Decades:
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
See also:
Events from the year 1992 in the United States .
Incumbents
Federal government
Events
January
February
March
March 10 – On 'Super Tuesday ', U.S. President George H. W. Bush and Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton win most of the primaries held.
March 22 – USAir Flight 405 , a domestic flight from New York City to Cleveland, Ohio , crashes into the Flushing Bay moments after taking off from LaGuardia Airport , killing 27 of the 51 people on board.[ 6] The causes of the accident were revealed to be ice on the aircraft and pilot error.[ 7]
March 30 – The 64th Academy Awards , hosted by Billy Crystal , are held at Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles , with Jonathan Demme 's The Silence of the Lambs winning five awards, including Best Picture and Best Director . Barry Levinson 's Bugsy leads the nominations with ten. The telecast garners over 44 million viewers.
March 31 – USS Missouri (BB-63) , the last active U.S. Navy battleship , is decommissioned at Long Beach, California .
April
April 2 – In New York , Mafia boss John Gotti is convicted of the murder of mob boss Paul Castellano and racketeering , and is later sentenced to life in prison.
April 5 – Approximately 500,000 people march on Washington, D.C. in support of abortion rights in advance of oral arguments in the case Planned Parenthood v. Casey .
April 6
April 8 – Former tennis player Arthur Ashe , 48, announces that he is suffering from the AIDS virus, which he is believed to have contracted from a blood transfusion during heart surgery in 1983. He had been diagnosed with HIV more than three years prior.[ 9]
April 9 – A Miami , Florida jury convicts former Panamanian ruler Manuel Noriega of assisting Colombia 's cocaine cartel.[ 10]
April 13 – The Chicago flood occurs, causing approximately $2 billion in damages to the city (equivalent to $4.34 billion in 2023).[ 11]
April 25 – The 7.2 Cape Mendocino earthquake shakes the north coast of California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent ), causing $48.3–75 million in losses and 98–356 injuries. This was the first instrumentally recorded event that showed shallow angle thrust movement on the southern Cascadia subduction zone . Two triggered strike-slip events caused additional destruction the following day.
April 29–May 4 – In Simi Valley, California , a jury acquits four LAPD police officers accused of excessive force in the videotaped beating of black motorist Rodney King , causing the 1992 Los Angeles riots and leading to 53 deaths and $1 billion in damage.[ 12]
May
June
June 24: Franco-American Flag
Governor Bob Casey of Pennsylvania (left) was a major anti-abortion advocate within the Democratic Party and is the Respondent in
Casey due to an anti-abortion law enacted during his tenure as Governor.
Justice Sandra Day O'Connor (right) was one of the three authors of the "undue burden" standard that she first advocated for in earlier abortion rulings.
June – As a result of the early 1990s recession and subsequent sluggish job creation, unemployment peaks at 7.8%, a level not seen since March 1984. This would contribute to President George H. W. Bush's defeat to Bill Clinton in the election later that year.[ 13]
June 1 – Kentucky celebrates its bicentennial statehood.
June 15 – Delta Phi Beta , a South Asian fraternity is founded at the University of California, Berkeley.[ 14]
June 16 – A federal grand jury indicts Caspar Weinberger for his role in covering up the Iran–Contra affair .
June 17 – A 'Joint Understanding' agreement on arms reduction is signed by U.S. President George H. W. Bush and Russian President Boris Yeltsin (this is later codified in START II ).
June 23 – Mafia boss John Gotti is sentenced to life in prison , after being found guilty of conspiracy to commit murder and racketeering on April 2.
June 24
The Franco-American Flag is officially raised for the first time in Manchester , New Hampshire . The flag was presented by singer Édith Butler as part of a tour.
The Supreme Court rules 5–4 in Planned Parenthood v. Casey , the first landmark abortion case since Roe v. Wade . In Casey the Court decided to uphold the "essential holding" of Roe that a woman has the right to an abortion but introduced a new "undue burden" standard which allows states to impose certain regulation so long as those regulations did not create a "substantial obstacle in the path of a woman seeking an abortion before the fetus attains viability."
June 28
The 7.3 Landers earthquake shakes the Mojave Desert region of Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent ), causing $92 million in losses, three deaths and 400+ injuries.
