Mallorquín

Mallorquín
Conservation status
Other names
  • Cavall Mallorquí[3]
  • Caballo Mallorquín
  • Mallorquina
  • Pura Raza Mallorquina[4]: 259 
Country of originSpain
DistributionMallorca, Balearic Islands
StandardDirección General de Recursos Agrícolas y Ganadero (page 7, in Spanish)
Useriding horse
Traits
Height
  • 155–165 cm[5]: 483 
  • Male:
    average 162 cm[2]
  • Female:
    average 160 cm[2]
Colourblack[6]: 483 

The Mallorquín or Caballo Mallorquín, Catalan: Cavall Mallorquí, is a rare Spanish breed of horse indigenous to the island of Mallorca in the Balearic Islands, from which it takes its name. Identification of the breed was begun in 1981 by the Patronato para las Razas Autóctonas de Mallorca. The Mallorquín is listed in the Catálogo Oficial de Razas de Ganado de España in the group of autochthonous breeds in danger of extinction.[7]

History

The origins of the Mallorquín are obscure. The Mallorquín and Menorquín are genetically closer to each other and to the now-extinct Catalan breed – itself the result of introgression of populations with strong African genetic influence into an original population of Celtic horses introduced to the Iberian peninsula by the Celts in about the eighth century BC – than they are to the five "Atlantic" Celtic breeds of northern Spain, the Asturcón, Gallego, Jaca Navarra, Losino and Pottok.[8][9][10]

Identification of the breed was begun in 1981 by the Patronato para las Razas Autóctonas de Mallorca.[5]: 483  A stud-book was opened in 1988 by the Prefectura de Cría Caballar of the Spanish ministry of defence,[11] and a breed association – the Associació de Criadors i Propietaris de Cavalls de Raça Menorquina – was established in 1992.[5]: 482 [3] The official breed standard was approved in 2003.[11]

The Mallorquín is listed in the Catálogo Oficial de Razas de Ganado de España in the group of autochthonous breeds in danger of extinction.[7][12] Its status was listed as "critical-maintained" by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 2000 and in 2007.[13]: 401 [14] In about 2005 the number of Mallorquín horses recorded in the stud-book was 247, but a census conducted by the Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino in 2003 had identified only 172.[15] In 2010 a population of 146 was reported,[6]: 483  which by 2018 had risen to 320.[2]

Characteristics

The Mallorquín may only be black, in all its variations; horses of any other colour can not be registered. Limited white facial markings are permitted, white leg markings are not. The minimum permissible height is 1.52 m (15.0 h) for males and 1.48 m (14.2 h) for mares.[16]

Uses

The Mallorquín is used by the local population only as a riding horse; farm work in the islands was traditionally done by the Balearic donkey.[17] Mares were traditionally bred to imported stallions, usually of French Trotter or Orlov Trotter breed, to produce Trotador Español (' Spanish Trotter') horses. Approximately 85% of the Spanish Trotter population is in Mallorca; however, genetic study has found little recent influence of the Mallorquín on the Spanish Trotter breed.[15] Mallorquín mares were also much used in the production of mules.[5]: 483 

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mallorquin horses.
  1. ^ Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to: The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Archived 23 June 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d Breed data sheet: Cavall Mallorquí / Spain (Horse). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed July 2025.
  3. ^ a b Races autòctones de les Illes Balears: Cavall menorquí (in Catalan). Govern de las Illes Balears: Institut de Recerca i Formació Agroalimentària i Pesquera de les Illes Balears. Archivedd 31 July 2025.
  4. ^ Estudio y caracterizacion del sectór equino en España (in Spanish). Ministerio de Agrícultura, Pesca y Alimentacíon. Archived 3 May 2025.
  5. ^ a b c d Miguel Fernández Rodríguez, Mariano Gómez Fernández, Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo, Silvia Adán Belmonte, Miguel Jiménez Cabras (editors) (2009). Guía de campo de las razas autóctonas españolas (in Spanish). Madrid: Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. ISBN 9788449109461.
  6. ^ a b Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780647944.
  7. ^ a b Ganaderia: Clasificación de Razas (in Spanish). Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. Archived 16 January 2011.
  8. ^ J.M. Martinez, M. Valera, A. Molina (1996). 'El caballo Losino'. Animal Genetic Resources Information. 19: 17–27. Cited by Cañon, not consulted.
  9. ^ S. Aran (1949). Caballos, mulos, asnos. Madrid: Gráficas Yagües. Cited by Cañon, not consulted.
  10. ^ J. Cañon, M.L. Checa, C. Carleos, J.L. Vega-Pla, M. Vallejo, S. Dunner (February 2000). The genetic structure of Spanish Celtic horse breeds inferred from microsatellite data. Animal Genetics. 31 (1): 39–48. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2052.2000.00591.x.
  11. ^ a b Razas Autóctonas de las Illes Balears: Caballo mallorquín (in Spanish). Govern de las Illes Balears: Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agroalimentaria y Pesquera de las Illes Balears. Archived 8 July 2025.
  12. ^ Raza equino caballar Mallorquina (in Spanish). Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. Accessed July 2019.
  13. ^ Beate Scherf (editor) (2000). World Watch List for Domestic Animal Diversity, third edition. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9251045119. Archived 24 November 2019.
  14. ^ Critical Breeds List 2007. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, annex to: The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Archived 23 June 2020.
  15. ^ a b Pedro Javier Azor, Mercedes Valera, María Dolores Gómez, Félix Goyache, Antonio Molina (2007). Genetic characterization of the Spanish Trotter horse breed using microsatellite markers. Genetics and Molecular Biology. 30 (1): 37–42. doi:10.1590/s1415-47572007000100009.
  16. ^ Orden del Consejero de Agricultura y Pesca de, 12 de junio de 2003, por la que se establecen las normas zootecnicas del caballo de Pura Raza Mallorquina (in Spanish). Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. Archived 22 March 2012.
  17. ^ Traditions and fiestas. Consell Insular de Menorca. Archived 2 May 2003.


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