Australian special interests ambassadors and envoys are specially-appointed officers of Australia's Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade to represent the interests of the Commonwealth of Australia abroad on a larger scale (such as by continent) or through representing the Commonwealth's approach to various international issues. While the special interest Ambassadors-at-Large are appointed in the same manner as would a normal Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, they are not credentialed to any state and thus have no treaty-making powers. Special Envoys are typically appointed by the prime minister of Australia.
Special interests ambassadors
Ambassadors for Counter-Terrorism
# |
Officeholder |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Notes
|
1
|
Nick Warner |
20 March 2003 (2003-03-20) |
14 August 2003 (2003-08-14) |
147 days |
[1]
|
2
|
Les Luck |
14 August 2003 (2003-08-14) |
20 July 2006 (2006-07-20) |
2 years, 340 days |
[2]
|
3
|
Mike Smith |
20 July 2006 (2006-07-20) |
5 September 2008 (2008-09-05) |
2 years, 47 days |
[3]
|
4
|
Bill Paterson |
5 September 2008 (2008-09-05) |
14 March 2013 (2013-03-14) |
4 years, 190 days |
[4]
|
5
|
Bill Fisher |
14 March 2013 (2013-03-14) |
18 May 2014 (2014-05-18) |
1 year, 65 days |
[5]
|
6
|
Miles Armitage |
18 May 2014 (2014-05-18) |
21 July 2016 (2016-07-21) |
2 years, 64 days |
[6]
|
7
|
Paul Foley |
21 July 2016 (2016-07-21) |
18 February 2021 (2021-02-18) |
4 years, 212 days |
[7]
|
8
|
Roger Noble |
18 February 2021 (2021-02-18) |
9 February 2023 (2023-02-09) |
1 year, 356 days |
[8]
|
9
|
Richard Feakes |
22 May 2023 (2023-05-22) |
Incumbent |
2 years, 82 days |
[9]
|
Ambassadors for the Environment
# |
Officeholder |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Notes
|
1
|
Sir Ninian Stephen |
1989 (1989) |
1992 (1992) |
2–3 years |
|
2
|
Penelope Wensley |
1992 (1992) |
January 1996 (1996-01) |
3–4 years |
|
3
|
Howard Bamsey |
January 1996 (1996-01) |
September 1997 (1997-09) |
1 year, 8 months |
[10]
|
4
|
Meg McDonald |
September 1997 (1997-09) |
November 1998 (1998-11) |
1 year, 2 months |
[11]
|
5
|
Ralph Hillman |
November 1998 (1998-11) |
March 2002 (2002-03) |
3 years, 4 months |
[12]
|
6
|
Christopher Langman |
March 2002 (2002-03) |
February 2004 (2004-02) |
1 year, 11 months |
[13]
|
7
|
Justin Brown |
October 2004 (2004-10) |
January 2005 (2005-01) |
3 months |
[14]
|
8
|
Jan Adams |
January 2005 (2005-01) |
2007 (2007) |
1–2 years |
[15]
|
Role merged with the Ambassador for Climate Change
|
9
|
Peter Woolcott |
November 2014 (2014-11) |
29 February 2016 (2016-02-29) |
1 year, 3 months |
[16]
|
10
|
Patrick Suckling |
29 February 2016 (2016-02-29) |
18 November 2019 (2019-11-18) |
3 years, 263 days |
[17]
|
11
|
Jamie Isbister |
18 November 2019 (2019-11-18) |
Incumbent |
5 years, 267 days |
[18]
|
Ambassadors for Climate Change
# |
Officeholder |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Notes
|
1
|
Jan Elizabeth Adams |
2007 (2007) |
February 2009 (2009-02) |
1–2 years |
|
2
|
Louise Hand |
February 2009 (2009-02) |
13 May 2012 (2012-05-13) |
3 years, 3 months |
[19]
|
3
|
Justin Lee |
13 May 2012 (2012-05-13) |
1 November 2014 (2014-11-01) |
2 years, 172 days |