The 6.5 Big Bear earthquake shakes the San Bernardino Mountains region of Southern California about three hours later. This triggered event had a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe ), causing moderate damage and some injuries.
July
August
August 24–28: Hurricane Andrew
August 11 – The largest shopping mall in the U.S., Minnesota 's Mall of America , constructed on 78 acres (316,000 m2 ), opens in Bloomington .
August 20 – The Republican National Convention in Houston , Texas re-nominates U.S. President George H. W. Bush and Vice President Dan Quayle . Pat Buchanan , one of Bush's opponents in the primaries, delivers a controversial convention speech, in which he refers to a "religious war" in the country.
August 21–22 – Events at Ruby Ridge , Idaho are sparked by a federal U.S. Marshal surveillance team, resulting in the death of a Marshal, Sam Weaver, and his dog, and the next day the wounding of Randy Weaver , the death of his wife Vicki, and the wounding of Kevin Harris.
August 24–28 – Hurricane Andrew hits south Florida and dissipates over the Tennessee valley, killing 65 and causing US$26.5 billion in damage.
September
October
October 1 – The Turner Broadcasting System 's Cartoon Network goes on the air. The Merrie Melodies short, Rhapsody Rabbit , is the very first cartoon to be broadcast on the network.
October 2 – Pittsburgh International Airport 's new facility opens in Findlay Township, near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania . The new terminal is built as an expansion for USAir and an upgrade from the older Pittsburgh International Airport facility.
October 3 – After performing a song protesting alleged child abuse by the Catholic Church, Sinéad O'Connor rips up a photo of Pope John Paul II on Saturday Night Live , causing huge controversy, leading the switchboards at NBC to ring off the hook.
October 8 – The video game Mortal Kombat is released.[ 15]
October 9
October 11 – Ross Perot , Bill Clinton , and George H. W. Bush participate in the first debate of the 1992 election at Washington University in St. Louis .
October 13 – Al Gore , James Stockdale , and Dan Quayle participate in the 1992 vice presidential debate.
October 14 – The A Bunch of Munsch episode "The Paper Bag Princess " is first broadcast on Showtime for the Showtime's Fall 1992 lineup opposite of the series debut of American Heroes & Legends , as part of the network's hour long block of kiddie-oriented programming.
October 15 – Carole Simpson hosts the second debate of the presidential election at the University of Richmond .
October 17 – Yoshihiro Hattori , a 16-year-old Japanese exchange student, mistakes the address of a party and is shot dead after knocking on the wrong door in Baton Rouge, Louisiana . The shooter, Rodney Peairs, is later acquitted, sparking outrage in Japan .
October 19 – Jim Lehrer hosts the final debate of the presidential election at Michigan State University .
October 26 – Dry Tortugas National Park is established.
October 29 – The Food and Drug Administration approves Depo-Provera for use as a contraceptive in the United States.
October 31 – The pilot episode for X-Men airs on Fox Kids .
November
November 3: Bill Clinton elected U.S. president
November 3
November 20 – Home Alone 2: Lost in New York is released to theaters.
November 24 – Sonic The Hedgehog 2 is released in the U.S.
November 25
The Bodyguard , starring Kevin Costner and Whitney Houston , debuts in cinemas; it goes on to become the second highest-grossing film of the year with nearly $122 million in revenue in the U.S. and exceeding $410 million worldwide.
Walt Disney Pictures ' 31st feature film, Aladdin , is released to critical and commercial success. It goes on to become the highest-grossing film of the year and (at the time) the highest-grossing animated film of all time, earning over $504 million worldwide – the first animated film to cross the half-billion-dollar mark. It is also the last entirely fairytale-based adaptation released by Disney until 2010's Tangled .
December
December 8 : Lawrence Eagleburger becomes 62nd Secretary of State .
