Caroline van der Hucht-Kerkhoven

Caroline van der Hucht-Kerkhoven
Undated portrait of Van der Hucht-Kerkhoven
Born	Caroline Constance Albertine Kerkhoven (1840-01-20)20 January 1840 Amsterdam, Netherlands
Died	25 December 1915(1915-12-25) (aged 75) Amsterdam, Netherlands
Other names	Marie Daal (pseudonym)
Occupations	Writer editor philanthropist activist
Known for	Activism for animal welfare, vegetarianism, child welfare, and humanitarian reform
Spouse	Johan Carel van der Hucht ​ ​ (m. 1862; died 1888)​

Caroline Constance Albertine van der Hucht-Kerkhoven (née Kerkhoven; 20 January 1840 – 25 December 1915), also known by the pseudonym Marie Daal, was a Dutch writer, editor, philanthropist, and activist. She was active in promoting animal welfare, vegetarianism, child welfare, and humanitarian reform. Van der Hucht-Kerkhoven was editor of the animal welfare magazine Androcles, co-founded the Dutch Anti-Vivisection Society (Nederlandsche Bond ter Bestrijding van Vivisectie) and the Dutch Children's League (Nederlandsche Kinderbond), and established the J. C. van der Hucht Fund, named in honor of her deceased husband, to support charitable projects benefiting both humans and animals. Her novels, such as Anna (1883) and De familie van Westvoorne ("The Family of Westvoorne"; 1890), used fiction as a platform for activism, especially against vivisection and in support of women's social engagement.

Caroline Constance Albertine Kerkhoven was born in Amsterdam on 20 January 1840, the youngest child of seven children. Her father, Theodorus Johannes Kerkhoven (1789–1857), was a broker and author, and her mother, Clara Henriëtte van der Hucht (1800–1888), came from a well-established family. Her upbringing was influenced by both Lutheran (father) and Reformed (mother) traditions.^[1]

On 19 June 1862, she married her full cousin Johan Carel van der Hucht (1832–1888), a businessman and banker who later became a director of the Royal Dutch Steamboat Company (KNSM). The couple remained childless and lived in Amsterdam, first along the Amstel and later on the Prinsengracht. Due to her husband's frail health, they frequently traveled to health resorts in Germany and to the milder climate of southern France.^[1]

Van der Hucht-Kerkhoven was deeply involved in humanitarian and animal welfare movements. In 1869, she became the editor-in-chief of Androcles, a monthly magazine dedicated to animal welfare. She provided financial support to related causes and was an active member of the Dutch Society for the Protection of Animals from 1877 onward.^[1]

In 1883, she published the novel Anna under the pseudonym Marie Daal. The story centres on the theme of animal abuse, with the character Meta generally interpreted as a reflection of Van der Hucht-Kerkhoven herself. Through the narrative, she draws a connection between the mistreatment of animals—particularly vivisection—and the broader societal challenges faced by women who speak out publicly in pursuit of reform. The pseudonym Marie Daal was possibly inspired by Mariëndaal, a country estate in Arnhem where her mother was born.^[2]

A feminist, Van der Hucht-Kerkhoven used fiction as a platform for activism, introducing female protagonists who are confronted with the realities of vivisection and cruelty, especially towards cats, and who adopt a more socially engaged role than was typical for women at the time.^[3]

In 1890, two years after her husband's death, she co-founded the Dutch Anti-Vivisection Society (Nederlandsche Bond ter Bestrijding van Vivisectie, NBBV). The NBBV published her two-volume novel De familie van Westvoorne ("The Family of Westvoorne") in 1891.^[1]

Together with Marie Jungius, she co-founded the Dutch Children's League (Nederlandsche Kinderbond) in 1891, modeled on the British Bands of Mercy. The League aimed to teach children compassion for all living beings through literature and club activities. In 1894, she became the first vice-chair of the Dutch Vegetarian Society (Nederlandsche Vegetariërsbond).^[1]

Van der Hucht-Kerkhoven was a prominent proponent of humanitarianism. She maintained connections with pacifists, spiritualists, vegetarians, and Christian anarchists. Among her close collaborators was Felix Ortt, a leading figure in Christian anarchism and vegetarianism, who served as her personal secretary from 1899.^[1]

In 1907, she established the J. C. van der Hucht Fund, named in honor of her husband, with an initial donation of ƒ1,000. The fund aimed to promote the couple's humanitarian ideals, explicitly including animals within its scope of care. The fund helped finance the founding of the Engendaal School in Soest in 1913, a school based on neutral, humanitarian principles, initiated by Ortt.^[1] Its guiding philosophy was also influenced by the ideas of Albert Schweitzer.^[4]

Van der Hucht-Kerkhoven lived to see the school's opening in 1913 and died two years later on 25 December 1915 at the age of 75.^[1]

She left a life annuity to Felix Ortt, enabling him to continue his humanitarian work. She also bequeathed a significant legacy to the Engendaal School, which was subsequently renamed the Van der Hucht school in her honor. Additional schools under the same educational philosophy were later established in Overhees (1980) and Smitsveen (1991).^[1]

In 2014, the J. C. van der Hucht Fund merged with the Martina de Beukelaar Foundation to form the Van der Hucht de Beukelaar Foundation, which continues to support projects promoting the welfare of humans and animals.^[1]

• Anna (novel under the pseudonym Marie Daal; 1883)
• De familie van Westvoorne ("The Family of Westvoorne"; two-volume novel under the pseudonym Marie Daal; 1891)
• Licht en schaduw. Verhalen voor kinderen van verschillenden leeftijd ("Light and Shadow: Stories for Children of Various Ages"; with Jacoba F. D. Mossel; 1906)

• Wat mensen zeggen ("What People Say"; children's literature; 1899)
• Uit menschen- en dierenwereld. Verhalen voor groot en klein ("From the World of Humans and Animals: Stories for Young and Old"; 1905)

• Eduard Baltzer, Vegetarisch kookboek ("Vegetarian Cookbook"; translated with Daniël de Clercq; 1892)
• Anna Kingsford, Het land aan gene zijde van de zon. Een sprookje voor onzen tijd ("Beyond the Sunset: A Fairy Tale for the Times"; translated allegorical tale; 1895)