Assault on Ivangorod
| Assault on Ivangorod | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Russo-Swedish War (1495–1497) | |||||||||
 Ivangorod today | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Sweden | Grand Principality of Moscow | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Knut Posse Svante Nilsson | Yuryi Babich † | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
|
2,000–5,000 men 70 vessels | 3,000 men | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| minor |
3,000 soldiers and civilians killed 300 captured | ||||||||
The assault on Ivangorod was a battle fought between the Grand Principality of Moscow and the Kingdom of Sweden at the Russian fortress of Ivangorod in 1496,[1] resulting in the mass plundering of the city and thousands of civilians being killed by the Swedes. It was later burned down because the Swedes lacked resources to defend it.[2][3]
Background
The Russian fortress of Ivangorod was built along a series of other fortifications on the border with Livonia.[4] In September 1495, a Russian force amounting to about 10,000 advanced towards the Swedish fortress of Viborg (Vyborg) and besieged it, the Swedish defenders managed to beat back many of the assaults by the Russian force but on the 30th of November the Russians attacked with all of their forces and managed to get inside, this was stopped however by a large explosion in one of the towers, which forced the Russians back, after this, Knut Posse and Svante Nilsson began organizing an expedition into Russia to raze Ivangorod.
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Assault
In the summer of 1496, 70 vessels with 2,000[3]–5,000[5] men entered saield into the river Narva and managed to penetrate 20 kilometers upstream towards Ivangorod which had a garrison of 3,000 men.[6] The commander was Yuryi Babich.[7] The fortress presented the Swedes with an excellent strategic objective for a Swedish counterstrike.[3]
The Swedish vessels carried guns designed for deck-to-shore fire and were built to destroy opposing land batteries and the troops carried gunpowder firearms. Ivangorod l,acked sufficient fortifications, only having unfinished wooden bastions. It also lacked guns and the militia had little firerams. After an eight-day long, the Swedes stormed the fortress, overruning the garrison after eight hours.[2][3]
The Swedes thoroughly sacked Ivangorod, massacring 3,000 inhabitants, civilians along with the garrison. In a few days, the Swedes departed back to Finland with 300 prisoners and expensive furs.[2][3] The reason for the departure and destruction of the fortress was that neither Knut or Svante had the recources to stay and defend it.[3][2]
Aftermath
Ivan III was determined to keep his foothold in the Baltics, and the Russians rebuilt the fortress into a larger, quadrilateral structure which was extended toward the border with Livonia.[8]
At the beginning of 1497, a message from Kexholm arrived in Viborg with information that the Russians were asking for peace. In order to draw up instructions for the Swedish envoys, Knut Posse and other commanders at Viborg held a meeting in Borgå with Bishop Magnus. Shortly thereafter, a six-year truce was concluded on Sten Sture's behalf.[6]
References
- ^ Nossov, Konstantin S. (20 June 2012). Russian Fortresses 1480–1682. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-84908-038-5.
- ^ a b c d Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 366. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ a b c d e f Fissel, Mark (2022-12-05). The Military Revolution and Revolutions in Military Affairs. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-11-066141-5.
- ^ O'Connor 2019, pp. 131–132.
- ^ Shkvarov, Alexei (2012). Россия и Швеция. История военных конфликтов 1142-1809 [Russia and Sweden. The history of military conflicts 1142-1809] (in Russian). Saint-Petersburg: RME Group Oy:Алетейя. p. 51. ISBN 978-5-91419-754-1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link) - ^ a b Svenskt biografiskt lexikon: Åttonde bandet : O - Ri (in Swedish). Lindh. 1881.
- ^ "Юрьи Бабич" Borisov N. S. Иван III. Young Guard, 2000. p. 519. ISBN 5-235-02372-2
- ^ O'Connor 2019, p. 132, Committed to maintaining their Baltic foothold, the Russians simply rebuilt their fortress.
Sources
- O'Connor, Kevin C. (15 November 2019). The House of Hemp and Butter: A History of Old Riga. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-1-5017-4770-0.