by Aron Hirt-Manheimer (New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1991), p. 28.
  26. ^ Radu Ioanid, The Holocaust in Romania: The Destruction of the Jews and Gypsies Under the Antonescu Regime (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2000), p. 217.
  27. ^ See. M. Katz, Extras dintr-un memoriu al Dlui M. Katz, fost presedinte al Comitetului Evreiesc din Moghilev ("Excerpt from a Memo of Mr. M. Katz, former president of the Moghilev Jewish Commitee"), in Centrul Pentru Studiul Istoriei Evreilor din Romania ("The Centre for the Study of the History of Romanian Jewry), Martiriul Evreilor din Romania, 1940-1944, Documente si Marturii ("The Martyrdom of the Jews in Romania, 1940-1944: Documents and Testimonies"), with a foreword by Dr. Moses Rosen (Bucuresti: Editura Hasefer, 1991), p. 226-227.
  28. ^ Radu Ioanid, The Holocaust in Romania: The Destruction of the Jews and Gypsies Under the Antonescu Regime (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2000), p. 221.
  29. ^ See Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center (in Israel), at https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_death_search_en=Mogilev-Podolski&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym.
  30. ^ Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center (in Israel), at https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_permanent_search_en=Bukovina&t_place_permanent_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=Mogilev-Podolski&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym
  31. ^ Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center (in Israel), at https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_permanent_search_en=Bessarabia&t_place_permanent_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=Mogilev-Podolski&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym
  32. ^ Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center (in Israel), at https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_permanent_search_en=Dorohoi&t_place_permanent_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=Mogilev-Podolski&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym
  33. ^ Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center (in Israel), at https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_permanent_search_en=Darabani&t_place_permanent_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=Mogilev-Podolski&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym
  34. ^ Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center (in Israel), at https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_permanent_search_en=Mihaileni&t_place_permanent_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=Mogilev-Podolski&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym
  35. ^ Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center (in Israel), at https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_permanent_search_en=Saveni&t_place_permanent_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=Mogilev-Podolski&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym
  36. ^ Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center (in Israel), at https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_permanent_search_en=Herta&t_place_permanent_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=Mogilev-Podolski&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym
  37. ^ Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center (in Israel), at https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_permanent_search_en=Chernivtsi&t_place_permanent_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=Mogilev-Podolski&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym
  38. ^ Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center (in Israel), at https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_permanent_search_en=Radauti&t_place_permanent_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=Mogilev-Podolski&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym
  39. ^ "У Могилеві-Подільському відкрили Меморіал пам'яті загиблим героям-прикордонникам". Archived from the original on 2018-08-29.
  40. ^ "Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України".
  41. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". National Centers for Environmental Information. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mohyliv-Podilskyi.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.