List of Oenothera species

Subdivisions of the genus Oenothera in the Onagraceae (evening primrose) family:[1][2][3]

Section Anogra

Oenothera sect. Angora (Spach) W.L.Wagner & Hoch – western North America in dry, sandy soils in deserts, grasslands, and forest openings, up to 2000 m. elevation.[2]

  • Oenothera arizonica (Munz) W.L.Wagner – California evening primrose (Arizona & Mexico)[4]
  • Oenothera californica (S.Watson) S.Watson – California evening primrose
    • O. californica ssp. avita W.M.Klein
    • O. californica ssp. californica
    • O. californica ssp. eurekensis (Munz & J.C.Roos) W.M.Klein – Eureka Dunes evening primrose
  • Oenothera deltoides Torr. & Frém. – birdcage evening primrose
    • O. deltoides ssp. ambigua (Munz) W.M.Klein
    • O. deltoides ssp. cognata (Jeps.) W.M.Klein
    • O. deltoides ssp. deltoides
    • O. deltoides ssp. howellii (Munz) W.M.Klein - Antioch Dunes evening primrose
    • O. deltoides ssp. piperi (Munz) W.M.Klein
  • Oenothera engelmannii (Small) Munz – Engelmann's evening primrose (south-central U.S.)[5]
  • Oenothera neomexicana (Small) Munz – New Mexico evening primrose (Arizona, New Mexico)[6]
  • Oenothera nuttallii Sweet – Nuttall's evening primrose (central North America)[7]
  • Oenothera pallida Lindl. – pale evening primrose, white buttercup (western North America)[8]
    • O. pallida ssp. gypsophila (Eastw.) Munz & W.M.Klein – whitepole evening primrose[9]
    • O. pallida ssp. pallida
    • O. pallida ssp. runcinata (Engelm.) Munz & W.M.Klein
    • O. pallida ssp. trichocalyx (Nutt.) Munz & W.M.Klein
  • Oenothera wigginsii W.M.Klein – (Baja California in Mexico)[10]

Section Calylophus

Oenothera sect. Calylophus (Spach) W. L. Wagner & Hoch – in North American Great Plains and south to central Mexico.

subsect. Calylophus

subsect. Salpingia

  • Oenothera hartwegii Benth. – Hartweg's sundrops[13]
    • O. hartwegii ssp. fendleri (A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
    • O. hartwegii ssp. filifolia (Eastw.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
    • O. hartwegii ssp. hartwegii
    • O. hartwegii ssp. maccartii (Shinners) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
    • O. hartwegii ssp. pubescens (A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
  • Oenothera lavandulifolia Torr. & A.Gray – lavenderleaf sundrops[14]
  • Oenothera toumeyi (A.Gray) Tidestr. – Toumey's sundrops[15]
  • Oenothera tubicula A.Gray – Texas sundrops[16]
    • O. tubicula ssp. strigulosa (Towner) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
    • O. tubicula ssp. tubicula

Section Contortae

Oenothera sect. Contortae W.L.Wagner – Sierra Nevadas of California, extending just into western Nevada.[17]

Section Eremia

Oenothera sect. Eremia W.L.Wagner – western North America, with a distribution in the Chihuahuan, Mojave, and Sonoran deserts.[18]

  • Oenothera primiveris A.Gray – desert evening primrose
    • O. primiveris ssp. bufonis (M.E. Jones) Munz – large yellow desert primrose[19]
    • O. primiveris ssp. primiveris

