List of luminous blue variable stars

This is a list of luminous blue variable stars in order of their distance from Earth.[1][2][3]

List

Milky Way galaxy (confirmed LBVs)

Star system Nebula Median distance (ly) Stars in system Spectral type Apparent magnitude (V) Comments and references
P Cygni (34 Cygni) 5,251 1 B1-2 Ia-0ep 4.82 The closest luminous blue variable star to Earth
V4029 Sagittarii (HD 168607) 6,000 1 B9Ia+ 8.12 to 8.29 [4][5] near the Omega Nebula
V905 Scorpii (HD 160529) 6,100 1 LBV 6.66 [4][5]
Eta Carinae (Eta Argus) 7,500 2 O + B −1.0 to ~7.6 part of Trumpler 16 in the Carina Nebula
MWC 930 (V446 Scuti) 11,400 1 B5/9Iaeq 11.51 [4]
WRAY 16-137 12,400 1 LBV 15.5 [6][5]
W1-243 15,000 1 LBV 15.81 [4] in Westerlund 1
HR Carinae 16,000 2 LBV+RSG 8.42 [4][5]
V481 Scuti (LBV G24.73+0.69) 17,000 1 LBV_B[e]: [4]
AG Carinae 17,000 1 B 6.96
EM* VRMF 55 (MN44) 18,000 or 35,000 1 LBV 15 [6][7]
[GKF2010] MN48 20,000 1 15.83 [4][5]
GCIRS 34W (WR 101db) 25,000 1 Ofpe/WN9 [6][8] in the Galactic Center
Pistol Star (V4647 Sgr) 25,114 1 B >28 part of the Quintuplet Cluster
LBV G0.120-0.048 (V4998 Sgr) 26,000 1 WN5b [6] near the Quintuplet Cluster
FMM 362 (V4650 Sgr) 26,000 1 LBV [6] near the Quintuplet Cluster
AFGL 2298 (V1672 Aql) 30,000 1 B8I [6]
V432 Carinae (Wray 15-751) 33,000 1 LBV 10.20 Also known as AT 2019ooa[4][5]
[GKM2012] WS1 39,000 1 LBV 15.31 [4][5]
[GKF2010] MN58 1 [6]

Milky Way galaxy (candidate LBVs)

Star system Nebula Median distance (ly) Stars in system Spectral type Apparent magnitude (V) Comments and references
HD 148937 3,870 1 O6f?p 6.71 [6] central star of NGC 6164
MWC 349A (V1478 Cygni) 4,560 2–3 B0-1.5 I + B0 III 13.15 [6] maybe ejected from Cygnus OB2
HD 326823 4,700 1 WNpec 9.03 [4][5]
HD 168625 5,000 1 B6Ia+ 8.30–8.41 [4][5] near the Omega Nebula
Cygnus OB2-12 5,500 1 B3–4 Ia+ 11.702 [4][5] in Cygnus OB2
AS 314 5,600 1 B9Ia 9.85 [6]
Zeta1 Scorpii 5,600 1 B1.5 Iae 4.705 [4][5]
G79.29+0.46 5,700 1 B:I[e] 15.1 [4][5] in Cygnus X
WRAY 16-232 6,850 1 Be 12.5 [6][5]
HD 80077 8,700 1 B2.5Ia+ 9.00 [4][5]
HD 316285 10,800 1 B0Ieq 9.60 [4][5]
MWC 314 (V1429 Aquilae) 15,000 3 B3Ibe 9.79 - 10.1 [4][5]
[SBW2007] 1 18,500 1 B1Iab 12.7 [4][5]
Sher 25 21,000 1 cLBV 12.23 [4][5] in NGC 3603
W51 LS1 (V1936 Aquilae) 22,000 1 O4I 15.1 [4][5]
WRAY 17-96 22,000 1 cLBV ~13.0 [4][5]
[B61] 2 22,000 1 LBV_B[e]: 15.00 [6][5]
WR 102ka 26,000 1 WN10 [6] near the Galactic Center
GCIRS 16SW 27,000 1 Ofpe/WN9 [6] in the Galactic Center
LBV 1806−20 28,000 1 cLBV [6] part of the 1806−20 cluster
Hen 3-519 28,000 1 WN11h 10.85 [4][5]
MSX6C G026.4700+00.0207 30,000 1 LBV_B [6][9]

Magellanic Clouds

The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is around 163 kly distant and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) is around 204 kly distant