[20]
|
Role merged with the Ambassador for the Environment
|
4
|
Kristin Tilley |
9 November 2022 (2022-11-09) |
Incumbent |
2 years, 276 days |
[21]
|
Ambassadors for Cyber Affairs and Critical Technology
# |
Officeholder |
Title |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Notes
|
1
|
Tobias Feakin |
Ambassador for Cyber Affairs |
10 November 2016 (2016-11-10) |
January 2020 (2020-01) |
8 years, 275 days |
[22][23]
|
Ambassador for Cyber Affairs and Critical Technology |
January 2020 (2020-01) |
Incumbent
|
Ambassadors for Regional Health Security
# |
Officeholder |
Title |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Notes
|
1
|
Murray Proctor |
Ambassador for HIV/AIDS |
December 2007 (2007-12) |
May 2012 (2012-05) |
4 years, 5 months |
[24]
|
2
|
James Gilling |
Ambassador for HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria |
3 October 2012 (2012-10-03) |
13 June 2017 (2017-06-13) |
4 years, 253 days |
[24]
|
3
|
Blair Exell |
Ambassador for Regional Health Security |
13 June 2017 (2017-06-13) |
3 March 2020 (2020-03-03) |
2 years, 264 days |
[25]
|
4
|
Stephanie Williams |
3 March 2020 (2020-03-03) |
Incumbent |
5 years, 162 days |
[26]
|
Ambassador for People Smuggling and Human Trafficking
# |
Officeholder |
Title |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Notes
|
1
|
John Buckley |
Ambassador for People Smuggling Issues |
April 2002 (2002-04) |
30 July 2003 (2003-07-30) |
1 year, 3 months |
[27]
|
2
|
Caroline Millar |
30 July 2003 (2003-07-30) |
19 December 2005 (2005-12-19) |
2 years, 142 days |
[28]
|
3
|
Lydia Morton |
19 December 2005 (2005-12-19) |
January 2007 (2007-01) |
1 year |
[29]
|
4
|
Michael Potts |
January 2007 (2007-01) |
June 2009 (2009-06) |
2 years, 5 months |
[30]
|
5
|
Peter Woolcott |
June 2009 (2009-06) |
February 2010 (2010-02) |
8 months |
[31]
|
6
|
James Larsen |
February 2010 (2010-02) |
27 May 2012 (2012-05-27) |
2 years, 3 months |
[32]
|
7
|
Craig Chittick |
27 May 2012 (2012-05-27) |
December 2014 (2014-12) |
2 years, 188 days |
[32]
|
8
|
Andrew Goledzinowski |
December 2014 (2014-12) |
19 October 2017 (2017-10-19) |
2 years, 10 months |
[33]
|
9
|
Geoffrey Shaw |
Ambassador for People Smuggling and Human Trafficking |
19 October 2017 (2017-10-19) |
22 May 2020 (2020-05-22) |
2 years, 216 days |
[34]
|
10
|
Lucienne Manton |
22 May 2020 (2020-05-22) |
Incumbent |
5 years, 82 days |
[35]
|
Ambassadors for Gender Equality
# |
Officeholder |
Title |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Notes
|
1
|
Penny Williams |
Ambassador for Women and Girls |
13 September 2011 (2011-09-13) |
16 December 2013 (2013-12-16) |
2 years, 94 days |
[36]
|
2
|
Natasha Stott Despoja |
16 December 2013 (2013-12-16) |
21 November 2016 (2016-11-21) |
2 years, 341 days |
[37]
|
3
|
Sharman Stone |
21 November 2016 (2016-11-21) |
8 March 2020 (2020-03-08) |
3 years, 108 days |
[38]
|
4
|
Julie-Ann Guivarra |
Ambassador for Gender Equality |
8 March 2020 (2020-03-08) |
1 October 2021 (2021-10-01) |
1 year, 207 days |
[39]
|
5
|
Christine Clarke |
Ambassador for Women and Girls |
31 January 2022 (2022-01-31) |
20 December 2022 (2022-12-20) |
323 days |
[40]
|
6
|
Stephanie Copus-Campbell |
Ambassador for Gender Equality |
