Andrija Torkvat Brlić

Andrija Torkvat Brlić
Born(1826-05-15)May 15, 1826
Brod na Savi, Slavonian Military Frontier, Austrian Empire
DiedMay 21, 1868(1868-05-21) (aged 42)
Brod na Savi, Slavonian Military Frontier, Austria-Hungary
NationalityAustrian

Andrija Torkvat Brlić (15 May 1826 – 21 May 1868) was a Croatian writer, linguist, politician and lawyer. A follower of the Illyrian movement, Brlić was one of the most prominent advocates of unification of South Slavs in the 19th century.

Biography

Tomb of Andrija Torkvat Brlić

Andrija Torkvat Brlić was born on 15 May 1826 in Brod na Savi, then part of the Austrian Empire.[1] He was a descendant of the Ragusan Brlić family.[2][3] There is a tradition of considering them a Herzegovina family, with a mention of a Zahumlje prince named Brlić in 1393, and it's reasonable to assume this family would be their descendents, but the historical sources for them start in the early 18th century in the village of Svinjar (today's Davor).[4] His mother Katarina (née Benko) hailed from Vukovar while his father Ignjat Alojzij Brlić, was a merchant, linguist, publicist and translator.[1] Ignjat Alojzije Brlić was a noted participant of the Illyrian movement himself, his 'Illyrian' grammar first published in 1833 being one of the first Croatian grammar books, even as he disagreed with the likes of Ljudevit Gaj, arguing that his ikavian dialect should be a literary language.[5]

Andrija Torkvat Brlić attended elementary school (lower gymnasium) in Vinkovci, and his father sent him to a Zagreb seminary in 1841. He soon dropped out and moved out to a Jesuit convent in Zagreb, from where he continued to attend higher gymnasium, but continued to rebel against his father by refusing to attend Hungarian classes. In March 1842, together with nine other students, he founded a Čitaonica Narodna (lit. 'people's reading room') in Zagreb, and became its first president.[6] In 1843, with the help of a scholarship provided by bishop Haulik, he went to study theology in Vienna at the Pázmáneum.[6]

In 1847, he spent a summer in Glina where he befriended Josip Jelačić, and then also moved to the Vienna Augustineum where his friend Josip Juraj Strossmayer had been one of the people in charge. During his studies, he took an interest in politics and became a follower of the Illyrian movement.[6] At the time, Brlić collaborated with Jernej Kopitar, Franc Miklošič, Fran Kurelac and Strossmayer.[7] He also wrote poems and articles for the literary magazine Zora dalmatinska.[6] In the 1840s, he contributed to a number of newspapers and magazines, including the Narodne novine, and Danica ilirska.[7]

He took part in the Prague Slavic Congress of 1848 and later that year joined Josip Jelačić's campaign against Hungary.[8] He worked as his correspondent, contacting the leaders of the Czech national movement.[8] In the winter of 1848/49, he traveled to Paris as the envoy of Ban Jelačić, and was granted an audience by Louis Napoleon and Édouard Drouyn de Lhuys.[7] In France, he published articles in the Journal des débats and La Tribune des Peuples informing the French public about Jelačić's campaign, advocating the idea of a broad federalist restructuring of the Habsburg monarchy.[8] He collaborated with Polish refugees led by Adam Czartoryski, as well as a number of French Slavophiles such as Paul-Charles-Amable de Bourgoing and Adolphe Billecocq, and other people from Serbia, Romania and Czechia.[7]

On his return home, he was made a secretary in the government of the Virovitica County in Osijek in the summer of 1849.[8] Later that year he traveled to Vienna, Dresden and Prague.[7] Due to political disagreements, Jelačić and Brlić began to distance themselves from one another. The Bishop of Đakovo Josip Juraj Strossmayer would support a second diplomatic engagement for Brlić in Paris, which also allowed him to travel to other European cities.[9] He spent some time in London, and visited a number of other capital cities.[7] From 1850 to 1851, he was secretary of Matica ilirska and manager of the estate of Bishop Strossmayer in Đakovo.[8] Afterwards, he went to study Law in Vienna, completing his education 1857 before opening his own practice in Brod na Savi.[10]

Brlić collaborated in periodicals, was editor of Kolo magazine, and translated and edited the works of older Croatian writers.[8]