Date unknown
Ongoing
Births
January
Logan Lerman
Mac Miller
Mercedes Moné
February
Hannah Stocking
Taylor Lautner
Le'Veon Bell
February 1 – Kelli Goss , actress
February 2 – Alex Kennedy , race car driver
February 4 – Hannah Stocking , internet personality
February 6 – Cara McCollum , journalist (d. 2016 )
February 8 – Karle Warren , actress
February 10
February 11 – Taylor Lautner , actor
February 13 – Keith Appling , college basketball player
February 14 – Jeff Luc , football player
February 15 – Greer Grammer , actress
February 16 – Steffani Brass , actress
February 17
February 18
February 20 – Jarred Tinordi , hockey player
February 24 – Peter Frenette , Olympic ski jumper
February 25 – Max Aaron , figure skater
February 26 – Alexandria Mills , beauty pageant winner
February 27
February 29
March
Emily Osment
Kyrie Irving
March 2 – Charlie Coyle , ice hockey player
March 3 – Madison Cross , singer and actress
March 4
March 5
March 8 – Vitaly Zdorovetskiy , Russian-born YouTuber and prankster
March 9 – Luis Armand Garcia , actor
March 10 – Emily Osment , actress and singer
March 13 – Jelani Jenkins , football player
March 14 – Jasmine Murray , singer and pageant winner
March 15
March 16 – Tim Hardaway Jr. , basketball player
March 18 – Anthony Barr , football player
March 20 – Madison Gesiotto Gilbert , attorney, beauty queen, and political candidate
March 21 – Joshua Mance , Olympic sprinter
March 22 – Jessie Andrews , actress
March 23 – Kyrie Irving , basketball player
March 24
March 25 – Elizabeth Lail , actress
March 26
March 27
March 29 – Chris Massoglia , actor
March 30 – MacKinzie Kline , golfer
April
Young M.A
Chloe Bennet
Adria Arjona
Joe Keery
Doc Shaw
April 3 – Young M.A. , rapper
April 4 – Alexa Nikolas , actress
April 6 – Beatrice Capra , tennis player
April 7
April 8
April 9 – Joshua Ledet , singer
April 11 – J.D. Lifshitz , director, producer, screenwriter, and actor
April 13 – Paul Richardson , football player
April 17 – Manuel Ávila , boxer
April 18
April 22 – Joc Pederson , baseball player
April 23 – Syd tha Kyd , singer, producer, and DJ
April 24
April 26
April 27
April 28 – Boxxy , internet personality
April 30 – Kenneth Agostino , ice hockey player
May
Madeline Brewer
Gracie Gillam
Ashley Rickards
Malcolm David Kelley
Lainey Wilson
Erica Lindbeck
May 1 – Madeline Brewer , actress
May 2 – Molly Kearney , comedian
May 4
Miles Robbins , actor and musician
Phyllis Francis , Olympic sprinter
Gracie Gillam , actress, singer, and dancer
Courtney Jines , actress, producer, and screenwriter
Victor Oladipo , basketball player
Grace Phipps , actress, singer, and dancer
Ashley Rickards , actress
Shoni Schimmel , Native American basketball player
May 5 – Jarvis Johnson , YouTuber
May 7 – Ryan Harrison , tennis player
May 8
May 9 – Chris Gutierrez , actor
May 11 – Christina McHale , tennis player
May 12 – Malcolm David Kelley , actor
May 13 – Tyrann Mathieu , football player
May 15
May 16
May 17
May 18 – Spencer Breslin , actor and musician
May 19
May 20 – Mattie Larson , gymnast
May 21
May 22 – Anna Baryshnikov , actress
May 24 – Travis T. Flory , actor
May 25 – Matt Stonie , competitive eater
May 26 – Johanna Long , race car driver
May 29
May 30
May 31 – MO3 , rapper (d. 2020 )
June
Kate Upton
Jordan Hicks
June 1 – Prezel Hardy , sprinter
June 3 – Jade Cargill , pro wrestler
June 6 – DeAndre Hopkins , football player
June 7
June 9 – Kate Hansen , luger
June 10 – Kate Upton , actress and model
June 12
June 13 – Violet Chachki , drag queen, burlesque dancer, recording artist, television personality, and model
June 14
June 15 – Kristie Ahn , tennis player
June 16 – Emerson Etem , hockey player
June 19 – C. J. Mosley , football player
June 20
June 21 – Max Schneider , singer/songwriter and actor