Section Gaura

Oenothera sect. Gaura (L.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch – beeblossom (includes most of the taxa formerly placed in genus Gaura)[20][21]

subsect. Campogaura

  • Oenothera boquillensis (P.H.Raven & D.P.Greg.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch – Rio Grande beeblossom (Texas & Mexico)
  • Oenothera suffrutescens (Ser.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch – scarlet beeblossom (western North America)

subsect. Gaura

  • Oenothera coloradensis (Rydb.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch (Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico)
    • O. coloradensis ssp. coloradensis – Colorado beeblossom or butterfly plant
    • O. coloradensis ssp. neomexicana (Wooton) W.L.Wagner & Hoch – New Mexico beeblossom
  • Oenothera demareei (P.H.Raven & D.P.Greg.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch – Demaree's beeblossom
  • Oenothera filiformis (Small) W.L.Wagner & Hoch – biennial gaura[22]
  • Oenothera gaura W.L.Wagner & Hoch – (eastern North America, from Ontario to South Carolina and Minnesota to Missouri)
  • Oenothera hexandra (Ortega) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
    • O. hexandra ssp. gracilis (Wooton & Standl.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
    • O. hexandra ssp. hexandra
  • Oenothera lindheimeri (Engelm. & A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
  • Oenothera patriciae W.L.Wagner & Hoch[3]
  • Oenothera simulans (Small) W.L.Wagner & Hoch[3]
  • Oenothera suffulta (Engelmann) W.L.Wagner & Hoch[3]
    • O. suffulta ssp. suffulta
    • O. suffulta ssp. nealleyi (J. M. Coulter) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
  • Oenothera triangulata (Buckley) W.L.Wagner & Hoch[3]

subsect. Gauridium

  • Oenothera anomala Curtis – anomalous Oenothera (Mexico)[2][3]

subsect. Schizocarya

subsect. Stenosiphon

subsect. Stipogaura

  • Oenothera calcicola (P.H.Raven & D.P.Gregory) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
  • Oenothera cinerea (Wooton & Standl.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch – gaura-pilosa[24]
    • O. cinerea ssp. cinerea
    • O. cinerea ssp. parksii (Munz) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
  • Oenothera filipes (Spach) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
  • Oenothera mckelveyae (Munz) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
  • Oenothera sinuosa W.L.Wagner & Hoch – wavy-leaf gaura[25]

subsect. Xenogaura

subsect. Xerogaura

  • Oenothera arida W.L.Wagner & Hoch – (Texas, Mexico)[2]

Section Gauropsis

Oenothera sect. Gauropsis (Torrey & Frémont) W.L.Wagner – Wyoming, western Nebraska, eastern Colorado, New Mexico, Kansas and the Texas Panhandle in the U.S. High Plains.[26]

  • Oenothera canescens Torr. & Frém. – spotted evening primrose[27]

Section Hartmannia

Oenothera sect. Hartmannia (Spach) W. L. Wagner & Hoch – Generally in Mexico, Arizona, and Texas. But O. speciosa extends into the U.S. Central Plains, and O. rosea extends to the Caribbean, and northern South America.[28]

  • Oenothera deserticola (Loes.) Munz – (Mexico)[29]
  • Oenothera platanorum P.H.Raven & D.R.Parn. – Fort Huachuca evening primrose[30]
  • Oenothera rosea L'Hér. ex Aiton – pink evening primrose, Rose of Mexico
  • Oenothera speciosa Nutt. – showy evening primrose, Mexican primrose, amapola
  • Oenothera texensis P.H.Raven & D.R.Parn. – Texas evening primrose[31]

Section Kleinia

Oenothera sect. Kleinia Munz – distributed over the Chihuahuan, Sonoran, and southern portions of the Great Basin deserts to the Great Plains, from southern Utah to southeastern Montana and western North Dakota, and northern Mexico.[32]

Section Kneiffia

Oenothera sect. Kneiffia (Spach) Straley – eastern North America, at elevations up to 1900 m.[35]

Section Lavauxia

Oenothera sect. Lavauxia (Spach) W. L. Wagner & Hoch – North and South America.