20 December 2022 (2022-12-20) |
Incumbent |
2 years, 235 days |
[41][42]
|
Ambassadors for Human Rights
# |
Officeholder |
Title |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Notes
|
1
|
Phillip Ruddock |
Special Envoy for Human Rights |
8 February 2016 (2016-02-08) |
October 2017 (2017-10) |
1 year, 7 months |
[43]
|
Post abolished
|
2
|
Bronte Moules |
Ambassador for Human Rights |
TBD |
Incoming |
|
[42][44]
|
Special Envoys
Parliamentarians
Special Envoy for the Arts
# |
Officeholder |
Party |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Susan Templeman MP |
|
Labor |
1 June 2022 (2022-06-01) |
Incumbent |
3 years, 72 days |
[45]
|
Special Envoy for Citizenship and Community Engagement
# |
Officeholder |
Party |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Philip Ruddock MP |
|
Liberal |
28 May 2015 (2015-05-28) |
9 May 2016 (2016-05-09) |
347 days |
[46]
|
Special Envoy for Cyber Security and Digital Resilience
# |
Officeholder |
Party |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Andrew Charlton MP |
|
Labor |
29 July 2024 (2024-07-29) |
Incumbent |
1 year, 14 days |
[47]
|
Special Envoy for Defence and Veterans' Affairs
# |
Officeholder |
Party |
Title |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Luke Gosling MP |
|
Labor |
Special Envoy for Defence, Veterans' Affairs and Northern Australia |
29 July 2024 (2024-07-29) |
Incumbent |
1 year, 14 days |
[47]
|
Special Envoy for Disaster Recovery
# |
Officeholder |
Party |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Senator Tony Sheldon |
|
Labor |
24 July 2022 (2022-07-24) |
Incumbent |
3 years, 19 days |
[48]
|
Special Envoy for Drought Assistance and Recovery
# |
Officeholder |
Party |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Barnaby Joyce MP |
|
National |
11 September 2018 (2018-09-11) |
29 May 2019 (2019-05-29) |
260 days |
[49]
|
Special Envoy for the Great Barrier Reef
# |
Officeholder |
Party |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Warren Entsch MP |
|
Liberal National[a] |
29 May 2019 (2019-05-29) |
11 April 2022 (2022-04-11) |
2 years, 317 days |
|
2
|
Senator Nita Green |
|
Labor |
1 June 2022 (2022-06-01) |
Incumbent |
3 years, 72 days |
[50]
|
- ^ Entsch sat in the Liberal party room.
Special Envoy for Indigenous Affairs
# |
Officeholder |
Party |
Title |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Tony Abbott MP |
|
Liberal |
Special Envoy for Indigenous Affairs |
29 August 2018 (2018-08-29) |
18 May 2019 (2019-05-18) |
262 days |
[51]
|
2
|
Senator Pat Dodson |
|
Labor |
Special Envoy for Reconciliation and Implementation of the Uluru Statement from the Heart |
1 June 2022 (2022-06-01) |
26 January 2024 (2024-01-26) |
1 year, 239 days |
[50]
|
Special Envoy for Northern Australia
# |
Officeholder |
Party |
Title |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Senator Susan McDonald |
|
Liberal National[a] |
Special Envoy for Northern Australia |
27 June 2021 (2021-06-27) |
23 May 2022 (2022-05-23) |
330 days |
[52]
|
2
|
Luke Gosling MP |
|
Labor |
Special Envoy for Defence, Veterans' Affairs and Northern Australia |
29 July 2024 (2024-07-29) |
Incumbent |
1 year, 14 days |
[47]
|
- ^ McDonald sat in the National party room.