June 22 – Darius Jennings , football player
June 23
June 24 – Raven Goodwin , actress
June 26
June 27 – Jordan Hicks , football player
June 29
June 30
July
Max Frost
Rich the Kid
Selena Gomez
July 1 – Bryan de la Fuente , soccer player
July 2 – Madison Chock , Olympic ice dancer
July 3
July 5 – Max Frost , singer/songwriter
July 6 – Manny Machado , baseball player
July 8
July 9 – Andrew Everett , wrestler
July 10
July 13
July 17
July 18 – Timothy Dolensky , figure skater
July 20 – Paige Hurd , actress
July 21 – Rachael Flatt , figure skater
July 22 – Selena Gomez , singer and actress
July 24 – Mitch Grassi , a cappella singer and member of Pentatonix
July 25
July 28
July 29 – David Ash , football player
July 30 – Fabiano Caruana , chess player
July 31
August
Karlie Kloss
Tomi Lahren
Demi Lovato
RJ Mitte
September
Nick Jonas
Tyler Lockett
Ezra Miller
September 2 – Madilyn Bailey , singer
September 3 – August Alsina , hip-hop/R&B Artist
September 5 – Brandon Allen , football player
September 8 – Felisha Cooper , actress
September 10 – Haley Ishimatsu , Olympic diver
September 11
September 12 – Connor Franta , YouTuber and entrepreneur
September 16 – Nick Jonas , singer, songwriter, musician, actor, and member of the Jonas Brothers
September 18 – Amber Liu , singer
September 19
September 24
September 25 – Keauna McLaughlin , ice skater
September 27
September 28
September 30
October
Tyler James Williams
Josh Hutcherson
21 Savage
Sofia Vassilieva
October 2 – Kiehl Frazier , football player
October 6
October 9 – Tyler James Williams , actor
October 11 – Cardi B , rapper
October 12 – Josh Hutcherson , actor
October 13
October 14 – Savannah Outen , singer
October 15 – Vincent Martella , actor and singer
October 16 – Bryce Harper , baseball player
October 17 – Jacob Artist , actor, dancer, and singer
October 18 – John John Florence , surfer
October 19 – Lil Durk , rapper
October 20 – Kristian Ipsen , Olympic diver
October 22
October 27
October 28
October 30 – Tequan Richmond , actor, model, and rapper
October 31 – Vanessa Marano , actress
November
Odell Beckham Jr.
Miley Cyrus
November 2 – Chelsea Davis , gymnast
November 5 – Odell Beckham Jr. , football player
November 6 – Megan Meier , suicide victim (d. 2006 )
November 9 – CoryxKenshin , YouTuber
November 10 – Teddy Bridgewater , football player
November 11 – Cassandra Bankson , model
November 12
November 15 – Trevor Story , baseball player
November 16 – Joe Thuney , football player
November 18 – Nathan Kress , actor
November 19 – Brandon Frazier , Olympic pair skater
November 21
November 23
November 25 – Zack Shada , actor
November 28
November 29 – David Lambert , actor
December
Bridgit Mendler
December 1
December 8 – Katie Stevens , singer
December 7 – Sean Couturier , ice hockey player
December 11
December 12
December 17
Berleezy , YouTuber
Jordan Garrett, actor
December 18 – Bridgit Mendler , actress, singer, and musician
December 21 – Ha Ha Clinton-Dix , American football player
December 23 – Spencer Daniels , actor
December 25 – Rachel Keller , actress
Full date unknown
Deaths
January 1 – Grace Hopper , computer scientist, mathematician, and U.S., Army Navy rear admiral (b, 1906 )
January 7 – Richard Hunt , puppeteer (b. 1951 )
January 23 – Ian Wolfe , actor (b. 1896 )[ 20]
January 24 – Tina Chow , fashion designer and model (b. 1950 )
January 26 – José Ferrer , Puerto Rican actor and director (b. 1912)
January 27 – Allan Jones , actor and singer (b. 1907 )
January 29 – Willie Dixon , blues musician (b. 1915 )
February 2 – Bert Parks , actor, singer, and announcer (b. 1914 )
February 3 – Junior Cook , musician (b. 1934 )[ 21]
February 4 – John Dehner , actor (b. 1915 )
February 7 – Buzz Sawyer , wrestler and trainer (b. 1959 )