Host galaxy Star system Stars in system Spectral type Apparent magnitude (V) Comments and references
LMC S Doradus 1 B8/9eq – F0/5:Iae 8.6 – 11.5
LMC HD 269858 (R127) 1 B 10.15
LMC HD 269006 (R71) 1 LBV 10.55 [6]
LMC HD 269216 (SK −69 75) 1 OBe 11.123 [6]
LMC HD 269582 (SK −69 142a) 1 WN10h 11.093 [6]
LMC HD 269662 (R110) 1 A0Ia 10.28 [6]
LMC HD 269700 (R116) 1 B1.5Iaeq 10.54 [6]
LMC R143 (CPD-69 463) 1 F7Ia 12.014 [6]
SMC HD 5980 (R14) 3 WN4+O7I: 11.31 [6]
SMC HD 6884 (R40) 1 B9Ia0ek 10.2 [6]

Andromeda Galaxy and Triangulum Galaxy

The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) is 2.5 Mly distant and the Triangulum Galaxy is around 3.2 Mly distant

Host galaxy Star system Stars in system Spectral type Apparent magnitude (V) Comments and references
Andromeda LGGS J004051.59+403303.0 1 LBV 16.989 [6]
Andromeda AE Andromedae (HV 4476) 1 LBV 17.0–17.9 [6]
Andromeda AF Andromedae (HV 4013) 1 LBV 17.325 [6]
Andromeda Var 15 ([WB92a] 370) 1 LBV 18.450 [6]
Andromeda Var A-1 1 LBV 17.143 [6]
Andromeda UCAC4 660-003111 1 LBV 16.39 [6]
Triangulum Var C 1 LBV 16.429 [6]
Triangulum Var B 1 LBV 16.208 [6]
Triangulum Var 83 1 LBV 15.4–16.6 [6]
Triangulum Var 2 (Y Trianguli) 1 Ofpe/WN9 18.22 [6]
Triangulum Romano’s Star (M33 V0532) 1 Ofpe/WN9 16.5–18.8 [6]

Single LBV Galaxies

Host Galaxy Star system Median distance (ly) Stars in system Spectral type Apparent magnitude (V) Comments and references
NGC 3109 AT 2018akx 4,350,000 1 LBV 17.5 - 19.28 [10]
NGC 2403 AT 2016ccd 9,650,000 1 LBV 18.0 - 19.95 Also known as SNhunt225.[11][12]
NGC 4214 SN 2010U 9,700,000 1 LBV 16 [13]
NGC 2363 NGC 2363-V1 10,800,000 1 LBV 17.88 One of the most luminous stars known.
NGC 45 AT 2018htr 21,700,000 1 LBV 17.469 [14]
NGC 2537 AT 2017be 27,900,000 1 LBV 18.349 - 18.5 Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[15]
NGC 4559 AT 2016blu 29,000,000 1 LBV 15.9 – 19 Repeated outbursts have been observed since January 2012.[16][17]
NGC 7286 AT 2019mil 32,400,000 1 LBV 19 Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[18]
UGC 5829 AT 2021blu 43,500,000 1 LBV 18.17 - 21.62 Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[19]
NGC 4656 Variable in NGC 4656 43,700,000 1 LBV 18 Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[20]
NGC 4389 AT 2022fnm 44,700,000 1 LBV 18.495 - 17.855 Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[21]
ESO 249- G 015 AT 2020agp 47,500,000 1 LBV 18.463 Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[22]
NGC 908 AT 2021ablz 56,000,000 1 LBV 20.58 [23]
UGC 5979 SN 2007sv 58,270,000 1 LBV 17.4 Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[24][25]
IC 5267A AT 2019oet 60,000,000 1 LBV 18.335 Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[26]
NGC 2748 PSN J09132750+7627410 61,300,000 1 LBV 18.3 [27]
NGC 3423 AT 2019ahd 65,600,000 1 LBV 17.83 - 18.73 Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[28]
NGC 1385 AT 2020pju 66,400,000 1 LBV 17.3 - 19.73 [29]
NGC 718 AT 2019udc 69,800,000 1 LBV 17.53 - 19.09 Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[30]
NGC 5334 SN 2003gm 80,196,000 1 LBV 17.0 Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[31]
SDSS J094838.45+332529.1 AT 2020jev 80,200,000 1 LBV 18.74 - 20.33 Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[32]
NGC 6509 PSN J17592296+0617267 95,300,000 1 LBV 18.5 [33]
NGC 4045 AT 2019wbg 111,500,000 1 LBV 17.7 -19.39 Repeated outbursts observed since discovery. Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[34]
NGC 4532 AT 2017des 112,800,000 1 LBV 18.817 - 19.85 Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[35][36]
ESO 602- G 015 AT 2022rmk 113,200,000 1 LBV 19.472 - 20.04 Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[37]
UGC 9113 AT 2017dau 162,100,000 1 LBV 19.32 - 21.32 Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[38]
MCG +07-07-070 AT 2018kle 180,200,000 1 LBV 18.797 - 18.91 Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[39]
UGC 449 AT 2022oku 239,100,000 1 LBV 18.781 - 19.49 Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[40]
WISEA J010803.49+010843.7 AT 2020zmn 262,600,000 1 LBV 20.31 - 20.85 Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[41]