subsect. Australis

  • Oenothera acaulis Cav. − (Chile)[44]
  • Oenothera centaurifolia (Spach) Steud. − (Uruguay, Brazil, Argentina)[45][46]

subsect. Lavauxia

  • Oenothera acutissima W.L.Wagner – Flaming Gorge evening primrose (Utah, Colorado)[47]
  • Oenothera flava (A. Nelson) Garrett – yellow evening primrose (west & central North America)[48]
    • O. flava ssp. flava
    • O. flava ssp. taraxacoides (Woot. & Standl.) W.L.Wagner
  • Oenothera triloba Nutt. – stemless evening primrose (North America)[49]

Section Leucocoryne

Oenothera sect. Leucocoryne W.L.Wagner & Hoch – from southern Texas, through northern Mexico to the Trans-Volcanic Belt of central Mexico, southward to Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.[2]

  • Oenothera dissecta A. Gray ex S. Wats. - (Chihuahuan Desert)[50]
  • Oenothera kunthiana Munz - (southern Texas to Costa Rica)[51]
  • Oenothera luciae-julianiae W.L.Wagner - (Mexico)
  • Oenothera orizabae W.L.Wagner - (Mexico)
  • Oenothera tetraptera Cav. - (Mexico, southern Texas)[52]

Section Megapterium

Oenothera sect. Megapterium (Spach) W.L.Wagner & Hoch – distributed in south-central North America.

Section Oenothera

Oenothera sect. Oenothera – distributed from Canada to Panama.[57]

subsect. Candela

subsect. Emersonia

subsect. Munzia

series Allochroa

  • Oenothera affinis Cambess. – (Bolivia, Brazil, Chile)
  • Oenothera arequipensis Munz & I M.Johnst. – (Chile)
  • Oenothera bahia-blancae W.Dietr. – (Argentina)
  • Oenothera catharinensis Cambess. – (Brazil)
  • Oenothera coquimbensis Gay – (Chile)
  • Oenothera featherstonei Munz & I.M.Johnst. – (Peru)
  • Oenothera indecora Cambess.
    • O. indecora ssp. boliviensis W.Dietr.
    • O. indecora ssp. bonariensis W.Dietr.
    • O. indecora ssp. indecora
  • Oenothera mendocinensis Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. – (Argentina)
  • Oenothera mollissima L. – (Brazil)
  • Oenothera montevidensis W.Dietr. – (Uruguay)
  • Oenothera odorata Jacq. – (Argentina, Chile)
  • Oenothera parodiana Munz[60]
    • O. parodiana ssp. brasiliensis W.Dietr. – (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay)
    • O. parodiana ssp. parodiana – (Argentina)
    • O. parodiana ssp. strigulosa W.Dietr. – (Argentina)
  • Oenothera picensis Phil.[61]
    • O. picensis ssp. bonariensis W.Dietr. – (Argentina)
    • O. picensis ssp. cordobensis W.Dietr. – (Argentina)
    • O. picensis ssp. picensis – (Chile)
  • Oenothera ravenii W.Dietr. – (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay)[62]
    • O. ravenii ssp. argentinae W.Dietr. – (Argentina, Brazil)
    • O. ravenii ssp. chilensis W.Dietr. – (Chile)
    • O. ravenii ssp. ravenii – (Brazil)
  • Oenothera stricta Ledeb. ex Link[63]
    • O. stricta ssp. altissima W.Dietr. – (Argentina)
    • O. stricta ssp. argentinae W.Dietr. – (Argentina)
    • O. stricta ssp. stricta – (Chile)

series Clelandia

  • Oenothera elongata Rusby – (Bolivia, Peru)
  • Oenothera punae Kuntze – (Bolivia)
  • Oenothera siambonensis W.Dietr. – (Argentina)
  • Oenothera villaricae W.Dietr. – (Argentina, Chile)