February 8 – Bazoline Estelle Usher , African American educator (b. 1885 )
February 9 – Jack Kinney , animator (b. 1909 )
February 10 – Alex Haley , writer (b. 1921 )
February 13 – Dorothy Tree , actress (b. 1906 )[ 22]
February 14 – Angelique Pettyjohn , actress (b. 1943 )
February 20 – Dick York , actor (b. 1928 )
February 27 – S. I. Hayakawa , Canadian-born academic and Senator for California (b. 1906 )
February 28 – Josef Alexander , composer (b. 1907 )
March 2 – Sandy Dennis , actress (b. 1937 )
March 4 – Art Babbitt , animator (b. 1907 )
March 6 – Elvia Allman , actress (b. 1904 )
March 8 – Champ Butler , singer (b. 1926 )[ 23]
March 25 – Nancy Walker , actress and director (b. 1922 )
March 26 – Barbara Frum , American-born Canadian radio and television journalist (b. 1937 )
March 29 – Paul Henreid , Austrian-American actor and filmmaker (b. 1908 )
April 4 – Arthur Russell , cellist and composer (b. 1951 )
April 5
April 6 – Isaac Asimov , Russian-born science-fiction author (b. 1920)
April 10 – Sam Kinison , comedian (b. 1953 )
April 14
April 16 – Neville Brand , actor (b. 1920 )
May 1 – Sharon Redd , singer (b. 1945 )[ 25]
May 6 – Marlene Dietrich , German-born actress and singer (b. 1901 in Germany )
May 12
May 13 – Dawon Kahng , Korean-born electrical engineer (b. 1931 )
May 14 – Lyle Alzado , American professional football player (b. 1949 )
May 17 – Lawrence Welk , musician and bandleader (b. 1903 )
May 27 – Uncle Charlie Osborne , Appalachian fiddler (b. 1890 )
May 30 – Antoni Zygmund , Polish-born mathematician (b. 1900)
June 2 – Philip Dunne , screenwriter and director (b. 1908 )
June 3
June 6
June 18 – Peter Allen , Australian musician (b. 1944 )
June 22
June 26 – Buddy Rogers , professional wrestler (b. 1921 )
June 27 – Allan Jones , actor and singer (b. 1907 )
July 13
July 18 – Rudolf Ising , cartoon animator (b. 1903 )
July 26 – Mary Wells , American singer (b. 1943 )
July 27 – Anthony Salerno , mobster (b. 1911 )
July 30 – Joe Shuster , Canadian-American comic book artist (b. 1914 )
August – Chris McCandless , hiker (b. 1968 )
August 5 – Jeff Porcaro , drummer, songwriter, and record producer (b. 1954 )
August 14 – John Sirica , federal judge (b. 1904 )
September 1 – Morris Carnovsky , actor (b. 1897 )
September 12
September 21 – Bill Williams , actor (b. 1915 )
September 29 – Paul Jabara , actor and singer-songwriter (b. 1948 )
October 5 – Eddie Kendricks , singer (The Temptations ) (b. 1939 )
October 16 – Shirley Booth , actress (b. 1898 )
October 22
October 25 – Roger Miller , singer-songwriter, musician and actor (b. 1936 )
November 2 – Hal Roach , film and television producer, director and actor (b. 1892 )
November 7 – Jack Kelly , actor (b. 1927 )
November 8
November 10 – Chuck Connors , actor and athlete (b. 1921 )
November 19 – Diane Varsi , actress (b. 1938 )
November 22 – Sterling Holloway , actor (b. 1905 )
November 23 – Roy Acuff , country musician (b. 1903 )
November 24 – Theodore Miller Edison , businessman, inventor, and environmentalist (b. 1898 )
November 29
November 30 – Peter Blume , American painter and sculptor (b. 1906 )
December 8 – William Shawn , editor of The New Yorker (b. 1907)
December 9 – Vincent Gardenia , Italian-American actor (b. 1920 )
December 17 – Dana Andrews , actor (b. 1909 )
December 18 – Mark Goodson , television producer (b. 1915 )
December 21 – Stella Adler , actress and teacher (b. 1901 )[ 27]
December 27 – Stephen Albert , composer (b. 1941 )[ 28]
December 28 – Sal Maglie , baseball player (b. 1917 )
December 30 – Timothy S. Healy , Jesuit priest and academic administrator (b. 1923 ]
See also
References
^ McDaniel, Ann (January 8, 2017). "25 Years Ago Today, George H.W. Bush Vomited on the Prime Minister of Japan" . Newsweek .