In 1861 he was an active participant in the Croatian Parliament, working as a delegate for the Military Frontier and leading its representatives to the emperor, championing for the unification of the border area with Croatia and Slavonia.[10] That year, representing Brod in the Parliament, Brlić supported the recognition and equality of the Croatian and Serbian peoples in Slavonia, and the choice of the name "Yugoslav" for the people's language.[11] Much unlike the Kingdom of Croatia, the population of Slavonia at the time included 38% of Serbs.[11] Over the following few years, Brlić occasionally came in conflict with other Croatian politicians because he not only supported Yugoslavism, but also insisted on maintaining a Slavonian regional identity, and vocally advocated against referring to the Triune Kingdom under only the Croatian name.[12]

Brlić first reached out to Serbian politician Ilija Garašanin from Paris in 1849, after the Jelačić government stopped funding him.[7] During the 1860s, he worked closely with the entourage of Garašanin.[8] It is believed he was part of the Serbian intelligence network because of the existence of encrypted communication between him and Antonijo Orešković, but the extent and purpose of his involvement in the intelligence network remains unclear.[13] It is apparent that Brlić was included in the radical plans of Strossmayer and Garašanin to create a common state of South Slavs that were under Austria and Turkey at the time.[14]

He was one of the most prominent advocates of unficiation of South Slavs in the 19th century.[15]

Brlić was a follower of the Serbian linguist Vuk Karadžić,[16] and his grammatical theories combined the Karadžić and Illyrian philological models, following in the steps of his father's work, Karadžić, Đuro Daničić, Franc Miklošič and Vjekoslav Babukić.[8]

Brlić was married to painter Franciska Daubači.[17] They had a summer house in Brodsko Brdo.[18] Together, they had two sons.[13]

He was a polyglot and spoke German, French, Polish, Czech, Russian, Slovak, and English.[19] He translated from Greek, Czech and German.[7]

He died on 21 May 1868, six days after his 42nd birthday. He left behind a number of written correspondences with politicians he had between 1840 and 1857.[13] His diary from this period is considered his most important work, because of his insights as Jelačić's secretary and envoy.[7]

Works

Sources of Serbian history

As a law student in Vienna, he published two historiographical books and one on the grammar of the 'Illyrian' language:[20]

  • Die freiwillige Theilnahme der Serben und Kroaten an der vier letztenösterreichisch-türkischen Kriegen [The voluntary participation of the Serbs and Croats at the last four Austro-Turkish wars] (1854)
  • Grammatik der Iliyrischen Sprache [Grammar of the Illyrian language] (1854)
  • Izvori srpske povjesnice iz turskijeh spomenika [Sources of Serbian history from Turkish monuments] (1857)

Notes

References

  1. ^ a b Šabić 2012, p. 237.
  2. ^ Pribićević, Svetozar (1952). Diktatura kralja Aleksandra, pp. 6. Beograd: Prosveta.
  3. ^ Švoger, Vlasta (2012). Ideals, passion and politics, life and work of Andrija Torkvat Brlić, pp. 272. Zagreb: Hrvatski institut za povijest.
  4. ^ Artuković 2006, p. 212.
  5. ^ Artuković 2006, p. 212-213.
  6. ^ a b c d Šabić 2012, p. 238.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Švab 1989.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h "Brlić, Andrija Torkvat". Croatian Encyclopedia. Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography.
  9. ^ Šabić 2012, p. 244.
  10. ^ a b Šabić 2012, p. 247.
  11. ^ a b Tomljanović 2024, p. 53.
  12. ^ Tomljanović 2024, p. 61.
  13. ^ a b c Šabić 2012, p. 246.
  14. ^ Artuković 2006, p. 214.
  15. ^ Mamuzić, Ilija (1979). "Andrija Torkvat Brlić i njegovo jugoslovinstvo (abstract)". Zbornik za Istoriju. 20: 29–54. [He] was one of the 19th century's most ardent proponents of the idea of a union of South Slav nations in a federal state of Yugoslavia. In his youth he was a follower of the Illyrian movement and was strongly anti-Hungarian..
  16. ^ Banac, Ivo; Ackerman, John G.; Szporluk, Roman, eds. (1981). Nation and Ideology: Essays in Honor of Wayne S. Vucinich. East European Monographs. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-914710-89-9.
  17. ^ Naumović, Slobodan; Naumovic, Slobodan; Jovanovic, Miroslav; Jovanović, Miroslav (2004). Childhood in South East Europe: Historical Perspectives on Growing Up in the 19th and 20th Century. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 87. ISBN 978-3-8258-6439-2.
  18. ^ Skalica, Tomo (2007). Galijom oko svijeta. Slavonski Brod: Udruga radnika Baština. pp. 17., 23.
  19. ^ Artuković 2012, p. 127.
  20. ^ Šabić 2012, p. 245, 247.

Sources

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.