series Renneria

  • Oenothera longituba W.Dietr. – (Argentina)
  • Oenothera nana Griseb. – (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru)
  • Oenothera pedunculifolia W.Dietr. – (Argentina)
  • Oenothera peruana W.Dietr. – (Chile, Peru)
  • Oenothera sandiana Hassk. – (Chile, Ecuador)
  • Oenothera santarii W.Dietr. – (Argentina)
  • Oenothera scabra K.Krause[64]
    • O. scabra ssp. scabra – (Bolivia, Peru)
    • O. scabra ssp. ucrosensis W.Dietr. – (Peru)
  • Oenothera tafiensis W.Dietr.[65]
    • O. tafiensis ssp. parviflora W.Dietr. – (Argentina)
    • O. tafiensis ssp. tafiensis – (Argentina)
  • Oenothera tarijensis W.Dietr. – (Bolivia)
  • Oenothera versicolor Lehm. – (Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru)

subsect. Nutantigemma

  • Oenothera breedlovei W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner - (Mexico)
  • Oenothera pennellii Munz - (Mexico)
  • Oenothera pubescens Willd. ex Spreng. – South American evening primrose (southwestern U.S to western South America)
  • Oenothera tamrae W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner - (Mexico)

subsect. Oenothera

  • Oenothera argillicola Mack. – shale-barren evening primrose (MD, PA, VA, WV)[66]
  • Oenothera biennis L. – common evening primrose (North America)
  • Oenothera elata Kunth – Hooker's evening primrose (western North America)
    • O. elata ssp. elata – (Mexico, Central America)
    • O. elata ssp. hirsutissima (A.Gray ex S.Watson) W.Dietr. – (western U.S.)
    • O. elata ssp. hookeri (Torr. & A.Gray) W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner
    • O. elata ssp. texensis W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner – (Texas)
  • Oenothera glazioviana Micheli – red-sepal evening primrose (North America)[67]
  • Oenothera grandiflora L'Hér. – large-flower evening primrose (eastern North America)
  • Oenothera jamesii Torr. & A.Gray – trumpet evening primrose (Mexico, KS, OK, TX)[68]
  • Oenothera longissima Rydb. – long-stem evening primrose (southwestern North America)
  • Oenothera nutans G.F.Atk. & Bartlett – nodding evening primrose (eastern North America)[69]
  • Oenothera oakesiana (A.Gray) J.W.Robbins ex S.Watson – Oakes' evening primrose (eastern North America)[70]
  • Oenothera parviflora L. – northern evening primrose (North America)
  • Oenothera villosa Thunb. – hairy evening primrose (North America)
    • O. villosa ssp. strigosa (Rydb.) W. Dietr. & P.H. Raven
    • O. villosa ssp. villosa
  • Oenothera wolfii (Munz) P.H.Raven W.Dietr. & Stubbe – Wolf's evening primrose (California)

subsect. Raimannia

  • Oenothera drummondii Hook. – beach evening primrose[71]
    • O. drummondii ssp. drummondii – (Atlantic coast, North Carolina to Mexico)
    • O. drummondii ssp. thalassaphila (Brandegee) W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner – (southern Baja California coast)
  • Oenothera falfurriae W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner – royal evening primrose (southeastern Texas)[72]
  • Oenothera grandis (Britton) Smyth – showy evening primrose (U.S. & Mexico)
  • Oenothera humifusa Nutt. – sea-beach evening primrose (southeast U.S.)
  • Oenothera laciniata Hill – cutleaf evening primrose (North & South America)
    • O. laciniata ssp. laciniata
    • O. laciniata ssp. pubescens (Willd. ex Spreng.) Munz – (Ecuador)[73]
  • Oenothera mexicana Spach – Mexican evening primrose (southeastern Texas)[74]
  • Oenothera resicum E.Benavides, JR.Kuethe, A.Ortiz-Alcaraz, JLL DE LA LUZ –(Mexico)[75]

Section Pachylophus

Oenothera sect. Pachylophus (Spach) W.L.Wagner – western North America.