See also

References

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  2. ^ Barry, Don C. (January 1970), "Spectral Classification of a and F Stars", Astrophysical Journal Supplement, 19: 281, Bibcode:1970ApJS...19..281B, doi:10.1086/190209.
  3. ^ Frost, E. B. (December 1924), "Fourteen spectroscopic binaries", Astrophysical Journal, 60: 319–320, Bibcode:1924ApJ....60..319F, doi:10.1086/142868.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Smith, Nathan; Aghakhanloo, Mojgan; Murphy, Jeremiah W.; Drout, Maria R.; Stassun, Keivan G.; Groh, Jose H. (2019). "On the Gaia DR2 distances for Galactic luminous blue variables". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 488 (2): 1760–1778. arXiv:1805.03298. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.488.1760S. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1712. S2CID 119267371.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e).
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  7. ^ Gvaramadze, V. V.; Kniazev, A. Y.; Berdnikov, L. N. (2015-12-01). "Discovery of a new bona fide luminous blue variable in Norma". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 454 (4): 3710–3721. arXiv:1509.08931. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.454.3710G. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2278. ISSN 0035-8711.
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  9. ^ Hou, L. G.; Gao, X. Y. (2014-02-01). "A statistical study of gaseous environment of Spitzer interstellar bubbles". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 438 (1): 426–437. arXiv:1311.4943. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.438..426H. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt2212. ISSN 0035-8711.
  10. ^ "AT 2018akx". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  11. ^ Bishop, David (9 November 2021). "LBV AT2016ccd in NGC 2403". Rochester Astronomy. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  12. ^ "AT 2016ccd". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  13. ^ Green, Daniel W. E. (7 February 2010). "Electronic Telegram No. 2163". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  14. ^ "AT 2018htr". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  15. ^ "AT 2017be". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  16. ^ Bishop, David (6 July 2021). "LBV 2016blu in NGC 4559". rochesterastronomy.org. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  17. ^ Aghakhanloo, Mojgan; Smith, Nathan; Milne, Peter; Andrews, Jennifer E.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Jencson, Jacob E.; Lau, Ryan M.; Sand, David J.; Wyatt, Samuel; Zheng, WeiKang (2022). "Recurring outbursts of the supernova impostor AT 2016blu in NGC 4559". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 526 (1): 456. arXiv:2212.09708. Bibcode:2023MNRAS.526..456A. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2702.
  18. ^ "AT 2019mil". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  19. ^ "AT 2021blu". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  20. ^ Green, Daniel W. E. (24 March 2005). "Circular No. 8498". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  21. ^ "AT 2022fnm". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
  22. ^ "AT 2020agp". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  23. ^ "AT 2021ablz". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
  24. ^ "2007sv". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  25. ^ Tartaglia, L.; Pastorello, A.; Taubenberger, S.; Cappellaro, E.; Maund, J. R.; Benetti, S.; Boles, T.; Bufano, F.; Duszanowicz, G.; Elias-Rosa, N.; Harutyunyan, A.; Hermansson, L.; Höflich, P.; Maguire, K.; Navasardyan, H.; Smartt, S. J.; Taddia, F.; Turatto, M. (2015). "Interacting supernovae and supernova impostors. SN 2007sv: The major eruption of a massive star in UGC 5979". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 447 (1): 117. arXiv:1406.2120. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.447..117T. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2384.
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  27. ^ Fox, Derek (12 February 2015). "Asiago spectroscopic observation of PSN J09132750+7627410". The Astronomer's Telegram. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  28. ^ "AT 2019ahd". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  29. ^ "AT 2020pju". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
  30. ^ "AT 2019udc". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  31. ^ "SN 2003gm". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 23 November 2024.
  32. ^ "AT 2020jev". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  33. ^ Green, Daniel W. E. (June 30, 2011). "Electronic Telegram No. 2754". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
  34. ^ "AT 2022rmk". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
  35. ^ "AT 2017des". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  36. ^ "Astronote 2022-36". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  37. ^ "AT 2022rmk". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
  38. ^ "AT 2017dau". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  39. ^ "AT 2018kle". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  40. ^ "AT 2022oku". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
  41. ^ "AT 2020zmn". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
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