^ LEWIS, BOB (31 January 1993). "Thinking the Unthinkable: What Led 4 Teens to Torture, Murder Child?" . Los Angeles Times .
^ Woolley, John; Peters, Gerhard. "Length of State of the Union Messages and Addresses (in minutes)" . The American Presidency Project . Retrieved 2011-02-20 .
^ Adams, Cydney (February 17, 2016). "Feb. 17th, 1992: Serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer sentenced" . CBS News. Retrieved 2021-03-09 .
^ Bianculli, David (June 2, 1995). "A Decade as King of the Hill CNN Talker celebrates with Retrospective, Star Lineup" . Daily News . New York: NYDailyNews.com. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved May 27, 2010 .
^ "Remembering USAir Flight 405: 30 Years later, a survivor reflects" . wkyc.com . March 22, 2022. Retrieved 2023-12-04 .
^ "Airline Industry, FAA Blamed for 'Failures' That Led to Jet Crash" . The Washington Post . ISSN 0190-8286 . Retrieved 2023-12-04 .
^ Edwards, Benj (April 6, 2022). "Windows 3.1 Turns 30: Here's How It Made Windows Essential" . How-To Geek . Archived from the original on June 23, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022 .
^ "The News-Journal – Google News Archive Search" . google.com .
^ Rohter, Larry (April 10, 1992). "The Noriega Verdict; U.S. Jury Convicts Noriega of Drug-Trafficking Role as the Leader of Panama" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved September 28, 2017 .
^ "1992 Loop Flood Brings Chaos, Billions In Losses" . Chicago: WBBM-TV . April 14, 2007. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved January 11, 2008 .
^ Madison Gray (April 25, 2007). "The L.A. Riots: 15 Years After Rodney King" . Time . Archived from the original on April 29, 2007.
^ Greenhouse, Steven (3 July 1992). "Unemployment Up Sharply, Prompting Federal Reserve to Cut Its Key Lending Rate" . The New York Times . Retrieved 16 January 2013 .
^ Delta Phi Beta
^ "Mortal Kombat" .
^ Schmalz, Jeffrey (1992-11-04). "THE 1992 ELECTION – THE NATION'S VOTERS – Clinton Carves a Wide Path Deep Into Reagan Country – NYTimes.com" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2015-11-04 .
^ "Lawrence Sidney Eagleburger - People - Department History - Office of the Historian" .
^ "Hitting High Notes On The Cash Register 1992 Was A Record Year For Discs And Cassettes" . Philly.com . Archived from the original on August 12, 2014.
^ Zenko, Micah (3 August 2010). Between Threats and War: U.S. Discrete Military Operations in the Post-Cold War World . Stanford University Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-8047-7190-0 .
^ Oliver, Myrna (January 26, 1992). "Ian Wolfe, 95; Character Actor of Stage, Movies, TV" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved July 20, 2012 .
^ Colin Larkin , ed. (1992). The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music (First ed.). Guinness Publishing . p. 553. ISBN 0-85112-939-0 .
^ Wilson, Scott (2016). Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed . McFarland. p. 756. ISBN 9780786479924 . Retrieved September 8, 2019 .
^ Dales, Ossie (June 2012). Down Yonder With (booklet). Champ Butler. London, England: Jasmine Records. JASCD 724.
^ Walton, Sam (1993). Sam Walton: Made in America . Bantam Books. p. 329. ISBN 0-553-56283-5 .
^ Ramakers, Johan (8 September 2016). "Sharon Redd" . Rock and Roll Paradise . Retrieved 18 August 2022 .
^ Haun, Harry (2000). The Cinematic Century: An Intimate Diary of America's Affair with the Movies . New York: Applause. ISBN 1557834008 .
^ "Stella Adler | American actress | Britannica" . Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved 10 February 2023 .
^ Randel, Don Michael, ed. (1996). "Albert, Stephen (Joel)" . The Harvard biographical dictionary of music . Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press. pp. 11 . ISBN 0-674-37299-9 .
External links
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