  • Oenothera brandegeei (Munz) P.H.Raven – (near Bahia de los Angeles)[76]
  • Oenothera cavernae Munz – cave-dwelling evening primrose (AZ, NV, UT)
  • Oenothera cespitosa Nutt.1813
    • O. cespitosa ssp. cespitosa – tufted evening primrose (western North America)
    • O. cespitosa ssp. crinita (Rydb.) Munz – tufted evening primrose (southwest North America)
    • O. cespitosa ssp. macroglottis (Rydb.) W.L.Wagner, Stockh. & W.M.Klein – tufted evening primrose (CO, NM, UT, WY)
    • O. cespitosa ssp. marginata (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) Munz – tufted evening primrose
    • O. cespitosa ssp. navajoensis W.L.Wagner, Stockh, & W.M.Klein – Navajo evening primrose (AZ, NM, NV, UT)
  • Oenothera harringtonii W.L.Wagner, Stockh. & W.M.Klein – Colorado Springs evening primrose (Colorado)
  • Oenothera psammophila (A.Nels. & J.F.Macbr.) W.L.Wagner, Stockh. & W.M.Klein – St. Anthony Dunes evening primrose (Idaho)

Section Paradoxus

Oenothera sect. Paradoxus W. L. Wagner – distribution within the Chihuahuan Desert.[77]

  • Oenothera havardii S.Watson − Havard's evening primrose (Arizona, Texas)

Section Peniophyllum

Oenothera sect. Peniophyllum (Pennell) Munz – The single species is found in the southeastern U.S.

Section Ravenia

Oenothera sect. Ravenia W.L.Wagner – within Mexico.[79]

  • Oenothera muelleri Munz – (northeast Mexico)
  • Oenothera riskindii W.L.Wagner – (Coahuila)
  • Oenothera tubifera Ser.[80]
    • O. tubifera ssp. macrocarpa W.L.Wagner – (Durango)
    • O. tubifera ssp. tubifera

Section Xanthocoryne

Oenothera sect. Xanthocoryne W.L.Wagner & Hoch – from central Mexico to northern South America.[81]

  • Oenothera epilobiifolia Kunth – (Colombia, Mexico)
    • O. epilobiifolia ssp. cuprea (Schlecht.) P.H.Raven & D.R.Parn.
    • O. epilobiifolia ssp. epilobiifolia – (Venezuela)
  • Oenothera multicaulis Ruíz & Pav. – (South America)
  • Oenothera seifrizii Munz – (Colombia, Venezuela)

References

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  61. ^ O. picensis Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
  62. ^ O. ravenii Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
  63. ^ O. stricta Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
  64. ^ O. scabra Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
  65. ^ O. tafiensis Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
  66. ^ NRCS. "Oenothera argillicola". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2011-12-10.
  67. ^ NRCS. "Oenothera glazioviana". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2011-12-10.
  68. ^ NRCS. "Oenothera jamesii". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2011-12-10.
  69. ^ NRCS. "Oenothera nutans". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2011-12-10.
  70. ^ NRCS. "Oenothera oakesiana". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2011-12-10.
  71. ^ O. drummondii Wagner, W.L. and P.C. Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-10
  72. ^ O. falfurriae Wagner, W.L. and P.C. Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-10
  73. ^ O. laciniata ssp. pubescens Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
  74. ^ O. mexicana Wagner, W.L. and P.C.Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-10
  75. ^ Benavides, Eva; Kuethe, J. R.; Ortiz-Alcaraz, A.; Luz, J. L. León De La (2019-09-09). "Oenothera resicum (Onagraceae), a new species and the first record of the family from the Revillagigedo Archipelago, Mexico". Phytotaxa. 416 (1): 59–66. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.416.1.7. ISSN 1179-3163.
  76. ^ O. brandegeei Wagner, W.L. and P.C.Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family 2011-12-10
  77. ^ O. sect. Paradoxus Wagner, W.L. and P.C.Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-10
  78. ^ NRCS. "Oenothera linifolia". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2011-12-11.
  79. ^ O. sect. Ravenia Wagner, W.L. and P.C.Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-10
  80. ^ O. tubifera Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
  81. ^ O. sect. Xanthocoryne Wagner, W.L. and P.C.Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-10
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