Battle of Vrigne-Meuse

Battle of Vrigne-Meuse
Part of Meuse–Argonne offensive
Map of French communes: Vrigne-Meuse
Date 9 to 11 November 1918 Location Vrigne-Meuse Result Armistice
Belligerents
German Empire	France
	Edmond Boichut
Strength
Unknown	700 soldiers
Casualties and losses
Unknown but high	99 dead and 190 injured

The Battle of Vrigne-Meuse was an attack led by the French infantry against German positions, between 9 and 11 November 1918 in the Ardennes.^[1] It was one of the last battles of the First World War as it was fought in November 1918 during the armistice negotiations to end the war.^[2] Over 90 French soldiers were killed in the battle.^[1] Around 200 were injured.^[3]

On 9 November 1918, the 415th Infantry Regiment (RI) attempted to cross the Meuse river between Dom-le-Mesnil and Vrigne-Meuse. Footbridges were installed by the divisional engineers. The next day, the three battalions of the 415th Infantry Regiment with 700 men, were significantly outnumbered against German forces on the frontline.^[2]

On 11 November the fog lifted at 10:30am. The weather conditions were poor and the river had flooded making the operation of crossing difficult for the French soldiers.^[4] The courier, or estafette Augustin Trébuchon, carried a message to his captain. Augustin Trébuchon of the 415th Infantry Regiment, was the last French soldier killed during World War I.^[5][4][6] He suffered fatal injuries by machine gun fire just before the 11:00am ceasefire while delivering a retreat message along the Meuse River.^{[N 1][7]} His body was later found by fellow soldiers Georges Gazareth the liaison officer and Octave Delaluque near Captain Lebreton’s command post.^[8]

According to the former mayor of Vrigne-Meuse Georges Dommelier, Trébuchon died between the dam footbridge and the front line which was located along the railway line as he was going towards the front line troops, in front of Vrigne-Meuse.^[9] The note he was carrying read 'we'll expect you at 11:30 a.m. in Dom-le-Mesnil for a snack".^[4]

Some historians have disputed the identity of the last fallen soldier.^[10] According to Belgian historian Jean-Emile Andreux, another soldier died five minutes before 11 a.m. from a German shell.^[11] According to Jean-Dominique Merchet, this could have been Jules Achille who was serving in the same regiment.^[12] According to historian Jean-Yves Le Naour, a number of soldiers' deaths on 11 November were deliberately registered under 10 November to avoid the admission that those soldiers had died on the same day of the armistice.^[13]

Concerning the exact time of Trébuchon's death and the location of the place where he was killed was disputed as the date of his death on his tombstone was dated 10 November instead of 11 November.^[14]

On 11 November 1918, bugler Octave Delaluque sounded the Armistice at Vrigne-Meuse. He was the only bugler to sound the armistice during combat, was rescued from a shell hole under enemy fire and was ordered by Captain Lebretton to signal the ceasefire, though he couldn’t recall the call he learned years earlier.^[15] Earlier the corporal Pierre Sellier, originally from the Territoire de Belfort, and whose bugle still rests in the Army Museum, sounded the ceasefire on the evening of 7 November, to allow the German plenipotentiaries to cross the French lines at La Flamengrie in the Aisne.^[16]

According to Jean-Emile Andreux, who studied the log of the march and operations of the health service of the 415th regiment, he discovered this sentence: "on 11/11 at 11:00 Armistice bell.^[12] The last shell was fired at 11:05 (11:05 or 11:00 minus 5?) near the main aid station which was installed at Dom-le-Mesnil and had killed a man. The identity of the man remains unknown, but the name of Jules Achille is sometimes mentioned.^[17] Achille was born on 14 September 1893 at La Poôté in Mayenne and was missing in action.^[18]

According to historian René Richard, from the association "Bretagne 14-18", another theory exists which asserts another soldier, identified as Auguste Joseph Renault (b. 6 December 1897), died a few minutes after Trébuchon at exactly 10:58a.m.^[12] The men of the 415th Infantry Regiment were not given time to bury their dead compatriots and their commander was sent to Lebanon and Syria. The 415th Infantry Regiment was not represented in the grand victory parade of 14 July 1919.^[19] Ten years later, in April 1929, a war memorial was unveiled at the site of the fighting, in the presence of veterans.^[20]

Every 11 November, the survivors of the battle and later their descendants gathered together in the village to commemorate the event.^[21] A street in Vrigne-Meuse bears the name of Augustin Trébuchon.^[22] The battle was marked in 2018 for its centenary particularly the context of the armistice.^[23] The mayor of Vrigne-Meuse Jean-Christophe Chanot hailed his "great patriotic momentum".^[24]

• List of battles involving France in modern history
• Second Battle of Mons, fought 9–11 November 1918