Special Envoy for Social Cohesion
# |
Officeholder |
Party |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Peter Khalil MP |
|
Labor |
29 July 2024 (2024-07-29) |
Incumbent |
1 year, 14 days |
[47]
|
Special Envoy for Trade
# |
Officeholder |
Party |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Andrew Robb MP |
|
Liberal |
18 February 2016 (2016-02-18) |
9 May 2016 (2016-05-09) |
81 days |
[53]
|
Others
Diplomatic
Special Envoy to Africa
# |
Officeholder |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Richard Woolcott |
2008 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
[58]
|
Special Envoy to Bhutan
# |
Officeholder |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Tim Fischer |
c. 2011 (2011) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
[56][59]
|
Special Envoy to Central Asia
# |
Officeholder |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Peter Tesch |
2010 (2010) |
2012 (2012) |
1–2 years |
[56][60]
|
Special Envoy to Eastern Europe, the Balkans and the Caucasus
# |
Officeholder |
Title |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Malcolm Fraser |
Special Envoy to Yugoslavia |
19 April 1999 (1999-04-19) |
1999 (1999) |
Unknown |
[61]
|
2
|
Russell Trood |
Special Envoy to Eastern Europe, the Balkans and the Caucasus |
31 July 2011 (2011-07-31) |
2012 (2012) |
0–1 years |
[62]
|
3
|
Angus Houston |
Special Envoy to Ukraine |
21 July 2014 (2014-07-21) |
2014 (2014) |
Unknown |
[63][64]
|
Special Envoy to Eritrea, Rwanda and South Sudan
# |
Officeholder |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Tim Fischer |
c. 2011 (2011) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
[56][59]
|
# |
Officeholder |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Bill Fisher |
2010 (2010) |
2013 (2013) |
2–3 years |
[55][56]
|
Special Envoy to Latin America and the Caribbean
# |
Officeholder |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
John McCarthy |
c. 2011 (2011) |
2012 (2012) |
Unknown |
[56][65]
|
Special Envoy to Lusophone countries
# |
Officeholder |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Neil Mules |
c. 2011 (2011) |
2012 (2012) |
Unknown |
[56]
|
# |
Officeholder |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Ahmed Fahour |
29 June 2011 (2011-06-29) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
[66][67]
|
Special Envoy for the Pacific and Regional Affairs
# |
Officeholder |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Ewen McDonald |
3 July 2023 (2023-07-03) |
Incumbent |
2 years, 40 days |
[68]
|
Special Envoy for Southeast Asia
# |
Officeholder |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Nicholas Moore |
12 November 2022 (2022-11-12) |
Incumbent |
2 years, 273 days |
[69]
|
Special Envoy to Sri Lanka
# |
Officeholder |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
John McCarthy |
2 November 2009 (2009-11-02) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
[70]
|
Issues
Special Envoy to Combat Antisemitism
# |
Officeholder |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Jillian Segal |
9 July 2024 (2024-07-09) |
Incumbent |
1 year, 34 days |
[71]
|
Special Envoy to Combat Islamophobia
# |
Officeholder |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Aftab Malik |
14 October 2024 (2024-10-14) |
Incumbent |
302 days |
[72]
|
# |
Officeholder |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Sandy Hollway |
2008 (2008) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
[73]
|
# |
Officeholder |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Jim Molan |
27 September 2013 (2013-09-27) |
15 August 2014 (2014-08-15) |
322 days |
[74]
|
Special Envoy on Whale Conservation
# |
Officeholder |
Term start date |
Term end date |
Time in office |
Ref
|
1
|
Sandy Hollway |
2008 (2008) |
2009 (2009) |
0–1 years |
[75][76]
|
See also
References
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- ^ Downer, Alexander (14 August 2003). "Diplomatic Appointment – Ambassador for Counter-Terrorism" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Downer, Alexander (20 July 2006). "Diplomatic Appointment – Ambassador for Counter-Terrorism" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Smith, Stephen (5 September 2008). "Ambassador for Counter-Terrorism" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Carr, Bob (14 March 2013). "Ambassador for Counter-Terrorism" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Bishop, Julie (18 May 2014). "Ambassador for Counter-Terrorism" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Bishop, Julie (21 July 2016). "Ambassador for Counter-Terrorism" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Payne, Marise (18 February 2021). "Ambassador for Counter-Terrorism". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Press release). Australian Government. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
- ^ "Australian Ambassador for Counter-Terrorism". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Australian Government. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
- ^ Evans, Gareth (27 July 1995). "Diplomatic Appointment: Ambassador to Geneva UN, Ambassador for the Environment" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Downer, Alexander (27 September 1997). "Diplomatic Appointment: Ambassador for the Environment" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Downer, Alexander (18 November 1998). "Diplomatic Appointment: Ambassador For The Environment" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Downer, Alexander (15 March 2002). "Diplomatic Appointment: Ambassador For The Environment" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Downer, Alexander (6 February 2004). "Diplomatic Appointment: Ambassador For The Environment" (Press release). Australian Government. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017.
