Efraín Orozco Morales

Efraín Orozco Morales
Born(1897-01-22)22 January 1897
Cajibío, Colombia
Died27 August 1975(1975-08-27) (aged 78)
Bogotá, Colombia

Efraín Orozco Morales[a] (1897–1975) was a Colombian musician, composer, and bandleader. He was bandleader of the group Efraín Orozco y su Orquesta de las Américas, and wrote several songs that were successful in Colombia and Argentina.

Biography

Early life

Orozco was born on 22 January 1897 in Cajibío, in the Colombian department of Cauca.[1] His mother Amelia Morales taught him guitar as a child, and his father Cenón Orozco Salazar gave him a cornet when he was 8 years old.[1] Orozco was taught cornet by Ignacio Tovar, and composition and flute by Juan Calambás.[2]

At the age of 12 Orozco played bass drum and cornet in the military band of Popayán, and afterwards played in a tropical music orchestra in Buga[3] At the age of 19 he left Colombia and for five years travelled in Panama, Costa Rica, and Peru with his friend Leonardo Pazos.[2][3] At 19 Orozco had already written the songs "Adiós a Popayán", "Enigma", and "Sandino" (about Augusto César Sandino).[4][2]

Career and orchestra

Orozco moved back to Colombia and in 1927 became director of a music school.[5] He moved back to Popayán and in 1932 formed his own orchestra, called Efraín Orozco y sus Alegres Muchachos. They toured Peru, spent three months in Chile, and ended up in Buenos Aires where they stayed for 19 years.[4] In the 1940s Orozco renamed his band Efraín Orozco y su Orquesta de las Américas, at the recommendation of his friend Homero Manzi.[4] In 1946 the band recorded a successful version of José María Peñaranda's song "Se Va el Caimán" with an extra verse, under the title "El Caimán".[6] Members of the band included Colombians Carlos Julio Ramírez, Jorge David Monsalve, and Alejandro Tovar, as well as the Argentine pianist Luis Bacalof and singers Leo Marini, Carlos Argentino Torres, and Lita Nelson.[4][1] Orozco was known in Buenos Aires as the "Maker of Stars" (Spanish: Hacedor de Estrellas) because of the success of the singers that worked with the band.[2]

In 1953 Orozco returned back to Colombia, on contract to the Club San Fernando in Cali, with singer Carlos Argentino Torres.[4] Shortly afterwards he moved to Bogotá, and around that time wrote several successful songs.[3] Orozco wrote the song "El Regreso" about the experience of returning to his hometown Cajibío after being away for so long.[3] The song was first recorded by Beatriz Arellano, with arrangements by Jaime Llano González.[3]

Death and legacy

Orozco died on 27 August 1975 in Bogotá.[2] The competition "Concurso de Música Andina Colombiana Efraín Orozco Morales" is held in Cajibío in his honour.[3]

Musical style and compositions

Orozco wrote over 200 songs.[2] He is known for his songs in the styles of bambuco, pasillo, and bolero, and his notable compositions include: "Señora María Rosa", "Allá en la Montaña", "Romanza de Amor", "Fogoncito", "Bandolitis", "Comadre Juana Ruperta", "Tenjo", "Diana", "Adiós a Popayán", "Ramón", "Claudia", "Dos Vidas", "Volver", and "El Regreso".[3][1][2]

Notes

  1. ^ In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Orozco and the second or maternal family name is Morales.

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Efraín Orozco, 40 años sin un embajador del sonido nacional" [Efraín Orozco, 40 years without an ambassador of national sound], Radio Nacional de Colombia (in Spanish), 31 August 2015, retrieved 10 July 2025
  2. ^ a b c d e f g José I. Pinilla Aguilar (1980). "Orozco Morales Efraín". Cultores de la Música Colombiana (in Spanish). Editorial Ariana. pp. 319–320. OCLC 253182806.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Jaime Monsalve (26 November 2023), "De regreso a mi tierra: así cantó Efraín Orozco, ídolo colombiano" [Back to my land: this is how Colombian idol Efraín Orozco sang], Radio Nacional de Colombia (in Spanish), retrieved 10 July 2025
  4. ^ a b c d e Alberto Gomez Aristizabal (11 January 1998), "Centenario de un Compositor Colombiano. Efraín Orozco, un Andariego" [Centenary of a Colombian Composer. Efraín Orozco, an Andariego], El Tiempo (in Spanish), retrieved 10 July 2025
  5. ^ Luis Carlos Rodríguez (2001). "Orozco, Efraín". In Emilio Casares Rodicio (ed.). Diccionario de la Música Española e Hispanoamericana (in Spanish). Vol. 8: Oaburi – Qurra. Sociedad General de Autores y Editores. p. 190. ISBN 84-8048-311-3.
  6. ^ Javier Franco Altamar (23 September 2016), "Un 'caimán' nadó hasta España" [A 'caiman' swam to Spain], El Tiempo (in Spanish), retrieved 10 July 2025
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