- ^ Downer, Alexander (10 December 2004). "Diplomatic Appointment: Ambassador For The Environment" (Press release). Australian Government. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
- ^ Bishop, Julie (1 November 2014). "Ambassador for the Environment" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Bishop, Julie (29 February 2016). "Ambassador for the Environment" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Payne, Marise (18 November 2019). "Ambassador to the Environment" (Press release). Australian Government. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- ^ Smith, Stephen; Wong, Penny (9 February 2009). "New Ambassador for climate change" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Carr, Bob; Combet, Greg (13 May 2012). "New Ambassador for Climate Change" (Press release). Australian Government. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015.
- ^ "New Ambassador for Climate Change" (Press release). Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water. 9 November 2022. Archived from the original on 9 November 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
- ^ Bishop, Julie; Tehan, Dan (10 November 2016). "Ambassador for Cyber Affairs". Minister for Foreign Affairs (Press release). Australian Government. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
- ^ Brookes, Joseph (16 November 2022). "Govt hunts cyber ambassador replacement". InnovationAus.com. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
- ^ a b Carr, Bob (13 May 2012). "Incoming Ambassador for HIV/AIDS, TB and Malaria" (Press release). Australian Government. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015.
- ^ Bishop, Julie (13 June 2017). "Ambassador for Regional Health Security" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Payne, Marise (3 March 2020). "Ambassador for Regional Health Security". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Press release). Australian Government. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
- ^ Downer, Alexander (28 February 2002). "Ambassador for People Smuggling Issues" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Downer, Alexander (30 July 2003). "Diplomatic Appointment – Ambassador For People Smuggling Issues" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Downer, Alexander (19 December 2005). "Diplomatic Appointment – Ambassador For People Smuggling Issues" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Downer, Alexander (29 December 2006). "Ambassador for People Smuggling Issues" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Smith, Stephen (8 June 2009). "Ambassador for People Smuggling Issues" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ a b Carr, Bob (27 May 2012). "New Ambassador for People Smuggling Issues" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Bishop, Julie; Morrison, Scott (24 November 2014). "Ambassador for People Smuggling Issues" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Bishop, Julie (19 October 2017). "Ambassador for People Smuggling and Human Trafficking" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Payne, Marise (22 May 2020). "Ambassador for People Smuggling and Human Trafficking". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Press release). Australian Government. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
- ^ Gillard, Julia; Rudd, Kevin; Ellis, Kate (13 September 2011). "Australia appoints Global Ambassador for Women and Girls" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Bishop, Julie; Cash, Michaelia (16 December 2013). "Australia's Ambassador for Women and Girls" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Bishop, Julie; Cash, Michaelia (21 November 2016). "Ambassador for Women and Girls" (Press release). Australian Government.
- ^ Payne, Marise (8 March 2020). "Ambassador of Australia for Gender Equality". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Press release). Australian Government. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
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- ^ Wong, Penny (20 December 2022). "Ambassador for Gender Equality". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Press release). Australian Government. Archived from the original on 20 December 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
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- ^ Bishop, Julie (8 February 2016). "Special Envoy for Human Rights" (Press release). Minister for Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 5 August 2024.
- ^ Wong, Penny (20 December 2022). "Ambassador for Human Rights". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Press release). Australian Government. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
- ^ Templeman, Susan (1 June 2022). "Statement: Special Envoy for the Arts". Sydney. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
- ^ "Hon Philip Ruddock AO". Canberra: Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
- ^ a b c d Albanese, Anthony (28 July 2024). "Ministerial arrangements" (Press release). Canberra: Australian Government. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
- ^ "Senator Tony Sheldon". Canberra: Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
- ^ Joyce, Barnaby. "About Barnaby". Tamworth, New South Wales. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
- ^ a b "Gilmore; majority government; Ministry list, representation of women; gas prices; energy prices; cost of living; Julian Assange; policy agenda". www.pm.gov.au. 31 May 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
- ^ Haughton, James. "Former Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australian Government representative and advisory bodies: a quick guide". Canberra: Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
- ^ "Senator Susan McDonald". Canberra: Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
- ^ Ciobo, Steven (18 February 2016). "Appointment as Minister for Trade and Investment" (Press release). Canberra: Australian Government. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
- ^ Downer, Alexander (28 June 1996). "Appointment of Mr Malcolm Fraser As Special Envoy to Africa" (Press release). Australian Government.
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